...Rogers’ view regarding personality development is the idea of self-concept. According to Rogers, self-concept is the most vital character of personality. Self-concept is defined as "the organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself". It includes all the thoughts, feelings and beliefs. The self is who we really are as a person. It is our inner personality that is influenced by our life experiences and our interpretations from those experiences. The two main sources that affect and influence our self-concept are experiences we had from our childhood and the evaluation of other people. Rogers’ humanistic approach states that the self-concept has three components: 1. Self-Worth/Self-Esteem: This is what and how we think about ourselves. Self-worth is developed in the early stages of childhood and formed based on the interaction the child has had with his or her parents. Self-worth does not necessarily have to reflect reality. 2. Self-Image: This is how we see ourselves and includes our perception of our body image and inner personality. Self-image has a profound effect on how a person thinks, how he or she feels, and how to behave in this world. 3. Ideal self – This is the idealized version of ourselves created out of what we have learned from our life experiences, the demands of society, and role models whom we admire. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is always changing. Congruence and Incongruence Rogers believed that people...
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...in the repression of emotions. Love is an important emotion to aid our survival, particularly from those that are around us with whom we depend upon for survival. He argued that in infancy we developed positive, self- regard and needed this in order to survive. Carl Rogers Theory of the self-concept Carl Rogers theory of the concept of self relates to the individuals perception or image of themselves which is based on life experience. So if a child’s first experiences are negative, Rogers believed it likely that by the time they became an adult, the child would have a poor self-concept. The theory includes the organismic self (or self-actualising tendency) and self-concept. The organismic self is with us from birth and strives to mature and achieve self-actualisation. The self-concept is acquired in early childhood, it is shaped by positive attitudes we receive from important others (usually parents). The self-concept usually comes into play due to secondary needs, positive regard from others and positive self-regard. An example of positive regard from others would be of a parent not paying much attention to their child telling them about their day, but as soon as the child mentions they gain high marks in a maths exam they look up and ask questions. Positive self-regard is an internalised version of the previous example. Rogers developed a warm and caring regard for his clients, letting them speak without reacting then solely reflecting feelings back to the client. ‘’good...
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...may affect the development of self- esteem. This essay will be discussing factors which may affect the development of self- esteem. The main topics that will be looked at are, the growth promoting climate, the looking glass self, self-actualisation, ego identity and constructing of self. . Carl Rogers’ person-centred approach to change and understanding personality and human relationships is focused on demonstrating the conditions required for enabling a growth-promoting climate and the tendency, creativity and empowerment of people to achieve their highest potential. The approach provides the conditions for a growth-promoting climate, a relationship that enables people to discover the capacity to use it for growth and change, it is a relationship that doesn’t position itself from a perspective of “how can I treat or cure, fix or change this person?”, instead from a place of “how can I provide a relationship which this person may use for their own individual growth?”. (PCA York’s 2006) The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Cooley clarified that society is an interweaving and inter-working of mental selves. There are three main components of the looking-glass self which are: We imagine how we...
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...The Self Judith James University of Phoenix Social Psychology/PSYCH 555 Glorivy Arce April 10, 2014 The Self “Identity is part of drama to me. Who am I, why am I behaving this way, and am I aware of it?”- American writer, Matthew Weiner (Brainy Quotes, n.d.). Most people are like Weiner, we ask ourselves “Who am I?” and our reply will usually be a description of our outside self, our personality traits, and the role we have in life. “The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives themselves” (McLeod, 2008, para. 1). However, there is more to the concept of self, and how an individual develops the concept of self. Included in the aspect of self is the relationship between the person and his or her emotions, which affect a person’s self-esteem. How one presents themselves to others involves the relationship between the self and his or her behavior; a certain degree of a person’s self-presentation will also affect one’s concept of self. “A conceptual definition of the self includes the body, the inner self, the interpersonal self, and the collective self” (Fiske, 2010, p. 185). While the concept of self develops from the time of birth, it is a slow process simply because as a child one is concerned about how he or she fits into the world around them. A child will develop self through learning what he or she likes, or does not like; such as enjoying being outside, or preferring to be naked instead of wearing...
