...for Wednesday, June 18 Exam format: 175 Multiple choice questions Chapter 3: Systems 1. Know the nutrient cycle diagrams Section 4 2. Know the layers of the earth 3. Properties of water and the water cycle 4. Know the spheres of the earth. 5. Macromolecules in section 2. 6. What is nitrogen fixation? 7. How does nitrogen fixation occur? 8. Importance of limiting factors….examples Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic ecosystems 1. What is a biome? 2. How are they classified? 3. Choose a biome and know characteristic about that biome. 4. Know how to create a climatogram – know how to plot the temperature and precipitation 5. What is Net Primary Production? What is Gross primary production? How do these terms differ? 6. What effects Net Primary production? Chapter 9: Environmental Health and Video Discussions 1. What are the differnet environmental health hazards? 2. Impacts of fossil fuels on our environment? 3. What is Biomagnification? 4. Difference between primary and secondary air pollutants 5. What is causing the ozone hole? Chapter 17 covers our video Oil Discussions. Chapter 18 Video discussions on Renewable Energy Chapter 19 Discussions on Pollution. What is Eutrophication? What are endochrine disruptors This is included in your study guide. The issues brought up during this discussion will be included on the exam. Frontline: Poisoned Waters 1. When was the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed? What...
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...Table of Contents Chapter-1: Introduction 4 Chapter-2: Water Crisis 6 Chapter-3: The environmental effects of Hydraulic Fracturing 8 Air: 8 Water: 8 Deforestation: 9 Health: 9 Climate: 9 Faulty Wells: 9 Chapter-4: Hydraulic Fracturing: A Controversial Topic 10 Chapter-5: Conclusion and Recommendation 12 5.1 Water Scarcity Issues and Factors: 12 5.2 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Scarcity: 14 Bibliography 15 Appendices 17 Appendix-1: Shale Gas Extraction 17 Appendix-2: Components of Fracturing Fluid 18 Appendix-3: Percentage of Global share by gas types 19 Appendix-4: Reducing Surface Footprint with Horizontal Drilling 20 Appendix-5: Satellite view of a Hydraulic Fracturing fluid storage 21 Appendix-6: Possible risks of Hydraulic Fracturing 22 Appendix-7: Global physical and economic water scarcity 23 Appendix-8: Survey conducted in Yangon, Myanmar 24 Chapter-1: Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is the process of obtaining natural gas by drilling into shale rock layers deep within the Earth. This process was made possible by advances in drilling technology in the past 100 years (www.energyfromshale.org/). Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas is also known as “fracking”. Hydraulic fracturing involves usage of vast amounts of a water mixture directed under high pressure at layers of shale to release the gas. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation states that approximately 2.4 to 7.8 million gallons of water are needed per fracturing...
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...Air pollution There are many different types of air pollution that effect’s us on an everyday basis. I never realized how many different kinds of air pollution until I have read this chapter. Humans are the main cause of air pollution. The sad part is we continue to pollute. We poison the air every day by throwing out enormous piles of garbage, burning tons of fossil fuels, and driving. Primary pollutants are suspended particle matter, radon, lead, air toxics, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. The secondary pollutants are ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrates (Environmental Science 11e). These are mixed in with multiple air pollutions. Air pollution is caused by a brown cloud that hangs over the valleys, especially on hot days. That is caused by the ozone. The ozone is a colorless gas that is in the air. When the ozone gets closer to the earth’s surface it is called ground zero. At that point it is very harmful. It is very harmful to the plants, animals and is very highly reactive in the lungs and can cause respiratory disease too. The ozone can cause choking, coughing and stinging eyes. Ground zero chemicals are created by automobiles, trucks, and buses; large industry; utility companies; gas stations; print shops; paint stores; cleaners; and off-road equipment, such as aircraft, locomotives, construction equipment, and lawn and garden equipment (Environmental Science 11e). Also to reduce the risk of this is to reduce...
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...| [pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |ENV/100 Version 2 | | |Principles of Environmental Science | Copyright © 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course will provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies that are required to identify and analyze risks associated with environmental problems, and examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing these problems. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you...
