...Chapter 0 Notes * Windows 8: A multitasking operating system for personal computers, workstations, servers, and mobile devices. This operating system incorporates many of the latest developments in operating system technology. In addition, Windows is one of the first important commercial operating systems to rely heavily on object-oriented design principles. This book covers the technology used in the most recent versions of Windows, known as Windows 8. * Android: Android tailored for embedded devices, especially mobile phones. Focusing on the unique requirements of the embedded environment, the book provides details of Android internals. * UNIX: A multiuser operating system, originally intended for minicomputers, but implemented on a wide range of machines from powerful microcomputers to supercomputers. Several flavors of UNIX are included as examples. FreeBSD is a widely used system that incorporates many state-of-the-art features. Solaris is a widely used commercial version of UNIX. * Linux: An open-source version of UNIX that is now widely used. Web Sites for This Book Three Web sites provide additional resources for students and instructors. There is a Companion Web site for this book at http://williamstallings.com/OperatingSystems/. Chapter 1 Notes An operating system (OS) exploits the hardware resources of one or more processors to provide a set of services to system users. The OS also manages secondary memory and I/O (input/output)...
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...Chapter 1Vocabulary terms - Computer Forensics • Chain-of-custody – The route the evidence takes from initial possession until final disposition. It is also called the chain-of-evidence. • Circumstantial evidence – Indirect evidence, usually a theory, that is supported by a significant quantity of corroborating evidence. • Computer forensic science – The science of acquiring, preserving, retrieving, and presenting data that has been processed electronically and stored on computer media. • Computer forensics – Those activities associated with the identification and preservation of computer or electronic evidence in support of some official or legal action. • Data – Raw facts that can be processed by some computing device into accurate and relevant information. • Disaster recovery plan – Outlines the procedures for an organization to return to normal operations following a disaster or incident. • Electronic evidence – Data and information of some investigative value that is stored on or transmitted by an electronic device. • Forensics – Formally defined as a study or practice relating to legal proceedings or augmentation. • Hardware – Described as the physical equipment, media, and attached devices used in a computer system. This includes the computer, printers, and communication devices. • Hearsay evidence – Consists of statements made out of court by someone who is not present to testify under oath at a trial. • Latent – Is present or has potential, but is not evident...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting Information Systems Business Processes and Accounting Information Systems • Business Process: sequence of activities performed by a business for acquiring, producing, and selling goods and services o Used by accountants and others • Transaction Cycles: group related events that typically occur in a particular sequence o Acquisition (purchasing) cycle = purchasing and paying for goods or services o Conversion cycle = transforming resources acquired into goods and services o Revenue cycle = providing goods or services to customers and collecting cash • Management Information System (MIS): system that captures data about an organization, stores and maintains the data, and provides meaningful info for management • Accounting Information System (AIS) is a subset of an MIS • Data captured by the MIS are aggregated, summarized, and organized to produce information that helps an organization monitor and control business processes Scope of an Accounting Information System • AIS provides accounting and financial information, and other information obtained in the routine processing of accounting transactions • It tracks info about sales order, sales in units and dollars, cash collections, etc. • Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP): business management system that integrates all aspects of a firm’s business process Uses of AIS • Producing External Reports ...
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...Chapter 1 Lecture Notes Chapter theme: This chapter describes the larger business environment within which management accounting operates. It is divided into nine sections: (1) globalization, (2) strategy, (3) organizational structure, (4) process management, (5) the importance of ethics in business, (6) corporate governance, (7) enterprise risk management, (8) corporate social responsibility, and (9) the Certified Management Accountant. I. Globalization 1 A. Import/Export Data i. 2 Imports into the United States (in billions) 1. The data reveal an enormous increase in import activity from 1995 to 2007. In particular, imports from Canada, Mexico, and China skyrocketed. ii. Exports from the United States (in billions) 1. The data reveal an increase in exports to Canada and Mexico. Interestingly, the increase in exports to China pales in comparison to the growth rate in imports from China. iii. 4 Internet Usage 1. The internet fuels globalization by providing companies with greater access to 1 3 4 geographically dispersed customers, employees, and suppliers. 2. While the number of internet users continues to grow, as of 2008, more than 78% of the world’s population was still not connected to the Internet. This suggests the Internet’s impact on business has yet to fully develop. II. Strategy A. Definition 5 i. A strategy is a ―game plan‖ that enables a company to attract customers by distinguishing itself from competitors. B. Customer value propositions i....
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...ACC 100 - 201 Chapter 1: Accounting Communication - An Introduction (Pages 1-21, 25-26) Focus On Financial Results Canadian National Railway Company (CN) * Generated $7.9 billion in revenues; $2.2 billion in income after expenses and income taxes * Owed $5.6 billion to creditors; Assets of $23.5 billion Organization - a collection of individuals pursuing the same goal or objective. Ex: Student groups, a government, a business, a club, or a charity * Need financial information to describe the resources they hold and to support the various financial decisions they make Forms of Organizations Business Entities: * organized to earn an income (also known as profit) Sole Proprietorships - A business with a single owner * Economic Entity Concept - The assumption that a single, identifiable unit must be accounted for in all students; financial statements prepared for a business must not intermingle one's personal affairs with the affairs of the entity. * The Canada Revenue Agency does not recognize the separate existence of a proprietorship from its owner. It is not a taxable entity; any income earned by the business is taxed on the tax return of the individual. Partnerships - A business owned by two or more individuals and with the characteristic of unlimited liability. Ex: PricewaterhouseCoopers * Starting out, partners need an agreement as to how much each will contribute to the business and how they will divide the income * Not a taxable...
