...QUESTION; DESCRIBE THE CHANGES IN SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AT WORK UNDER DIFFERENT MODES OF PRODUCTION. Social relationships at work have been changing over time under different modes of production. However, the definition of work has been a contested area due to factors like the differentiation and work and labour, work and non-work and work as employment among other factors. Even though Arendt (1958) defines work as activity undertaken with our hands which gives objectivity to the world. Social relations have been changing to meet the demands of the type of mode of production. In broad outline, Marxist theory recognises several distinctive modes of production characteristic of different epochs in human history. Primitive communism is the first mode of production in the Marxist theory. This is described as a traditional type of cooperation which first appeared about two million years ago. During this period relations of production were based on collective ownership of the means of production by individual communes. They used extremely backward productive forces and primitive forces of labour which can also be called collective labour thus social relationships at work were characterised by collective labour. Due to these characteristics there was economic equality among the primitive people and the absence of exploitation of man by other man. These people were independent with no one to push anyone. During this period, according to Watson J.T (1995), one`s work was seen more as an...
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...Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle Mimi Abramovitz The profession of social work has the potential both to meet individual needs and to engage in social change. However, the profession’s position between the individual and society often forces practitioners to choose between adjusting people and programs to circumstances or challenging the status quo. The twin pressures of containment and change have made social work an arena of struggle since its origins in the late 19th century. In honor of social work’s centennial, this article examines the sources of the profession’s prochange mandate and the structural factors that limit social work’s ability to pledge itself to this stance permanently and recommends some steps social workers can take to recommit the profession to greater activism. Special attention is given to documenting the long but largely ignored history of social work activism. Key words: activism; history; professionalism; social reform; social work T he twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles...
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...time when an individual knows and understands his or her goal and where they are headed. It is also when an individual that they are ready for change. An example of personal empowerment is a wife and mother who have decided that a change is necessary for her and children and makes the necessary steps to leave her abusive husband who has physically and verbally and abused herself and children. At this point of time the wife has determined that positive change is in order for the safety of her and her children. As it relates to interpersonal empowerment is when one or more persons collaborate to make decisions to follow through with a plan. Last, political empowerment is the government working to help the community and promoting political participation on specific issues for the community population (Zastrow & Krist-Ashman, 2010). Social work is viewed in three categories: macro, mezzo, and micro. These three categories at times have a tendency to coincide and influence each other. The practice of macro social work is the effort to help clients by intervening in a larger system, such as at the neighborhood, institution, or at a smaller group level (Zastrow & Krist-Ashman, 2010). Macro practice empowers clients by involving them in systematic change. An example would be part of a change in a social change at a large scale. .Mezzo social work practice deals with groups considered a smaller and medium size group. This can include school system, a local neighborhood, or at the community...
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...MYKOLAS ROMERIS UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND MEDIA SCHOOL ISSUE OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SOCIAL WORKS Master Thesis Master thesis Supervisor: Vilnius, 2015 CONTENTS LIST OF USED ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION 1. HIGHLIGHTING LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 1.1 ------------------------------------------------- Meaning and concept of social work and multiculturalism 1.2 ------------------------------------------------- Social work theories 1.3 ------------------------------------------------- Characteristics of social work 1.4 ------------------------------------------------- Social work in a multicultural society 1.5 ------------------------------------------------- Social change goals in multiculturalism 1.6 ------------------------------------------------- conclusion INTRODUCTION Multiculturalism is one of the biggest issues in Nigeria where the population is over 150 million with multi-faceted ethnic and cultural differences which pose major constraints on the socio-economic development of the nation. Wong (2006 cited in Udebunu, 2011) asserts that multiculturalism appreciates and recognizes, without ignoring or turning blind side to the presence of variety of cultural groups coexisting in a particular society. Rather than conjuring a common identity for widely dispersed groups, multiculturalism...
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...Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/abs-417-week-2-discussion-question-1-empowerment-disempowerment-and-social-change-ash Product Description This work ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash includes solution of the following task: "In 250 ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/abs-417-week-2-discussion-question-1-empowerment-disempowerment-and-social-change-ash Product Description This work ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash includes solution of the following task: "In 250 ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/abs-417-week-2-discussion-question-1-empowerment-disempowerment-and-social-change-ash Product Description This work ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash includes solution of the following task: "In 250 ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/abs-417-week-2-discussion-question-1-empowerment-disempowerment-and-social-change-ash Product Description This work ABS 417 Week 2 Discussion Question 1 Empowerment Disempowerment and Social Change Ash includes solution...
