...Cost Accounting Tabitha Smith ACC 310 Christine Errico January 12, 2011 Cost Accounting What is cost accounting? Cost accounting as referred to as managerial accounting is a system of accounting used specifically by managers (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 6). Cost accounting measures, records and reports information about costs to help managers to form a well informed decisions for an organization (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 6). Cost accounting methods and their use, budgets including discipline, construction, and elements, and variance analysis are important aspects of cost accounting as a whole, which is an important tool for a successful organization. The main goal of cost accounting is to help managers to maximize value within their organization (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 3). One of the fundamental services of cost accounting is to provide information to the manager to guide them to make effective valuable decisions (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 3). An essential objective of cost accounting is to create an effective value chain (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 4). A value chain is a set of activities in which raw materials are converted into goods and services for consumers to purchase (Lanen, Anderson, & Maher, 2011, p. 4). An organization is responsible to coordinate with their vendors and suppliers along with their distributors and customers to accomplish their objective (Lanen, Anderson...
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...Primates (Primates) Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Ed. Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans, Jerome A. Jackson, Devra G. Kleiman, James B. Murphy, Dennis A. Thoney, et al. Vol. 14: Mammals III. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2004. p1-12. Robert D. Martin Appendix Suborder | Infraorder | Superfamily | Family | Subfamily | Prosimii (prosimians) | Lemuriformes | Lemuroidea (lemurs) | Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs) | | | | | Lemuridae | Lemurinae (true lemurs) | | | | Lepilemurinae (sportive lemurs) | | | | | Indriidae (indris) | | | | | Daubentoniidae (aye-aye) | | | Lorisiformes | Lorisoidea | Lorisidae | Lorisinae | | Tarsiiformes | Tarsioidea | Tarsiidae (tarsiers) | | Anthropoidea (anthropoids) | | | | | | Platyrrhini | Ceboidea (New World monkeys) | Cebidae | Cebinae (e.g., capuchins, squirrel monkeys) | | | | | Aotinae (e.g., owl monkeys) | | | | | Atelinae (e.g., spider monkeys) | | | | | Alouattinae (e.g., howler monkeys) | | | | | Pithecinae (e.g., saki, uakari) | | | | | Callimiconinae (e.g., callimico) | | | | Callitrichidae (e.g., tamarins, marmosets) | | | Catarrhini | Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys) | Cercopithecidae | Cercopithecinae (e.g., macaques, guenons, vervets) | | | | | Colobinae (e.g., colobus, langurs) | | | Hominoidea (apes and humans) | Hylobatidae | Hylobatinae (e.g., gibbons and siamangs) | | | | Pongidae | Ponginae (great...
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...could hold them back or their misbehavior, they begin to fall from the floor of civilization and order to the abyss of chaos. Golding portrays this novel with an exploring eye for details and natural images. No one shall ignore the brilliant descriptions Golding made through out the whole book. “A great platform of pink granite thrust up uncompromisingly through forest and terrace and sand and lagoon to make a raised jetty four feet high(chap 1)”, ”Here and there, little breeze crept over the polished waters beneath the haze of heat(chap3)”, “The great rock loitered, poised on one toe, decided not to return, moved through the air, fell, struck, turned over, leapt droning through the air and smashed a deep hole in the canopy of the forest(chap5)”.These pictorial wilderness not only...
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...Cignet Plastic Corporation James Cooke Cignet Plastic Corporation Business processes are supposed to run smoothly, particularly when the processes occur continually. Nevertheless, in this case, a model airplane plastic die cast producer Cignet Plastics Corporation is experiencing issues in production. Their products appear to be lacking in quality with an increase in defects. The corporation’s quality assurance department immediately began a process audit. Unfortunately, the evaluation did not find any specific change to the process. Quality assurance proposes the rise in defects is from a discrepancy in an assignable cause. The result from the audit is causing Cignet Plastics president immense perplexity and discord. The president has called in McAfee Business Consultations to investigate the audit results, to determine if changes to the process are necessary, and to suggest an approach to return operations to normal. In addition, the consultant will review, the value of managers employing process thinking in finding solutions for quality concerns, the tools the consultant chose to disclose the information, and the reasons for the selection of the tools. President Information: Initially the president of Cignet Plastic Corporation adamantly sought to have an immediate process change. At the outset, McAfee’s consultant considers an immediate process change as a possible financial and quality detriment to the corporation. To manage the change process, one first...