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...Personal Reflection on the Self Marshawn Metters PSY400 Monday, October 21st, 2013 Instructor Ami Taharka Personal Reflection The concept of self is a very intriguing subject in which many different psychologists as well as sociologist have spent a great deal of time in an attempt to define what the self means to each individual separately. Each and every individual share different ideas on what they believe about self and how it helps produce their whole being. The concept of self often deals with the past and the future, considering how an individual used to be as well as what an individual would like to be. The study of self often times will shine light upon an individual looking to the world for understanding, hopes, and fears of how to interact, what to expect, as well as what that individual believes the world thinks they should act or be. This paper will allow me to share personal experience that have played a part in my own social development as well as define self concept, self esteem, and self efficacy. The Self The term self-concept is defined as a person’s answer to the question, “Who am I?” (Myers, 2010). The self exposes how an individual may perceive who he or she really is. The concept of self defines the roles and often times the attributes in which an individual see when looking in at oneself. A basic explanation of self derives from social interaction; social interaction guides an individual’s actions and behaviors. My grandmother said to me as...
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...individual has a tendency of actualizing themselves. He also looks at the individual’s interaction with others and how he or she is valued by them, as well as how they value themselves (Hergenhahn, 1994). There are key concepts that Rogers uses in his theory. This essay will explain these concepts and apply them to the movie “Precious”. As a humanistic psychologist, Carl Rogers agreed with Abraham Maslow’s main assumption, particularly the hierarchy of needs. However, he added that for growth and development and self-actualization to be possible, a person needs an environment which is conducive and has genuineness, acceptance, and empathy (Macleod, 2014). Rogers believed that "[t]he organism has one basic tendency and striving - to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism” (Rogers as cited in MacLeod, 2008). Essentially, Rogers argued that every person has the potential to self- actualize, given a nurturing environment. The self- actualizing tendency is Rogers’ master motive. Self-actualizing tendency Rogers maintains that individuals have an inherent tendency to reach their fullest potential, and that this tendency can be suppressed during a person's life but it can never be destroyed (Herganhahn (1994). This tendency is termed the self-actualizing tendency. Again Herganhahn (1994) points out that while living under dire circumstances, there are people who not only survive, but thrive. This is evident...
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...SELF CONCEPT The self-concept is the accumulation of knowledge about the self, such as beliefs regarding personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles. Beginning in infancy, children acquire and organize information about themselves as a way to enable them to understand the relation between the self and their social world. This developmental process is a direct consequence of children's emerging cognitive skills and their social relationships with both family and peers. During early childhood, children's self-concepts are less differentiated and are centered on concrete characteristics, such as physical attributes, possessions, and skills. During middle childhood, the self-concept becomes more integrated and differentiated as the child engages in social comparison and more clearly perceives the self as consisting of internal, psychological characteristics. Throughout later childhood and adolescence, the self-concept becomes more abstract, complex, and hierarchically organized into cognitive mental representations or self-schemas, which direct the processing of self-relevant information. Understanding your self-concept It is the understanding and knowledge you have of your own existence. It is how you see yourself in relation to others and to your surroundings. To have a positive or healthy self-concept you must: Know yourself Love yourself Be True to yourself In order to meet the challenges of today's complicated...
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...Week #2 – The Self Paper How does one define the concept of self and encompass all of the different elements that exist within us? People define themselves with thoughts of their individual personality, such as humorous, thoughtful, etc. The concept of self does have an impact on a person’s self esteem and how they present themselves. This author will define all of these within this paper. Concept of Self Who am I? This is the question of the century. People do some individual soul searching to help answer this question and yet it is ever evolving. “The self concept is how we think about and evaluate ourselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. Baumeister (1999) provides the following self concept definition: "the individual's belief about himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is". (McLeod, 2008) These can consist of personality traits, monetary possessions, education, history and physical characteristics. Individual development of Self-Concept A person develops their own individual self’s to fit who they want to be as much, as who they are. Often times, we base our own individual opinions of ourselves based on the perception of others. Take for example, how one might describe their own individual self on a dating site. They would pick the best attributes of themselves, such as good cook, high powered lawyer, and they use this is defining who they are as a person. This is what the public...