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...Date: _5/18/2015 Chapter 26 Study Guide Vocabulary: Define the following. 1. Carrying capacity- when population size has not yet reach the carrying capacity. 2. Density-dependent factor- affect population growth , such as disease, predators, and competition for food 3. Density –independent factor- environmental factors that do not depend on population size such as storms and fires. 4. Exponential growth- which is a pattern of growth in which a population grows faster as it increases 5. Bioremediation- the use of organisms to clean up or break down toxic waste. 6. Deforestation- removing all the trees and plants in a area 7. Pesticide- chemicals applied to farm fields to control weeds and insects and fungi 8. Reclamation- to restore the land to its original form 9. Acid precipitation- forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine 10. Ozone hole- which is a decrease in the ozone in polar regions 11. Photochemical smog- that’s forms mainly from automobile exhaust in the presence of sunlight 12. Nonpoint source-generates pollution from widespread areas 13. Point source- originate from a single point of origin Questions: Answer the following questions. 14. Identify ways to conserve water. Fix leaky toilets, bathtubs, and faucets 15. Summarize the types and sources of water pollution. Groundwater pollution, ocean pollution 16. Describe some methods of controlling water pollution. Make water pools for factory’s...
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...CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The Philippines is one of the world’s “mega biodiversity” countries, rich in both fauna and flora, and even if we are rich in all of these, the sector of our agriculture is now facing many kinds of problems. With the big mass of population in our country which is about 101,664,929 as of Monday, February 15, 2016, based on the latest United Nations estimates, this only shows that more and more, our country’s employment and economy will be dependent in the sector of agriculture. We all currently rely on industrial agriculture to produce the majority of the food we eat; this type of agriculture is facing problems that may threaten its future. The use of inorganic fertilizers in industrial farming also causes soil pollution. These reasons spur the researchers to undertake this study. The researchers will investigate how commercial fertilizers affect in the growth of Pechay, and the acidity of the soil. Modern fertilizer consists of varying amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These three are believed to be essential for plants to grow, and are extracted from the soil with each harvest. This is why farmers spread fertilizer on their fields, to replace the nutrients lost. It’s certainly not the ideal and sustainable way to farm, but it’s thought to be the most efficient for large-scale farms. Strategies like crop rotation and allowing large fields to rest would cut too deep into profits that are based on quantity...
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...Chapter 9 * Distribution and usability of fresh water * 70% of earth is covered in water, but 97% of that is salt * Remaining freshwater (<.5% salt), 22% is underground, and 77% is frozen (<1% fresh water bodies) * 2.78% Freshwater, 97% found in ocean as saltwater * ¼ of all freshwater underground * ¾ aboveground but mostly in ice and glaciers (not very usable) * Very little resides in lakes, streams, rivers, wetlands * Groundwater structure and Use * Groundwater exists in permeable layers of rock called aquifers. These allow us to get usable ground water * Unconfined aquifers are aquifers that water can easily flow in and out of * Easily recharged from above * Confined aquifers are aquifers that are surrounded by an impermeable layer * Under high pressure and can create artesian wells * Water table is the uppermost limit of saturated rock. Separates zone of aeration from zone of saturation * Zone of aeration = pore spaces are partly filled with water * Zone of saturation = spaces are filled with water * Groundwater recharge zone is where water gets added to an aquifer (harder in confined aquifers) * Springs are where ground water reaches the surface. Naturally clean * Wells are holes dug into the groundwater (cone of depression) * Problems with Depleting Groundwater * Saltwater intrusion- when the pumping of fresh water out of a well is faster than the recharge. Near...