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...METODE NUMERIK INTEGRAL NUMERIK http://maulana.lecture.ub.ac.id Definisi mengintegrasikan = memadukan bersama = menjumlahkan total f(x) f(x) b f (x )dx a a b x Mengapa ada integrasi numerik? Karena integrasi numerik digunakan untuk menyelesaikan integral yang sulit diselesaikan secara analitik Jenis integral Numerik Newton-Cotes Trapesium Simpson Romberg Fox-Romberg Gauss-Legendre Gauss-Chebyshev Gauss-Hermite Double Exponential Definisi Contoh : x 2 e 2 x 1 x 1 dx 0 2 sulit diselesaikan secara analitis (dengan teori kalkulus yang ada) Cara Penyelesaian Melalui pendekatan kurva x f(x) 0 ..... 0,25 ..... 0,5 ..... 0,75 ..... ..... ..... 2 ..... Semakin kecil selang, hasil semakin teliti karena semakin besar selang, kesalahan semakin besar Cara Penyelesaian Alternatif pemecahan (jika tidak dengan penyelesaian analitis) Memplot grafik tersebut pada kertas berpetak segi empat (dijumlah luas setiap kotak) Membuat segmen-segmen vertikal (mirip diagram batang), menjumlah (luas setiap segmen vertikal). Integrasi numerik Integrasi Newton Cotes Perhitungan integrasi numerik yang paling umum adalah formula Newton Cotes. Strategi dari formula ini adalah mengganti yang rumit atau data yang hilang dengan beberapa fungsi aproksimasi yang mudah diintegrasikan. Integrasi Newton...
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...Business Strategy and Operating Environment Veronica A. Todd Strayer University Dr. Sheila Monjeau Letica BUS530- Human Resource Management October 27, 2009 There are many definitions for corporate strategy, but the one that would apply to our discussion regarding Wal-mart’s operating environment is: Approach to the future that involves (1) examination of the current and anticipated factors associated with customers and competitors (external environment) and the firm itself (internal environment), (2) envisioning a new or effective role for the firm in a creative manner, and (3) aligning practices, and resources to realize that vision. (BusinessDictionary, 2009, para.1) The Human Resource Department plays a vital role in any company’s operation, not just in the every day hiring and firing of employees, but in the planning and implementation of new ventures/expansion for the company. Discussion Wal-Mart has built their success in utilizing the Cost Leadership Strategy. This operating strategy has been proven to be successful for Wal-Mart because the Wal-Mart customer feels that they are getting their money’s worth for the product they purchased. Wal-Mart has built their business around three simple beliefs and values “(1) Respect for the individual (2) Service to our Customers (3) striving for excellence”. (Wal-mart Stores, Inc.2009, para.1) To accomplish this, the Human Resource department is vital to Wal-Mart’s success because of its internal and external...
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...Johnson & Johnson Quality Management System Debbie Marshall GM588 Sunnid7296@comcast.net February 19, 2012 Introduction Johnson & Johnson (J & J) is a global pharmaceutical, medical device and home care product manufacturer that was founded in 1886. Johnson & Johnson has over 250 subsidiary companies operating in over 57 countries employing approximately 116,000 people. They sell varying products in over 175 countries worldwide and pharmaceutical sales alone for 2008 were approx. $24 billion. These products include various well known household brands such as Tylenol, Motrin, Band Aid, Johnson’s baby products, various health and beauty products. Johnson & Johnson has always been known for their diversification, with separate divisions for consumer health & personal care product including women’s, baby, and oral as well as nutritional and over the counter products. The medical device and diagnostics division focuses on various surgical products, diabetes care, sports medicine, cardiovascular and diagnostics. The Pharma division has a variety of areas that they represent including: cardiovascular, immunology, oncology, pain management, gastrointestinal and many others. Unfortunately, in the last few years Johnson & Johnson has been plagued by numerous recall and quality control issues within their McNeil division. These quality issues range from bottle design, dropper leakage to metal shavings appearing in products such as Sudafed,...
