...Mao Zedong: An Ultimate Influence The influence of Mao Zedong (1893-1976) can be linked to his unorthodox choice to use peasants, not workers, in his Communist Revolution. China, an unindustrialized country in the mid eighteenth century, did not have the working class required by Marxist theory to overthrow the state and begin Communism. That said, a large peasant and student population grasped to Mao’s leadership and started a new style of communist revolution. The creation of a cult of personality in which Mao Zedong was idealized as a supreme leader (and in some cases even a godlike emperor) enabled him to rule absolutely and extend his influence. After the Chinese Civil War (1927-1936), Mao and other Communist Party leaders moved to carry through a Marxist social revolution. However, Communism was expected to emerge out of the most industrialized stages of capitalism as a result of class struggle between worker and factory owner. That said, in China, factories and factory workers were not in abundance. Even so, Mao Zedong saw the revolutionary potential of peasants. In his report on the peasant movement in Hunan he stated, “The fact is that the broad peasant masses have risen to fulfill their historical mission, and that the democratic forces in the country side have risen to overthrow the forces of feudalism…” In another doctrine he remarks that the communist party must recognize the peasantry as a revolutionary body that before had not seen success only because...
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...Genghis Khan, first known as Temujin, was the son of a leader of a Mongolian tribe. He was brought up in a time of warring tribes and factions. Genghis Khan was a fierce and brilliant military commander, who achieved unprecedented success in setting Ghengis Khanup an Empire which stretched across Europe and Asia. His Mongol armies left a trail of fear, death and destruction. But, he also created a vibrant empire with a common language, booming trade, tolerance of religion and some basic customs and laws( Pettinger., 2010). Arguably the most famous Asian of the last 2,000 years, Genghis Khan created an empire that was more than twice the size of any other conqueror's in history, and that endured for more than a century and a half after his death. Almost everything we know about him came from the descendants of people he conquered, and they have seen him as merely one of many bloodthirsty savages -- such as Attila the Hun and Tamerlane -- who periodically erupted from the steppes like some evil force of nature to ravage the superior civilizations around them(Weatherford, 2000). Although Genghis Khan was a great conqueror, he never stopped becoming open to new cultures and he was very open to learn from the technologies, practices and even religions of the different territories he conquered. A great leader never stops learning and it is the key to your success too. You must be humble enough to realize that you can learn from anyone, anywhere no matter how far you have come as...
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...The Cultural Revolution lasted for a decade and saw the fragmentation of China only ending after yielding seemingly little benefit to anyone involved. Mao Zedong was foremostly, and most successfully, a revolutionary and much of his life had been spent seeking to fundamentally transform China. Mao’s goal, to form a new strong and prospering China, required the creation of a new national sense of being through the Cultural Revolution. To forge a new society and culture, rid of entrenched feudal ways was considered absolutely necessary with the omnipresent shadow of the New Culture Movement, which had been frustrated by the size of the task. Only a mass movement by the entire nation to reform themselves could succeed. Mao found his answer in the political philosophy of Marx and Lenin whose work he synthesised and altered, eventually focusing on the potentially revolutionary aspects of widespread revolution. Mao made a significant contribution to Marxist philosophy by concluding that in order to keep the results of a revolution in place, the revolution too had to be permanent. Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, motivated by this genuine desire to preserve and protect the revolution by making it impossible for China’s leaders to become comfortable and lead the nation to regress to capitalism. The Communist victory in 1949 and subsequent decade of control saw some slow improvements in the life of the ordinary Chinese, and few leaders of the CCP were adamant that a revolution was...