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...Belonging Critical Essay “Belonging to a community or group has a significant impact on an individual’s sense of self” Introduction Individuals desire a sense of belonging within various groups in the community to engage with others in an enriching and meaningful way. Displacement from a community, culture or family can have a significant impact on individuals’ sense of self and where he truly belongs. Peter Skryzynecki’s poems, “Feliks Skrzynecki” and “Migrant Hostel” explore the effects of displacement due to migration and the consequential lack of identity and place. Bruce Dawe’s poem “Enter without so much as knocking” and an image from Shaun Tan’s book “The Arrival” explores various aspects of belonging suggesting that belonging to a place is central to an individual’s identity and sense of security. Feliks Skrzynecki ‘Feliks Skrzynecki” explores the hardships experienced by migrants growing up in Australia. Skrzynecki highlights the underlying idea of Peter’s difficulty in trying to accept his inherent Polish culture, which is evident in the third stanza “His polish friends always shook hands too violently…I never got used to” while at the same time unconsciously assimilating to a new civilized Western culture. Skrzynecki utilizes an extended metaphor of Hadrian’s Wall; “Watched me pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrian’s Wall” to epitomize the confusion and choice surrounding Peter in the ethics and values of each culture to which he must choose. Peter...
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...ENTRY Authors: Azizi Yahaya, Jamaludin Ramli, Yusof Boon, Mohammed Najib Abd Ghaffar, Zurihanmi Zakariya Copyright: 2009 Title of the article: Relationship between Self Concepts and Personality and Students’ Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools Url: http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_11_2_11.pdf Online Journal: European Journal of Social Sciences Yahaya, A., Ramli, J., Boon, Y., Ghaffar, M.N.A., & Zakariya, Z. (2009). Relationship between self concepts and personality and students’ academic performance in selected secondary schools. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11. Retrieved from http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_11_2_11.pdf ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the self-concept and personality of students with academic achievement. The sample consists of 270 students from six secondary schools were chosen by using stratified randomly method in Kluang, Johor. The pilot study was done in order to determine the reliability and suitability of the questionnaires. Meanwhile Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaires. The reliability value of Cronbach Alpha for the whole set of questionnaires used was 0.8432. The questionnaire for self-concept was modified from Tennessee Self-concept Scale that was created by Fitts (1971). Meanwhile the questionnaire for personality was modified from the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (JEPI) that was created by...
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...for early adolescents, as they will be experiencing many changes throughout the journey of determining who they are and creating their own sense of self. Identity achievement comes from many years of exploring different roles and personalities. (Santrock 2011 p. 141) Adolescents can change their attitudes and personalities almost daily. When a person is transferring from childhood to adolescence, it is very likely that they will face many challenges and run into a lot of conflicts. Teenage years are, I believe, some of the hardest times of a person’s life. There are many factors involved, which can have a great impact on identity formation. Parents are important figures in the adolescent’s development of identity (Cooper 2011). Although parental influence might not be as strong during the teenage years, it plays a significant role on shaping a person’s characteristic, providing them with a firm life script throughout their childhood. As a mother of two teenagers and of course being a teenager once myself, I absolutely believe a parents can be very influential in the development of an adolescent’s identity. To have supportive, loving parents to help guide you through all the chaos that being a teen brings, to me, is invaluable. My mom was none of that, and I can see how it negatively affected me. To this day it affects me. My self-esteem isn’t the greatest. I second-guess myself quite often, wonder if I’m doing the right thing, making the right decisions, being the best mom,...