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...TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Everyone has had experiences of poor quality of services or even products when dealing business organization. These experiences might involve an airline that has lost a passenger’s luggage, dealing with the dry cleaner that left the clothes with stained without washing it again, or buying defective items in the supermarket. That is why quality has certain value in the customer as it gives satisfaction for them. A frequently used definition of quality is “Delighting the customer by fully meeting their needs and expectations”. These may include performance, appearance, availability, delivery, reliability, maintain ability, cost effectiveness and price. It is, therefore, imperative that the organisation knows what these needs and expectations are. In addition, having identified them, the organisation must understand them, and measure its own ability to meet them. Moreover, making quality a priority means putting customer needs first. It means meeting and exceeding customer expectations by involving everyone in the organization through an integrated effort. TQM which is Total Quality Management is defined as “A management approach that centers on meeting customer requirements by achieving continuous improvement in products (Langfield, 2009). Besides that, according to Reid and Sanders, 2010, TQM is “An integrated effort designed to improve quality performance at every level of the organization”. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization...
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...Gabriella Rosellinny – 14111015 Working Across Border Assignment Culture The word culture is not a foreign word to people in this world as wherever they are and whatever they do, they will always find culture in their house, their surroundings and maybe around the world. But really, what is culture? According to Moran, Harrin and Moran in Managing Culture Differences (2011, pg. 10), culture is a distinctly human means of adapting to circumstances and transmitting this surviving skill and knowledge to the following generations. It gives people a sense of who they are, of belonging, of how they should behave and of what they should be doing. Culture also impacts behavior, morale and productivity at work and includes standards and patterns that influence the attitudes and actions of a company. Culture is stated to be changing but very slow in motion. Based on the definition above, culture can be pointed as the ultimate source of human conflict as there are many cultures which are adapted in this world and these different cultures resulted to different types of politics, economics, ideologies, arts, beliefs an etc. If people, businesses and countries have the same culture, they will get along and come together. However, if they have different culture, they will not manage well together and possibly have a conflict as they all think that they are standing on what is right and the other parties are wrong. As a global person who works across border, one should understand...
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...Chap 1: A system is a set of steps (process) put together to accomplish a task. An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.Types of IS : A transaction processing system (TPS): captures and processes data about business transactions. A management information system (MIS): provides for management-oriented reporting based on other computer systems. A decision support system (DSS): provides information to help make decisions. An expert system: captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of nonexperts. A communications and collaboration system: enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.An office automation system: supports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers. Systems analyst – a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business. Chap2 : Information systems architecture - a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Knowledge (ERD), process (UML) and communication (Interface). Chap3 :...
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...1. CASE SUMMARY Androids is an audit firm which provides audit and consulting services to their clients. Androids & Co started in 1913 when Arthur and Clarence, both from the audit firm of Price, bought out a small audit firm in Illinois to form Arthur, Clarence & Co, which became Androids & Co in 1918. Arthur Androids, who is the founder, headed the firm of Androids & Co until his death in 1945. He was a passionate supporter of high standards in the accounting industry. In 1945, Leonardo Sparky, who handled Androids at the founder’s death, continued this emphasis on honesty. For all these years, Android’s motto was “Think Straight, Talk Straight”. David Lawrence joined Androids twenty years ago and earned a salary of USD 700,000 per annum. David is Androids’ partner and auditor who are responsible in auditing Enronaa’s account since 1987. Enronaa is a client of Androids for the past 16 years. David is one of the Androids’ partners who are responsible to check on Enronaa’s account and to ensure that they fairly representing the state of the business. The issues arise when there are evidences suggesting that Androids assisted Enronaa to sort of increase reported returns of off-balance sheet activities by units called raptors. In addition, the second issue that arises in Enronaa is many off-book partnerships were not properly accounted for. From this issue, David stated that millions in debts and losses had to be reflected in Enronaa’s books. David also confessed...