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...Social Organization and Change Most people would agree that cultural diversity in the workplace utilizes our country's skills to its fullest, and contributes to our overall growth and prosperity (Ethnic Majority, 2004). In the 20th century, one’s workplace is very diverse. In today’s workplace a person may be considered more valuable than another person if they are bilingual. The workplace consists of several different types of individuals with different backgrounds. In one office one may work with a combination of individuals from many different ethnic backgrounds such as African-American, Hispanic, Caucasian, Japanese, Indian, and Chinese. You may find that some work environments have conflicts due to the diversity while others are very pleasant and exciting to work in because of the same reason. Through observation one collects that diversity in the workplace introduces new foods, cultures, values, morals, religious beliefs and ideas. A diverse workplace is very interesting because individuals can learn from another. An individual can learn how to improve tasks through techniques. One can also learn how to communicate in a foreign language and become bilingual in more than one language. Studies have shown that diverse teams view situations from a broad range of perspectives, producing more creative solutions to problems and greater product innovation (Executive Diversity Services, Inc., 2006). A diverse work place allows for a person to be exposed to a whole...
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...Journal of Social Development in Africa (1996), 11.1.33-42 Social Work Education for Social Development * M GRAY, F MAZIBUKO & F O'BRIEN ** ABSTRACT Social work as a profession has an obligation to respond to and, if necessary create, societal agendas. Social development is clearly on the current societal agenda. This paper examines the different emphases and levels of social development and advocates a broad perspective of the concept. The relationship between social development and social work is then explored. Shared values and goals augur well for a constructive relationship. Finally the paper addresses the importance of education for social workers to participate in social development initiatives. Teaching and practice curricula are discussed as well as different levels of training. The paper concludes with recommendations for future networking, both between educators and disciplines, and research and literature. Introduction According to Ira Goldenberg, professions are shaped by the social and political realities of their time and by the societies of which they are a part (Franklin, 1990). This is clearly evident...
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...Social care governance is a framework for making sure that social care services provide excellent ethical standards of service and continue to improve them. Culture values, behaviours, decisions and processes are open to scrutiny as people develop safe and effective evidence-based practice. Good governance means that people recognise our accountability, people act on lessons learned and they are honest and open in seeking the best possible outcomes and results for society. Social Care confronts enormous changes as local authorities and the efforts of health authorities have to deal with the heavy challenges of the Personalisation programme. Though, how can it be taken ahead in the present circumstances of important cuts in people’s financial support? All have responsibility for the quality of the social care they provide. Achieving quality is a combination of individual, team and organisational responsibility. Organising that effectively is the purpose of social care governance. Evidence-based practice tells us that this is best achieved by teams reflecting in a structured way on the service they currently provide and then on how it could be developed. Social care is in the process of changing working methods, organisational systems and culture to achieve the range of intentions around creating a more personalised care for older people in our regions social care system. For example Personal budgets comprise funding from different agencies whilst individual budgets just comprise...
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...Hawthorne experiments are as follows: 1. Illumination Experiments 2. Relay Assembly Test Room Experiments 3. Mass Interviewing Programme 4. Bank Wiring Observation Room Experiment. 1. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in illumination on productivity, illumination experiments, 1924-27. 2. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in hours and other working conditions on productivity, relay assembly test room experiments, 1927-28; 3. Conducting plant-wide interviews to determine worker attitudes and sentiments, mass interviewing programme, 1928-30; and 4. Determination and analysis of social organisation at work, bank wiring observation room experiments, 1931-32. 1. Illumination Experiments: Illumination experiments were undertaken to find out how varying levels of illumination (amount of light at the workplace, a physical factor) affected the productivity. The hypothesis was that with higher illumination, productivity will increase. In the first series of experiments, a group of workers was chosen and placed in two separate groups. One group was exposed to varying intensities of illumination. Since this group was subjected to experimental changes, it was termed as experimental group. Another group, called as control group, continued to work under constant intensities of illumination. The researchers found that as they increased the illumination in the experimental group, both groups increased production. When the intensity of illumination decreased, the production...
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...the Social Worker in the 21st Century – A Literature Review THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL WORKER IN THE 21ST CENTURY A LITERATURE REVIEW ‘Indeed we have only the most general ideas of what we are trying to produce, what constitutes the essential skill of the social worker, and consequently still more varied ideas as to how to set about it’ (Younghusband, 1959, p.28). Professor Stewart Asquith Dr Chris Clark Professor Lorraine Waterhouse University of Edinburgh The views expressed in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Scottish Executive or any other organisation(s) by which the author(s) is/are employed. The Scottish Executive is making this research report available on-line in order to provide access to its contents for those interested in the subject. The Executive commissioned the research but has not exercised editorial control over the report. This web only report is accompanied by "Insight 25: The Role of the Social Worker in the 21st Century" also in web only format. Both reports are published by Information and Analytical Services Division, Scottish Executive Education Department, Victoria Quay, Edinburgh, EH6 6QQ. If you have any enquiries about these reports please contact the Dissemination Officer on 0131-244-0316. These reports were commissioned by the 21st Century Social Work Review Group to inform their work. Copies of this full report had already been released on the 21st Century Social Work...