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...PCB 3053 : CAREER COUNSELING Course Leader: Ms Sabariah Siron COURSE NOTES TOPIC 3: SUPER’S LIFE-SPAN, LIFE-SPACE THEORY 1.0 INTRODUCTION • People differ in their abilities and personalities, needs, values, interest, traits and self-concept. • People are qualified, by virtue of these characteristics, each for a number of occupations. • Each occupations requires a characteristic pattern of abilities and personality traits- with tolerences wide enough to allow both some variety of occupations for each individual and some variety of individuals in each occupation. • Vocational preferences and competencies, the situations in which people live and work, and, hence their self-concept change with time and experience, although self-concepts, as product of sosial learning, are increasingly stable from late adolescence untul late maturity providing some continuity in choice and adjustment. • This process of change may be summed up in a series of life stages characterized as a sequence of growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline, and these stages may in turn be subdivided into (a) the fantasy, tentative, and realisatisic phases of the exploratory stage and (b) the trial and stable phases of the establishment stage. A small cycle takes place in transitions from one stage to the next or each time an individual is destabilized by a reduction in force, change in type or personnel needs, illness or injury, or other socioeconomic...
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...Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Foreign Literature: The Internet now is a very important tool that proves useful to many of us humans. But the vastness of the internet proves that there are some sectors of the internet that may give ‘negative effects to those who would use lt. But of course, as we all know the internet is also used for many productive and helpful uses. Dokoupil (2012) stated that majority of the human race use the internet and the devices used to access it But with the rising population of users it would be fairly obvious that we are slowly evolving into and age of smart people but even smarter machines. It could be a relatively symptoms of psychosis. Wherein we are consumed by the constantly evolving machines. As people observed in the internet, many stay indoors for longer periods loitering about surfing the net. Message boards and social networking sites often have users that stay logged- in for more than ten hours. Based on a recent internet survey, we see that the majority of people speend most of their time in front of computer screen Now relating it to psychosis. Psychosis is a mental disorder wherein we lose touch reality varying in two forms, delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs about what is taking place of who one is. Because of prolonged isolation some frequent intern users tend to develop symptoms of psychosis, hearing voices, seeing things, depression… etcetera. That’s why most...
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...18 Jan 2015 THREE ELEMENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT When you begin a puzzle, most of us start working on the border pieces before beginning the process of putting the inside pieces together. Without that foundation the inside pieces would not hold together correctly. I see myself as this puzzle. Although I am not completely broken, I am still looking for those last few pesky pieces of the border that take forever to find. Physically I know that I am overweight, however I do not let that define who I am. This is a challenging process and through each piece found, I have learned that I am a survivor and who I am. I am learning what my personality is, and not what others think I should be. I am discovering my inner voice and that it is okay for me to speak my mind, to have an opinion. So I can look at you today and honestly say that the woman who sits before you today is not the same woman who sat before you even yesterday. As each piece of the puzzle is placed together, this beautiful scene starts to take shape. I do not have a picture of what I want my “ideal” self to be at this point in time. I want to continue on this path of discovery. I am not worried about losing weight or being the super model everyone else wants to be, or what society portrays as perfection. I look in the mirror and I see who I am today, knowing where I was before, I am comfortable with myself. Maybe, as I complete my puzzle, I will have an idea of what my ideal self will be, but for now, I am content...
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...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Ball & Bindler,2003). | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt (Ball & Bindler,2003). | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority (Ball & Bindler,2003). | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | The toddler’s sense of autonomy or independence is shown by controlling body excretions, saying no when asked to do something, and directing motor activity. Children who are consistently criticized for expressions of autonomy of for lack of control-for example, during toilet training-will develop a sense of shame about themselves and doubt in their abilities (Ball & Bindler,2003). When a toddler dosent feels well they are able to say they are sick. Health management is dependent on the caregiver. Brushing teeth and washing hands are basic health promotional activities that a toddler can perform at the direction of a parent. Toddlers are poor historians of health screenings. Few toddler teeth are present at this stage. Proper care is needed to avoid dental carries. At risk for poor health maintenance if parents lack...
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