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...Total Quality Management History: The concept of quality can be seen in ancient civilization. Egyptian Pyramids and the Great Wall of China are the evidences from history. The concept of total quality was started back in 1920’s. In 1940, statistical techniques were used to check quality. In 1960 quality management became broader in meaning. In past decades quality management was limited to the production process but now quality control is concept taken as something to be applied in every line of business. Introduction: TQM is management approach to integrate all management activities or organizational function (engineering, finance, customer service, design, marketing, and production, etc.) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives by delivering high-quality products and services. TQM is a method in which management and employees work in the same line for continuous improvements in goods and services to meet customer expectation and to achieve organizational goals. The ultimate objective of TQM is to minimize defects. The Competition based on quality has grown up in recent years. Companies are focusing on quality improvement in every line of business in order to be more competitive. Companies who do not focus on quality will not survive. Companies took quality concept as a crucial to survive in the market. Features: 1-Customer Focus: The first and most important feature of TQM, on which it emphasis more is ‘Customer’. Company more focus...
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...Ryan Somma Information Systems Proposal for XYZ Hospice Table of Contents I. Organization Environment and Requirements......................................3 A. Hospice Care...................................................................................................3 B. Assumptions....................................................................................................3 II. Inputs and Outputs...........................................................................................5 A . Inputs.............................................................................................................5 B. Outputs ...........................................................................................................5 C. Distributed Objects..........................................................................................6 III. System Hardware ...........................................................................................7 A. Client Systems ................................................................................................7 B. Peripherals ......................................................................................................8 C. Server..............................................................................................................8 IV. Software .............................................................................................................9 A. Operating System........................
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...The Subcultures of Sindh by Neelam Shahbaz L13-4084 Sociology-CS Asif Humayun Qureshi 18th April,2015 Table of Contents: Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Description4 Explanation…………………………………………………………………………...…………5 Language………………………………………………………………………………………....5 Food.....................................................................................................5 Clothing.6 Buildings...............................................................................................7 Architecture.........................................................................................8 Arts and Crafts.....................................................................................8 Handicrafts...........................................................................................9 Sports...................................................................................................9 Poetry and Music................................................................................9 Specialities of Sindhi Cities....................................................................10 Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................11 References..............................................................................................12 Executive Summary This term paper mainly consists of the sub-culture of Sindh. The sub-culture of Sindh is full of colors and life. From...
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...Part I: Theoretical discussion of some concepts on Persuasion 1. Define persuasion and distinguish it from other forms of communication. Persuasion is a form of communication that involves the ability to convince others to change his/her position on a certain subject. But unlike negotiation, which suggests some degree of backing down or meeting in the middle. “Rather than compromising, as in negotiation, effective persuasion will actually convince the opposing party to abandon their previous position and embrace yours (http://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/laws_persuasion/chap1.html).” In other words, effective persuasion enables you to get other people to willingly do what you want them to do. Looking closely at the definition of Perloff (2003) “Persuasion is a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue through the transmission of a message, in an atmosphere of free choice.” The two most important component of this definition are: (1) the deliberate intention to change the attitude or behavior of another person, and (2) voluntary compliance, that is, not by force. Therefore, although persuasion is like any other form of communication such that it is a “process of stimulating meaning in the mind of another by means of a message (Putnam, 2014).” it is different from the accidental type since in the accidental form there is no intention to change attitudes or behavior but simply to transmit...
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