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...count: 3093) Social Sciences for Social Work (SWK 2012) : Examine the meaning of the concept of social exclusion and discuss how social work may respond to the reality of social exclusion. The paper will look at ‘what is social exclusion’ and demonstrate how various groups and individuals are affected by it. It will further examine ‘what is social work’, its tasks and how these address social exclusion. This paper cannot examine all aspects of social exclusion, but will use examples of where social work is relevant in dealing with the issue. This paper looks at social work practice in particular in addressing issues arising from; poverty, unemployment, social policy and social work practice in relation to the social exclusion of people with a mental illness and or learning disability and the conflicting demands for preventative work with statutory responsibilities. Ruth Levitas (2010) quoting Duffy (1995) and the Social Exclusion Unit (1997) argues that the definition of social exclusion is vague but refers to possible definitions as the 'inability to participate effectively in economic, social, political and cultural life, alienation and distance from the mainstream society'. and as 'a shorthand label for what can happen when individuals or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown'. Banks (1995) states that social work is a difficult...
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...essay is to discuss the new global definition of social work, to assess the background of this research and to highlight the implications of this new definition to social work practice and development in Zambia and Africa at large. To begin with, the new definition will be given and explained then a discussion of its background and implications will be made. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn. The new definition hopes to address three major criticisms of the prior definition. It attempts to be more inclusive of indigenous knowledge, to be less biased towards Western ideals of individualism and change, and instead to encompass collectivity, continuity and cohesion. Lastly, it endeavors to emphasize social work’s involvement in theory and research and its capacity as an academic discipline, in addition to its practical application. The links also include commentary and explanation for each aspect of the definition’s wording and the mandates, principles, knowledge and practice that undergird the social work profession (Kanyowa 1999) Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge’s, social work engages people and structures to address life...
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...paper on anything we went over in this social work class I reviewed the notes to decide what I would like to write about. I was not sure, since we covered so much in this class and I have learned a lot about Social Work from the history of social work to how the profession is today and all the different fields that a Social Worker might work in today. However I ultimately decided to write about the area of Social work that interests me the most. It is also something that I feel I have had some experience in working with. So I chose to write about the concept of Social Justice and the social worker. So let’s first take a look at the definition of Social Justice in chapter 4 of our book it defines Social Justice. However I would like to sum it up in my own words Justice simply stated means fairness and equality. So that everyone has the same opportunities for empowerment. I do not want to be the type of Social worker who is here to fix people or take care of other people. I am not interested in being someone’s babysitter or care giver. I do think it is part of the job of a good Social worker to advocate on behalf of others when we see injustices present, not to fight for the individual with an issue of injustice but rather to fight alongside of them. This is why I like the idea of Social Justice the idea of empowering others to make the changes they need in their own lives and how to work not only each individual person but on changes that can help the greater good of the most...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Table of Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Introduction 3 3 Relating Emotions and Identity and Change 4 3.1 Emotions and Identity connection 4 3.2 Continuous Change Challenges Identities 5 3.3 Identity Work and Emotion in Change 6 3.4 Organizational change and Emotions 7 4. Counter Productive Emotion Management 8 4.1 Display Rules 8 4.2 Change Roles and Obligations 9 4.3 Interpersonal Influence 9 5. Guidelines for managing emotions during change 9 6. Discussion 10 7. Conclusion 11 8. References 12 Abstract Change is endemic. It is rapid, and often has significant implications. Change has become the norm rather than the exception, leading organizations through fundamental change processes still poses a major challenge to management. Emotional reactions are often viewed as one of the obstacles to successful change. In this paper I re-conceptualize the emotional experience of change through an identity lens, guided by the question of how and why organizational changes tend to be experienced emotionally. Firstly, I argue that continuous organizational changes are experienced emotionally. Secondly, I view identity as constructed from experiences relating a person to his/her world. I argue that organizational change alters such relationships which form our identity. And third I assume that as outcome of such disruptive changes, individuals engage in identity work in...
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...This work is going to set out to investigate the relevance of feminist approaches to social work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) “Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression”. It is necessary to explain the different types of feminism that are present in society first. Freedman (2001:5) states that there are many different strands of feminism present in society, but the three most commonly recognised are liberal feminism, Marxist feminism and radical feminism, her explanation of these are as follows. Liberal feminism is based on the idea that everyone within a state should have the same rights and women should be treated equally to men. Marxist feminism is based on the belief that women’s maltreatment is linked back to capitalism. Radical feminists believe that men’s authority over women has a connection with patriarchy. The above explanation has been a brief introduction to the different types of feminism present in society. At a later stage within in this work, it will be examined what effect feminism has had on social work and...
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