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...ACCT1501 Chapter 1 – Introduction to Financial Accounting Use and Preparation of Accounting * Financial accounting has value because the information it produces is used in a variety of ways. * People study accounting to learn how to use information effectively and do their jobs better. * Accounting information is produced by a large set of people, activities and computers. To be effective users of the information, people need to know how and why the information is prepared. * An accountant’s expertise is all about how and why. Financial Accounting * Accounting is a process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to allow informed decisions by the users of that information. There are two types of accounting systems: * Financial accounting systems – * This is where periodic financial statements are provided to external decision-makers (such as investors, creditors and customers, such as government, small and large businesses). * Financial accounting measures an enterprise’s performance over time and its position at a point in time. * Financial performance means generating new resources from day-to-day operations over a period of time. * Financial position is the enterprise’s set of financial resources and obligations at a point in time. * Financial statements are reports which describe financial performance and position and help to measure whether the enterprise is in a...
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...Chapter 1 – Invitation to Biology Name Bassam Farid Define BIOLOGY-- The study of life and living organisms Describe 3 Similar Characteristics of Living Organisms 1. Continual inputs of energy and the cycling of materials maintain life’s complex organization 2. Organisms sense and respond to change 3. DNA inherited from parents is the basis of growth and reproduction in all organisms List levels of Life’s organization from smallest to largest.Atom.molecule,cell,organism Understand interactions between producers, consumers, decomposers Energy comes from Nutrients and raw material from environment, and photosynthesis . List 3 important functions of DNA. 1. Grow 2. Develop 3.Reproduce Key Terms: emergent properties energy homeostasis mutation adaptive trait nature natural selection evolution Know the 3 Domains of Life for classification | | | 1.bacteria,archaea,eukaryotes | | | Compare prokaryotes versus eukaryotes--Prokaryotes one celled and Eukaryotes multicellularsdsdsdsdsdsdsPrrrsdsProkaryotes one celled and Eukaryotes multicellularProkaryotes one celled and Eukaryotes multicellularProkaryotes one celled and Eukaryotes multicellular | | | List 4 categories of eukaryotes | | | 1.Animals ...
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...efficiency or economic efficiency Pareto Improvement: If we can find a way to make some people better off without making anybody else worse off. Pareto Inefficient: If an allocation allows for a Pareto improvement Pareto Efficient: If an allocation is such that no Pareto improvements are possible Short run: Fixed supply of variable Lon run: Supply of variable can change Budget constraint: use the case of two goods. Requires that the amount of money spent on the two goods be no more than the total amount the consumer has to spend Consumption bundle: (x1,x2); tells us how much of each good the consumer is choosing to consume m; The amount the consumer has to spend Budget constraint: p1x1+p2x2 m p1x1 is amount consumer spends on good 1 p2x2 is amount consumer spends on good 2...
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...Chapter 1 1. Ideas for beyond the final exam a. How much does it really cost? i. Opportunity Costs 1. Value of the next best alternative that must be given up because of that decision. 2. Economists say that the true cost of such decisions are not the number of dollars spend on the computer, new equipment, or military, but rather the VALUE OF WHAT MUST BE GIVEN UP TO ACQUIRE THEM. 3. EXAMPLE- cost of college is more expensive add the money you could be making with a job at home, don’t add housing since you pay that either way (tuition + possible income if you weren’t working) b. Attempts to Repeal the Laws of Supply and Demand- The Market Strikes Back ii. Short Supply-Prices Rise iii. Large Quantity-Prices Fall 4. Ceiling on Price or Price Floors a. Such attempts to repeal the laws of supply and demand usually backfire and cause more problems c. Comparative Advantage iv. Even if one of them is more efficient at everything, both countries can gain by producing the things they do best COMPARATIVELY v. Even if you are better at something than someone else, the time you could be spending on what you specialize in is losing money. Do what you do best and hire someone to do the rest. d. Trade is a Win-Win Situation vi. Fundamental Idea- Both parties must expect to gain something! vii. Some things like ticket scalping...
