...Introduction. Historically, castration has been often used as a punishment to sex offenders. However, by late 19th Century, most of the castration sentences were disallowed upon appeal (Spalding, 1998). For this reason, legislative systems have made into law legislations that will revive the ancient castration method to condemn such men. However, this procedure has not escaped criticism from psychological, medical and psychiatric professionals. Some critics, such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), believe that mandatory chemical castration of sex offenders due to court order is unconstitutional (Spalding, 1998). The opponents of castration also argue that side effects associated with chemical castration such as serious allergic reactions...
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...she has plenty of neighborhood friends in her age group. While getting into your car driving to work, your little child walks to the bus stop at the corner of your house and waits for the school bus. Now watching the news later on that day, you hear a story on sex offenders. So with that said, you go on sexoffender.com, put in your zip code and finds out there’s is a convicted sex offender that lives right next to you! What do you do then? I believe chemical castration should be mandatory for every recidivist convicted sex offenders, that’s living in our...
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...Issues in Criminal Justice JUS-250 April 10, 2014 Cruel and Unusual Punishment or Effective Control of Sex Crimes In the Bill of Rights we look to the Eighth Amendment to read; Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Excessive or disproportionate to the offense committed. A male who has been charged with and convicted of multiple sexual crimes, is going to do his time, get out of prison and offend again. To impose upon him to be chemically or surgically castrated would this procedure stop or prevent the sexual crimes from occurring. In China and the ancient world the rulers kept many wives and concubines so they would have an heir. To protect them from being impregnated by another male they used eunuchs to guard the wives and concubines. They were appointed to guard the royal household and through daily contact with the family they gained immense power (Chinese Eunuchs). According to legend castration has been used to improve the effectiveness of soldiers. The rulers would castrate the men by removing the penis and leaving the testicles. This would cause them enormous sexual frustration and they would become violent and aggressive, which was perfect for the battlefield. Chemical castration is done by injection of the FDA approved birth control drug Depo Provera to lower the testosterone levels in men, thereby reducing the biological urges. This...
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...committed sex crime. In the United States, there are more than 400,000 registered sexual predators. There are many ways in which sexual offenders could be punished for their actions. For one, Law makers should pass on a law stating that sex offenders have to notify others by writing it on their social media accounts, that they have committed a sex crime. Secondly, sexual predators should be chemically casturated to help prevent urges. Lastly, if you are aware of a sexual predator in your community you should not be afraid to inform others because they might not be aware. Their statements should indicate the crime committed, if this is their first offense, if not how many, and the court’s decision upon the crime. Offenders must also state their physical characteristics and residential address. Indicating their...
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...counseling works or not, something has to be done to assist prisoners in order for them to lead a normal life upon their release. I will discuss some of the many programs offered by various states ranging from “Pets in Prison” to obtaining college degrees. I will explain the various types of counseling offered to sex offenders, pedophiles and murderers. Those are a few topics I feel should have special interest in the counseling/rehabilitation area. I am sure most would agree that prisoners should receive some type of counseling and rehabilitation, but where do you draw the line on the rehabilitation services offered? Should the money from taxpayers be used to fund certain types of programs, how does the prison system decide who gets to participate in which programs, and how can counselors and judicial boards ensure there will be no regression? Those are just a couple of questions that will be answered throughout my report. Structural Outline 1. Educational Services Offered 1a. Prison Entrepreneurship 2a. Prison Labor/computer repair program 2. Drug Rehabilitation 2a. Program Steps in detail for the Second Chance Program 3. Sex Offender Therapy 4. Alternative Programs to Prison Abstract This research paper will enlighten the readers of the many...
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...monitoring released sex offenders have been a problem for many years. This research paper will give insight into the different approaches to tracking and monitoring sex offenders in the community from the local and national sex offender registry to GPS tracking. It also shows the perception of safety in a small scale community. Many laws are set into place to manage sex offenders after they are released from prison, but what is the effectiveness of programs set in place for the safety of victims and the community? Keywords: sex offenders, monitoring, tracking, registry, residency restrictions, safety Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 4 United States Sex Offender Laws 4 Sex Offender Registration and Public Notification Laws 4 Megan's Law 4 Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) 5 Other Laws 5 Criticism of Registration and Notification Laws 6 Management of Sex Offender Laws 7 Sex Offenders Registration Requirements 7 Sex Offenders Castration 8 GPS Monitoring 8 Residency Restrictions 9 Effects of Registration and Notification 9 Perceptions of Effectiveness 10 Improvement Suggestions 11 Local Survey of Effectiveness 11 Findings of The Medical University of South Carolina 13 Conclusion 13 References 14 Is Tracking Sex Offenders Effective? Monitoring prosecuted sex offenders has been an...