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...Review – Exam 2 This is just an outline; make sure you go over everything. Materials: Exam 2 will cover chapters 13, 14, 15, 18 & 19: everything we have covered in the class. Exam 2 will start Sharp at 6:00 pm. The allotted time for exam 2 will be 6:00 to 6:50 pm Format: There will be 40 multiple choice questions, scantrons will be provided. Main Concepts Chapter 13: * Soil forming factors * Soil formation begins with fragmentation of parent material. * Parent material consists of ancient layers of rock, or more recent deposits from lava flows or glacial activity. * The first organisms to gain a foothold in modified parent material also contribute to soil formation. * Lichens form pioneer communities. * Decomposition of dead lichens further alters underlying rock. Humus is the organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animal remains. * It mixes with top layers of mineral particles, and supplies needed nutrients to plants. * It creates a crumbly soil that allows adequate water absorption and drainage. * Burrowing animals such as earthworms bring nutrients up from deeper soil layers, improving soil fertility. * * The organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animals remains is called………….? HUMUS * Soil properties: Soil texture Soil texture is determined by the size of mineral particles within the soil. * Too many large particles (sand, gravel) lead to extreme...
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...Palestine Red Cresent Society Vulnerability & Capacity Assessment A Participatory Action Research Study of the Vulnerabilities and Capacities of the Palestinian Society in Disaster Preparedness August 2000 INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRECSENT SOCIETIES United Nations Children's Fund West Bank & Gaza Vulnerability & Capacity Assessment A Participatory Action Research Study of the Vulnerabilities and Capacities of the Palestinian Society in Disaster Preparedness Palestine Red Crescent Society August 2000 Copyright © Palestine Red Crescent Society 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval sysems without prior permission from The Palestine Red Crescent Society, Al-Bireh, Palestine. For further infromation: Palestine Red Crescent Society Headquarters/ Al-Bireh P.O.Box 3637 Tel: ++972-2-2406515/6/7 Fax: ++972-2-2406518 e-mail: info@PalestineRCS.org Website: www.PalestineRCS.org Thanks to technical support of UNICEF West Bank and Gaza to this study and to the financial contribution of UNICEF- Middle East and North Africa Regional office who made the design and printing of this publication possible. Special thanks to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies for their technical and financial support to carrying this study. Cover...
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...spill response plan. This failure will be considered in light of current international environmental regulations on OSRPP and applicable United States legislation, whilst assessing the BP oil spill response plan’s compliance therewith. The study will also consider some theory in the development of OSRPP by looking specifically at risk assessment tools and applying key criteria to the BP oil spill response plan to determine its adequacy and appropriateness for its operations in the GOM. What the research will show is that the ill preparedness of BP and the U.S. Government to effectively respond to the blow out is symptomatic of the significant gaps in both industry and government’s existing response capacity in dealing with deep-water drilling environments primarily as a result of insufficient risk assessment, lax regulation and enforcement, and a lack of coordination in...
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...MEDITERRANEAN Pollution prevention opportunities in the Tanning sector industry CLEANER within the mediterranean region production Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) Mediterranean Action Plan Ministry of the Environment Spain Autonomous Government of Catalonia Ministry of the Environment Centre for Cleaner Production Initiatives Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Tanning Sector Industry within the Mediterranean Region Note: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP), provided acknowledgement of the source is made. RAC/CP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever without prior permission in writing from RAC/CP. If you consider that some part of this study could be improved or there is any lack of precision, we would appreciate if you could notify it to us. Study finished on January 2000 Study published on October 2000 Additional copies or information could be requested to: Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) C/ París, 184 – 3ª planta 08036 Barcelona (Spain) Tf. (+34) 93 415 11 12 - Fax (+34) 93 237 02 86 e-mail: cleanpro@cema-sa.org Web page: http://www.cema-sa.org Page 1 of 162 Pollution Prevention...
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...deforestation and wetland encroachment. Annual flooding continues to destroy property and frustrate farming. The DEAP highlights priority themes and activities for the District towards achieving sustainable development. The report is divided into eight chapters. Chapter one gives the challenges of sustainable development and also describes the rationale for and preparatory process of the DEAP. The chapter introduces the district’s main profile covering the physical features, demographic, agroecological zones, and main environmental issues. Chapter two describes the District’s Environment and Natural resources of Land, Water, Biodiversity (forest, wildlife, and Dry lands biodiversity), wetlands and agriculture, livestock and fisheries. For each resource, major environmental issues, challenges and proposed interventions are identified. Chapter three discusses the Human settlements and infrastructure in Meru North District covering situation analysis, challenges and proposed interventions. Environmental challenges addressed include; waste management, sanitation, pollution, diseases, land use, demand for water, energy, materials for construction, land and wetlands degradation, policy and legislation, biodiversity loss and land tenure. Chapter four addresses...