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...Real Assets vs. Financial Assets I. Real Assets a. Land, buildings, equipment and knowledge that can be used to produce goods and services b. Generate net income to economy II. Financial Assets a. Stocks and bonds b. Claims to the income generated by real assets c. Define the allocation of income or wealth among investors d. Investor’s returns come from the income produced by the real assets that were financed by the issuance of those securities Taxonomy of Financial Assets I. Fixed-income/ Debt a. Promise fixed stream of income or a stream of income that is determined to a specified formula b. Investment performance is lease closely tied to the financial condition of the issuer c. Money market is fixed income securities that are short term, highly marketable, and generally very low risk i. Ex: US Treasury bills or bank certificates of deposit (CDs) d. Capital market range from very safe to relatively risky i. Treasury bonds and bonds issued by federal agencies, state and local municipalities, and corporations II. Equity a. Represents and ownership share in the corporation b. Payments are not promised, dividends may be paid c. Value will increase if firm is successful, performance is tied directly to success of firm and its real assets- tend to be riskier III. Derivative securities (options and futures contracts) a. Provide payoffs that are determined by the prices of other assets such as bond or stock prices b. Used to hedge risks or transfer them Financial...
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...Chapter 1 Overview of the 21st century workplace - Organizations must adapt to rapidly changing society > like in 2003 there was so wireless but now its changing now most of the business rely on wireless communication - Economy is global and driven by innovation and technology > you need new original ideas (innovative) High performing companies gain extraordinary results from people working for them Interdependent, knowledge based > Depend on each other as a part of organization Study question 1 what are the challenges of working in the new economy > intellcutual capital people are the ultimate foundations of orgzanitional performances intellcutual capital is the collective brain power or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value A knowledge worker adds to Globalization . National boundaries of world business have largely dissappeared . globalizations is the worldwide interdependence of resource flows,product markets and business competition that characterisitv that characterize the new company Technology . Continuing transformation of the modern workplace throughout > the internet (having social network websites to market product) > worldwide web (exchange of stocks) > computers > information technology .Increasing demand for the knowledge workers with the skills to fully utilize technology Diversity: >workforce diversity reflects differences with respect to gender , age, race, ethnicity, religion,sexual orientation...
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...CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Networking Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: ■ What are the requirements for an Internet connection? What are the major components of a personal computer (PC)? What procedures are used to install and troubleshoot network interface cards (NICs) and modems? What basic testing procedures are used to test the Internet connection? What are the features of web browsers and plug-ins? ■ What are the Base 2, Base 10, and Base 16 number systems? How do you perform 8-bit-binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-8-bit-binary conversions? How do you perform simple conversions between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers? How are IP addresses and network masks represented in binary form? How are IP addresses and network masks represented in decimal form? ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary: Internet page 4 page 4 parallel port serial port page 10 page 10 enterprise network Internet service provider (ISP) page 6 personal computers (PCs) page 7 page 8 mouse port page 10 keyboard port page 10 Universal Serial Bus (USB) port expansion slots page 10 page 11 page 10 central processing unit (CPU) random-access memory (RAM) page 9 disk drive page 9 hard disk page 9 network interface card (NIC) video card page 11 input/output devices (I/O) page 9 motherboard memory chip page...
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...In Cold Blood: notes Chapter 1: The Last To See Them Alive Summary The story is set out in the late 1950’s, introducing the Clutter family on the 15th November the day of their death. The day of their death and the characters themselves are told through eye witness accounts of their neighbourhood friends who spent time with them before the murder. We are introduced to the family members individually, finding out there is 6 members overall. The father of the family, Herb Clutter is a well-respected man, spending his time running a ranch and supervising his employees. He is a good employer, paying good wages, but he doesn’t allow anyone who drinks or keeps alcohol to work for him. His daughter, Nancy Clutter is a sweetheart in their neighbourhood, parents and children always asking for favours, and Nancy being very selfless always making time for everyone. She has long been dating a town boy, Bobby Rupp, but doesn’t think it will lead anywhere in the long term. Bonnie Clutter is the mother of the family; she suffers from bouts of post natal depression after having 4 children. She is miserable and often can’t ground herself, leaving her husband and daughter to look after and run the household. Kenyon Clutter is the youngest child; he spends his days constructing electronic gadgets and is known to be very smart and promised a future as an inventor. There are also 2 other children, older than their siblings and live away from the family. The eldest is Eveanna who lived...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...Chapter #1: A Universe of Life? 1.1 The Possibility of Life Beyond Earth What are we searching for? * What are we looking for exactly? * Is it: intelligent life portrayed in sci-fi, more akin to the plants and animals we see in parks or zoos, or is it tiny bacteria-like microbes? * The simple answer to this question is “all of the above” * Extraterrestrial life: Life beyond Earth, we are looking for any sign of life, be it simple, complex, or even intelligent * We have a general definition of what life is, but for now it should be clear that this is a complicated question that affects how we search for life in the universe * Because of the definitional difficulty, the scientific search for extraterrestrial life in the universe generally presumes a search for life that is at least somewhat Earth-like and that we could therefore recognize based on what we know from studying life on Earth Is it reasonable to imagine life beyond Earth? * Prior to the 20th century, for example, some scientists guessed that Venus might harbor a tropical paradise -> this guess was based on little more than the fact that Venus is covered by clouds and closer than Earth to the Sun * Mars was the subject of even more intense debate, largely because a handful of scientists thought they saw long, straight canals on the surface * These canals, which don’t actually exist, were cited as evidence of a Martian civilization * Why has...
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