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...society, and they need to carry with them heavy punishments A sexual offender is a person who has been found guilty on a charge relating to a sexual offence. A sexual predator is a person who engages in sexually exploitative behavior, including such actions as stalking, grooming, voyeurism, or sexual harassment. Many of them have been known to premeditate and use deceptive techniques to get what they want. A sexual offense consists of many different kinds of acts that fall within the State of Indiana Code 11-8-8. Under the Indiana Code if convicted of any of the following offenses rape, child molesting, child exploitation, incest, sexual battery, sexually violent predators, sexual predators, an individual is seen as a sex offender, and in the state of Indiana these acts are listed as felonies. Chapter 4 of the Indiana Code (IC 35-42-4-3) defines child molestation as performing or submitting to sexual intercourse or deviant sexual behavior with a person 14 years of age or younger. Under Indiana Law Child Molesting is considered a Class A felony. There also is no statute of limitations in Indiana for a Class a felony. This crime can be punishable for up to 20 years. “That means that any act of child molestation that involves a significantly older person, weapons or threats, serious injury, or drugging a child (without their knowledge) can always be prosecuted in Indiana” (Alexander, 2013, par.4). Sex offenders are known to repeat their offense after getting out of prison. ...
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...2.2.3 Court Time 7 2.2.4 Lawyer 7 2.2.5 Investigators and Expert Testimony 8 2.2.6 Opportunity Cost. 8 2.2.7 Cost-effectiveness. 9 2.3.0 Social Aspect # 2.3.1.0 Deterrent Effect # 2.3.1.1 Ineffectiveness # 2.3.1.2 Counteract as an Incitement # 2.3.1.3 Lack of Viability # 2.3.2 Discrimination # 2.3.2 Overcrowding Problems # 2.4.0 Ethical Aspect # 2.4.1.0 Human Rights # 2.4.1.1 The Universal Declaration # 2.4.1.2 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights # 2.4.2 Rights of Criminal’s Family # 2.4.3 The Pain of Capital Death # 3.0 Alternative Solutions # 3.1 Life Imprisonment # 3.2 Rehabilitation or Reformatories # 3.3.0 Cases of Sex Offenders # 3.3.1 Use of GPS Device # 3.3.2 Revelation of Identities # 3.3.3 Chemical Castration # Appendix # Reference # 1.0 Introduction On September 21, 2011, Alireza Molla-Soltani was hanged to death after stabbing Iran’s most well-known athlete. Alireza was only 17 years-old at the time he was executed. Hassiba Sahraoui, Amnesty International’s Deputy Director, quote “The fact that Iran has decided to execute a 17-year old shows how little respect the authorities have for international human rights standards.” end quote. According to international law of justice, juveniles are strictly prohibited in receiving any capital punishments. Therefore, do we have to consider this case a justice? Among many nations worldwide, there are five countries that have the...
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... It can either reduce crime itself or it can be retributive, expressing society’s outrage. Crime can be reduced in three separate ways. Offenders themselves are discouraged from committing future crimes because they don’t want to undergo the punishment again; Mrs Thatcher instigated the ‘short, sharp shock’ regime in young offenders’ institutions in the 1980s. Some states in America go further and make the time in prison physically unpleasant. The rest of the community is deterred because they see the result of criminality. Prison can also bring about reform or rehabilitation of the prisoner through education, training or behaviour modification courses so that the ex-prisoner can integrate successfully into social life on release. Prison also works because the prisoners are not free to commit crimes against the general public. America uses the ‘3 strikes’ rule to remove habitual offenders from the community. Other countries use other forms of punishment to incapacitate offenders. America also uses the death sentence, a rather permanent solution, chemical castration for sex offenders and Muslim countries, in particular, still remove the hands of thieves so they cannot steal. At times the focus is on rehabilitation and the reduction of future crime, at others societies seem to be keener on punishment for its own sake. Offenders have breached the social code and society is allowed to take...
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...will be imposed to a death penalty. General deterrence is the concept “that the choice to commit delinquent acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment,” (Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 2005). Because the society is aware that the punishment is given to an individual who commits a crime; therefore, the people avoid to committing such acts. An example of general deterrence is the mandatory minimum sentences for certain drug-related offenses, which is mostly informing the public via media of crimes, etc. Specific deterrence is the concept that “if young offenders are punished severely, the experience will convince them not to repeat their illegal acts,” (Juvenile Delinquency: The Core, 2005). The punishment imposed to a criminal that will give him or her experience that he or she will not want again in the future, thus, preventing he or she to commit future crimes. Incapacitation is the act of making the offender incapable of committing another crime. Examples of incapacitation are putting a criminal to correction sanctions as...