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...Independent University, Bangladesh Live-In-Field Experience (LFE-201) Spring 2012 Venue: Rural Development Academy, Bogra Topic: Health and Medical Service Submitted by, Name: Md. Badi-Uz-Zaman ID: 0920449 Group: 20 Submission Date 14 march 2012 School of Business Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir I am pleased to present you the LFE report for “Spring 2012”. It includes all the findings and observation throughout the whole study of Uttar Maria, Thana Sherpur, and District Bogra. This report is provided as required for the fulfillment of this course. Yours Sincerely Mr. Badi-Uz-Zaman ID: 0920449 March 14, 2012 Acknowledgement At first, we would like to thank the Almighty Allah for giving us the patience and the ability to work hard. The success of this report depends on the contribution of a number of people, especially those who take the time to share their thoughtful guidance and suggestions to improve this report. I would like to thank Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB) for having such a wonderful and unique course through which I got the chance to learn and experience about the rural Bangladesh. For making this program a successful one, I would like to thank Prof. M, Omar Rahman (Vice Chancellor of IUB) for his excellence support. We are thankful to our faculty members-Haroonuzzaman and Dr. Towhid Bin Muzaffar who were very helpful throughout the LFE. Their encouragement; guidance and support from first day to the final...
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...Outline Template (Microsoft Word) Beginning on the next page is an outline template (in Microsoft Word format), which is filled in with a sample to show you what a final outline looks like. Here is how to fill in your own outline: Triple click on a sentence to highlight it. (Or swipe across it with a mouse’s left key held down.) Type your sentence. (The original words should automatically disappear; if they don’t, use the Delete key to eliminate them.) When you don’t need an outline subdivision (such as “C” or “3”), delete the line. When you need to insert a new subdivision, place the cursor at the end of the sentence immediately above where you want to insert, press Enter, go the Style drop-down menu (typically located next to the Font drop-down menu) at the top of the screen, and select the appropriate style: For I, II, III, etc., choose Outline 1 For A, B, C, etc., choose Outline 2 For 1, 2, 3, etc., choose Outline 3 For a, b, c, etc., choose Outline 4 NOTE: You will need to manually enter the correct letter or number, and you may need to change letters and numbers above and below your new entry. At times, you may need to use the Tab and Backspace keys to align entries properly. • TROUBLESHOOTING TIP: If Microsoft Word performs undesired formatting—such as inserting unwanted letters and numbers and changing the indentation—go to Format menu, click AutoFormat, click Options, choose the “AutoFormat As You Type” button, and deselect...
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...with Special Reference to Puerto Princesa, Palawan Province, Philippines Table of Contents Acknowledgments (see below) Abstract (see below) Resumé (see below) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Thesis Rationale 1.2 Goals and Objectives of the Thesis 1.3 Research Methodology 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1.5 Organization of the Thesis Chapter 2 General Scenario of Sanitation Problems in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 2.1 Reasons for Settling on Coastal, Waterfront and Low-lying Areas 2.2 Sanitation Problems 2.3 Health and Environmental Conditions Chapter 3 Low-Cost Sanitation Systems used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 3.1 Available Low-Cost Sanitation Technologies 3.2 Sanitation Systems Used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities Chapter 4 The Case Study 4.1 Community Background 4.2 * Chapter 5 Results of Field Survey-- Analysis of Existing Sanitation in the Coastal Communities of Puerto Princesa 5.1 Basis of Analysis 5.2 Existing Environmental Sanitation 5.3 Health Condition and Observed Hygienic Practices related to Sanitation and Water Supply Chapter 6 Essential Factors for the Provision of Sanitation Systems in Coastal Communities 6.1 Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems 6.2 Sanitation Systems Options Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 7.1 Summary of Existing sanitation Problems 7.2 Key Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems 7.3 Recommended Approach...
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