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... Li’s story took place during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution. This revolution took place from 1966 to 1976, lead by Mao Zedong, who was the leader of the Communist Party of China at the time. The Cultural Revolution led to millions of people being persecuted and thousands more being killed. Because of the Cultural Revolution, people no longer had freedom of speech and actions. If anyone was found criticising the Government or taking part in anti-communist operations, they would be arrested immediately. Generally, the people of China took to the idea of communism because they had been convinced and continually told that communism would bring great wealth to China. This was great news to the people of China because they had suffered a famine, which lead to the death of millions of people. The Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1976, after Chairman Mao died. Those found to be part of The Gang of Four, a group of Chinese Communist Officials, were arrested for treasonous crimes. In Mao’s Last Dancer, it is shown how Li was taught at school in Shandong that Chairman Mao would end poverty in China. After he arrived at the Beijing Dance Academy when he was 11 years old, not only was he taught dance but also in more depth about how Mao was the great leader and how Communism was the future of China. He was also taught that Capitalism, in countries like America, was an abomination and Communism is the only way to a...
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...Numerous endured compelling misuses at the hands of their life partners and in-laws. All around their lives, ladies were required to comply with their fathers, spouses, and children thus. From their exceptionally conception a female child was powerless to homicide by her guardians. In the event that an infant young girl survived outcome of their parents decision due to the One-Child Policy, she developed into an adolescent women confronting the likelihood of assault by strangers, conceivable suitors, neighbors, or even relatives. In the same way as other misuses against women, assault was on the rise. However due to Mao Zedong the status of women in China were improved literacy and educational wise. Despite Chairman Mao's notion that "anything men can do, women can do too", the situation for women remains unstable. One of the more constructive impacts of Mao Zedong on the individuals of China was Mao's perspective of women. He guaranteed that women held up half of the sky and revoked foot binding; a practice that limped ladies and kept them fixing to their house, and banned prostitution. While he didn't help abortion, he did urge ladies to be the equivalent of men. Since 1949, the role of women in the Chinese society has been totally changed. There are now women in all trades and professions. Women work side by side with men on a seemingly equal footing (Pun intended). The woman’s movement had...
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...victim of the Cultural Revolution, “the biggest unjust case of the CCP”, he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1980 and given a state funeral Zhou Enlai -A leader of the CCP, Revolutionary, diplomat -1898-1976 -The first Primer of the PRC, most important political partner of Mao, very positive appraise by the history and Chinese people. American Volunteer Group Lin Biao - a major Communist military leader -Leader of the army during the civil war, especially in Northeastern China. - Lin had chance to be the successor of Mao, but his relation with Mao became terrible later in the Cultural Revolution. Lin died in plane crush in Mongolia, and he is also blamed for the cultural revolution Jiang Qing -4th Wife of Mao -Became to be active in Chinese political life in 1960s Cultural revolution. -She is the leader of Gang of Four, also one of the main leaders during the CR. Joseph Stilwell -American General, -US government sent Stilwell to Chongqing in 1942 - The Chief of Staff in China Burma India Theater, left the position because of conflicts with Jiang; Red Guards -A special group of China during the CR. Most RG are students -During the CR -So called “solider of Chairman Mao”, regard the little red book as all the truth, easy to be egged and the main power of CR Hu Yaobang -The General Secretary of the CCP -Took the position during 1982-1987, the begging time of reform and open policies -His death led a lot students hold the public memorial and...
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...distance; there are few people in China who are very powerful, and they’re respected by everyone. The PD index of China is 80, and that is overlapping in real life, cause there is a big power distance in China. Rituals Mao Ze Dong said there could never be too many Chinese: human resources would be China's greatest defence in the widely predicted third world war. So the population of China rose from 540 million in 1950 to over 850 million by 1970 (fig 1). http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD, because he decides what the whole country has to do, and he doesn’t care about what the other people want. Population projections worried Deng Xiao Ping, who was launching his economic reform programme. He regarded the curbing of population growth as essential for economic expansion and improved living standards, so the one child family policy was introduced in 1979 http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD as well, because in this case Demg Xiao Ping decides for the whole population in China that there are too many people and that couples can only have one baby, even though if they want more than one. Heroes Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976), was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and...