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...much, and to have more social programs that are aimed at young children, in order to teach them in an earlier stage of life.3 Biological approaches to crime are the result of flaw in the biological makeup in a person. These physical flaws can be caused by heredity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, or abnormalities to the brain that could be caused by trauma or improper development. Some biological theorists think that there should be more strict penalties as well as better law enforcement for crime control. Some other methods of crime control that mostly apply to the biological theories of crime are that of psychosurgery, methods of chemical control, and other methods. Psychosurgery is brain surgery that can control criminal behavior, but is not that often used. Chemical control methods to control crime are mainly used in chemical castration for sex offenders, and for drug or alcohol addicts. Others can include different diseases, or genetic combinations that can cause the individual to think and/or act differently than others....
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...Sex Offender Registries and Community Notification Laws: An Ethical Dilemma by Amy Thorson NW 62-OM OM 4803 - Organizational Ethics John Brown University June 2009 Situation Definition Introduction of the Facts Sex offenders in American society are often seen as repulsive, violent individuals that deserve to be feared and punished to the fullest extent of the law. Their crimes are deemed the worst kind of violation of another human being. In fact, “the vehemence of the hatred for sex offenders is unmatched by attitudes to any other offenders” (Logan, 1999). Many state and federal laws have been passed in an effort to protect the public from these predatory sex offenders. The laws are aimed specifically at registering sex offenders, documenting sex crimes, and disseminating this information to the general public. The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act of 1994 requires that all states create registries for individuals convicted of sex crimes against children or any other sexually violent offense (Scholle, 2000). In 1996, President Bill Clinton signed Megan’s Law, which allows each state the discretion to establish criteria for registry disclosure, “but compels them to make private and personal information on registered sex offenders available to the public” (Klaas, 2008). Because many states depend on the federal government for funding of law enforcement programs, non-compliance with these requirements...
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...Also, if they had a legal right to, would they check out their neighbor's history at the police office, or trust them? In the summer of 1994, seven-year-old Megan Kanka was kidnapped, raped, and then killed by convicted child molester Jesse Timmendequas. The outraged community was never informed that Timmendequas and two other convicted child abusers had moved in across the street from Megan (Megan Kanka). Megan's death inspired her parents to do notify communities of convicted child molesters. "Megan's Law", a law that would require immediate community notification of convicted child abusers, who were living in their area (Popkin). Some critics contend that the law is unconstitutional because it adds additional punishment to offenders (Megan's Unfinished...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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...ISSUES FOR IIM INTERVIEW PROCESS © EssaysforIIM.com 2014-15 Issues for IIM PI Process http://www.essaysforIIM.com Contents US‐CHINA ENVIRONMENT DEAL 8 OIL PRICE 9 PAYMENT BANKS 11 SHADOW BANKING 13 NBFCs 14 NEW DEFINITION OF FDI 16 REFORMS IN POWER DISTRIBUTION 16 SECURITIES LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL 2014 18 JUVENILE JUSTICE BILL, 2014 18 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON 19 INEQUALITY 20 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC PROFILE OF STATES AND INTER‐STATE COMPARISONS 21 ASER 2013: Main Findings 23 SKILL DEVELOPMENT 24 HOW INDIA NEEDS TO FACE CLIMATE CHANGE 24 AGENDA FOR ECONOMIC REFORMS 28 INFRASTRUCTURE 30 WHY LONG‐RUN MATTERS 30 FIVE PRONGED STRATEGY TO CONTROL INFLATION 31 URJIT PATEL COMMITTEE 32 Some Major Issues in India's Merchandise Trade Sector 32 MAKE IN INDIA OPPORTUNITY 34 Make for India or Make in India – The debate begins! 37 VULNERABILITY COMPARISON OF INDIAN ECONOMY 38 PM JAN DHAN YOJANA 39 COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM 40 ZERO DEFECT, ZERO EFFECT 41 DIGITAL INDIA 42 TWO FACTOR IDENTIFICATION ISSUE 43 MINSK AGREEMENT 44 WILFUL DEFAULT 44 © EssaysforIIM.com 2014‐15 Page 1 Issues for IIM PI Process http://www.essaysforIIM.com ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ ...
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