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...~Mao Zedong~ Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) was born in Chaochan, China, in 1893. At the 18 years of age, he served in the revolutionary army during the 1911 Chinese Revolution. Chinese was inspired by the Russian Revolution and therefore established the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921. They were adapted by the ideas of Lenin. He and other members had joined the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), which Mao worked as a political organizer in Shanghai. With the help of advisers from the Soviet Union the Kuomintang increased its power in China. Their new leader Chiang Kai-Shek eliminated the communists from the organization. The nationalist set a barrier and Mao Zedong decided to evacuate the area. In October 1934, Mao and some 100,000 men and their independents headed west through mountain areas. They experienced terrible hardships. They covered about 50 miles a day and reached Shensi on 20th October 1935. When the Japanese Army invaded China in 1937, Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to move his capital from Nanking to Chungking, and lost control of the coastal regions and most major cities of Japan. He then agreed to work together with Mao and his communist army. During the Second World War, Mao had well-organized guerrilla forces. The Japanese had surrendered and Communists began war against Nationalists. The communists win its control of the country and on 1 October, 1949, Mao announced the organization of People’s Republic of China. In 1958 Mao announced the Great...
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...accounting for the wide range of perspectives would be an impossible endeavour to undertake. Instead, I will explain that I would like to establish whether or not all the seemingly enthusiastic support of Mao Zedong thought during the Cultural Revolution was guided by legitimate reverence, or if there were darker motivations beneath the surface. I will then share my belief, that while there was an appetite for Maoist ideals, much of the outward suport for Mao during the Cultural Revolution was driven by fear and/or personal gain. I will begin by focussing on the field of education, where there is evidence...
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...------------------------------------------------- Generations of Chinese leadership From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia People's Republic of China | | This article is part of the series: Politics and government of China | Ideology[show] | Constitution[show] | Communist Party[show] | Legislature[show] | Executive[show] | United Front[show] | Military[show] | Judiciary[show] | Propaganda[show] | Law[show] | Other issues[show] | * Other countries * Atlas Politics portal | * v * t * e | | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) | Generations of Chinese leadership | Simplified Chinese | 中国共产党领导集体 | Traditional Chinese | 中國共産黨領導集體 | Literal meaning | Leadership collectives of the Communist Party of China | [show]Transcriptions | | Because both the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army promote according to seniority, it is possible to discern distinctgenerations of Chinese leadership.[1] In official discourse, each group of leadership is identified with a distinct extension of the ideology of the party. Historians have studied various periods in the development of the government of the People's Republic of China by reference to these "generations". Contents [hide] * 1 Terminology * 2 First generation * 3 Second generation ...
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...“Power tends to corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely” Essay “Power tends to corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Over time this statement has been changed and interpreted into its own meaning. Some say power does not corrupt it only attracts the corruptible, however, past events have given proof to dispute that theory. Power corrupts absolutely. This can be seen as we look back at previous leaders, for example: Louis XIV of France, Henry the Second of the Roman Empire, Katherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Adolf Hitler. These names all have something in common, they were leaders, but unfortunately, power got to their heads and they were corrupted by their lifestyles and position of power. Some of the most brutal and powerful acts have happened when these names have been reigning over us. Given this, the point I am addressing in my essay is ‘how leaders corrupt absolutely and why’. Leadership is at its core, all about power and influence; however, there is a distinction between two types of power, socialized and personalized power. Socialized power is used to benefit others, and personalized power is used for personal gain. Most power that evolves starts out as wanting to help others but once the realization sets in that they can help themselves more, power starts to be used for personal gain. Examples of this have happened in history as dictators started out with good intentions but got corrupted absolutely because they became consumed...
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...Logan 1 Emily Logan Mr. Sgrignoli CHY 4U1 6 June 2014 TITLE Although Adolf Hitler is often credited as the Twentieth Centuries most evil man, there are others who could easily be seen as equally sharing this assumption. Undoubtedly, Hitler was an extremely evil man and was responsible for the deaths of millions of people during his time in power in World War Two, however there are other past world leaders who were responsible for the deaths of many more people. Through examining Joseph Stalin, the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1929-1953, and Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1945-1976, it is clear that Hitler cannot accurately hold the title of being the most evil man in history. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20 in the small Austrian town of Braunau. In his early years Hitler excelled at school and was admired for his leadership qualities (history.com), however when he reached high school he found the work to be much more difficult. When Hitler was fifteen years old he failed his exams and was informed he would need to repeat that school year. Stubbornly, Hitler refused to continue with his education and dropped out of school. When he was eighteen years old his father, Alois Hitler, passed away. Hitler used the money he Logan 2 inherited from his later father to move to Vienna in hopes of pursuing a career in the arts. He applied to the Vienna Academy of Art and the School of Architecture, to which he was both...
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...Education System in the Eras of Mao and Post-Mao The education policy in China has been lasted for a long period of time; it can be trace to the imperial examination. In the early of the 20th century, the modern education system is being established and finalize. However, things change once the People's Republic of China founded. The Communist Party chairman, Mao Zedong, puts forward his own educational ideological and system in China, but his ideological had been fail at last because of the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, in the post-Mao period (1978 to present), the educational system has been reform again. The post-Mao education system has abrogated the old system and set up a new one that match the development of China. Since different chairmen will have different ideology, the educational systems between Mao and Post-Mao periods also have many differences. After the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949), the Chinese Communists are started reforming the political in the areas of politics, economics, military and religion, especially on the educational system. To be the leader of PRC at that time and was graduated from the Teachers’ College, Mao Zedong had put forward education ideological system for the people in China. At first, the new education system was based on the Soviet model, the government move the whole Soviet Union education system into China to replace the old education in China, therefore, the Chinese education and culture had become under the...
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...understand the foundation of the country starting from the early dynasties. The book starts off with historical events, pointing out the key people who contributed towards shaping the nation as a whole with their philosophical beliefs, and ending with tracing the steps of the evolution on China’s political, ritual, and educational traditions into the todays time, the 21st century. Throughout the book, Wasserstrom addresses various questions that comes to mind by Westerners pertaining to China and its historical events that are frequently overlooked due to ignorance of the matter: “Who was Confucius?, Was history important to Confucius?, Why is Confucius back in favor?, Who was Deng Xiaoping?, What were Confucius’s core ideas?, Who was Mao Zedong?, Who was Deng Xiaoping?”. - Confucius was a teacher and a philosopher who lived during the Zhou Dynasty 1045-256 B.C.E.. He valued education, ritual, and hierarchal relationships that is mutually beneficial between higher and lower ranking parties. Knowledge has always been a positive thing, learning through education only lifts you higher and provide you with an open mind towards the unknown. Ritual, the second most valued belief, the social order would be jeopardized otherwise. Confucius had a perspective where it is possible for people to live together in a peaceful and well-governed land as long as there is a fair-minded ruler. One example that Confucius used for the hierarchal relationship between a superior and inferior was...
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...A Chinese Life by Li Kunwu and P. Otie is an autobiographical graphic novel based on the experience of the characters in the Cultural Revolution. Li personally went through this whole experience shown in the book as he went through the Cultural Revolution, the Great Leap Forward, the death of Mao Zedong, and the country’s current economic boom. As the novel progresses, the significance of being from China isn’t the same anymore. Li’s father was a member of the Communist Party in Kunming where Li spent his childhood. His family had more money than the other families around him. So when Mao rose in power, he competed with his equals to see who was able to be the best comrade around school. Li finished school and initiated himself into the army. To Li, Mao’s death was devastating and painful, as he quotes, “Chairman Mao…how will I go on…without you?”. The goal of the novel is to show how their leader Mao affected the typical Chinese civilian and how his death affected their lives. For the impression us Westerners have for Mao, it is hard for us to understand the feeling of the Chinese people. People raised their kids to worship Mao at such a young age and based their entire life on his teachings....
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