...This lab report identified different types of reactions in various chemical changes. Through the five experiments completed in class, the creation of bubbles indicating a new gas formed, colour change, and production of light were observed. From reactions A and B, it can be concluded that single displacement reactions are indicated when three elements are present, two of which are of like charges that switch places during the chemical reaction. Both reactions involved an element with a negative charge (Cl) and two elements with positive charges (Cu (II) & Al and H & Mg), which then traded places during the reaction. As well, from reactions C and D, it can be concluded that double displacements occur when four elements (or two compounds) are...
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...Analysis of a Chemical Reaction Procedure Questions: What do you observe? We observed a white, chalky precipitate forming in the limewater test tube. What does this result indicate? This result indicates that carbon dioxide gas was formed by heating the test tube of NaHCO3. What did you observe in the test tube that you heated? We observed the condensation of water vapour on the mouth of the heated test tube. What does this indicate? This result indicates that water molecules were formed during the reaction. Based on these two qualitative observations which of the four possible reactions can be rules out? Synthesis can be ruled out due to the formation of multiple products from a single substance. Single displacement can be ruled out because the products were both compounds formed from a single substance. Double displacement can be ruled out because there was only one reactant. Lastly, combustion can be ruled out because the reactant did not require...
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...Why do we keep a lab notebook? In the ‘real world’, you will be expected to record what you do and how you do it, with the data clearly identifiable. There are 2 reasons for this: • Any scientific experiment is only considered valid if it can be repeated by someone else using your notebook. • If you develop a new product or process, your notebook becomes a legal document that can be scrutinized in a court of law, especially in cases of patent infringement. In order to meet these requirements, certain conditions must be met: • Notebooks shall have bound pages, loose-leaf and spiral bound are not acceptable. • All pages must be numbered prior to use. This will show if any pages have been removed that contained data that might compromise interpretation of your conclusions. • All data shall be entered chronologically. Do not leave empty pages to insert information later. If you finish with a large expanse of blank page, put a line through it to show that it will not be used. • All notes are to be made in indelible pen – pencil will be penalized. If you make a mistake, just draw a single line through it, not a childish scribble to hide all traces! • All data will be recorded in your lab notebook at the moment it is generated. No notes shall be written on scraps of paper or memorized for later. Other notes about the lab notebook: All pre-lab and experimental work is hand-written in your lab notebook. Make...
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...Carmel Vijay Chemistry Lab 227 Zach Sailor November 8, 2013 Observing Chemical Reactions Beginning Question When a chemical reaction takes place, is it always accompanied by a physical change? Explain. Bunsen burner The Bunsen burner is a device in use these days to safely burn a continuous stream of a flammable gas such as natural gas, propane, or butane. The completeness of the combustion reaction affects the amount of air mixed with the gas stream. When a gas stream is well mixed with air, it provides oxygen in an equimolar amount which results in a complete and hotter reaction. We learned how to control the amount of air that is provided for the appearance of a blue flame, which is considered the right flame for a reaction. The evidence that led me to this conclusion was a few articles that explained that the yellow flame or also known as the “dirty flame” leaves behind a layer of carbon on whatever it is heating. Also when tested on a piece of copper wire, it took a longer time for a reaction to occur, whereas the blue flame created a faster reaction which stripped the copper coating off the wire. Chemical reaction The chemical reactions that were chosen, were chose based on which reaction is a more “green” reaction. A1: place a pea-sized amount if baking soda NaHCO3 in a test tube. Add 10-20 drops of vinegar drop wise. B2: place approx. 1Ml of 0.1M of MgCl2 in a test tube. Add an equal volume of NaOH drop wide. Stir well. C1: drop a pea-sized wad of...
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...series of three labs were combined to observe the effects of some common biological enzymes: Catalase, Tyrosinase, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Enzymes are catalytic proteins, that when present in a chemical reaction, are able to lower the action potential needed to create the reaction without being destroyed or altered themselves in the process. In Part A, my hypothesis stated that when Catalase is combined with H2O2 the rate of conversion to water and oxygen gas should double when 5-10 drops of enzyme is added and quadruple when 10-20 drops are added. In Part B, my hypothesis stated that increases in enzyme concentration or buffer pH the substrate of the final product will yield increased substrate, also, if the substrate concentration is increased then the enzyme will be less diluted, the buffer pH will increase, or there will be a temperature increase. In Part C, my hypothesis stated that tacrine will have an inhibitory effect on AChE, and that those effects will increase as the level of concentration increases. In all three labs I postulated that increases in temperature and concentration levels and would increase the rates and decrease time to form chemical reactions. We setup each lab with a series of increased concentrations and a control trial using DiH2O. We observed the results using the following instruments: LabQuest and LabQuest App, a Spectrometer, an Oxygen Gas Sensor, LoggerPro software, and class data was collected at the end of each lab and distributed...
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...Combustion Lab Lukas Worcester PGHS Introduction The concepts of hydrocarbons, combustion, specific heat capacity, and endothermic reactions must be understood by the students to complete the lab. Carbon and hydrogen molecules are what actually make up hydrocarbons structure. Hydrocarbons are typically utilized in fuels and lubricants, as well as raw materials such as plastic, rubber, and other materials. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion, which creates carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is defined as an exothermic reaction, a reaction putting off heat instead of taking in heat. Combustion’s main purpose is to create an oxidized material. Each and every substance on...
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...Enzyme Lab INTRODUCTION: What would happen to your cells if they made a poisonous chemical? You might think that they would die. In fact, your cells are always making poisonous chemicals. They do not die because your cells use enzymes to break down these poisonous chemicals into harmless substances. Enzymes are proteins that speed up the rate of reactions that would otherwise happen more slowly. The enzyme is not altered by the reaction. You have hundreds of different enzymes in each of your cells. Each of these enzymes is responsible for one particular reaction that occurs in the cell. In this lab, you will study an enzyme that is found in the cells of many living tissues. The name of the enzyme is catalase (KAT-uh-LAYSS); it speeds up a reaction which breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic chemical, into 2 harmless substances--water and oxygen. The reaction is: 2 H2O2 ----> 2 H2O + O2 This reaction is important to cells because hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced as a byproduct of many normal cellular reactions. If the cells did not break down the hydrogen peroxide, they would be poisoned and die. In this lab, you will study the catalase found in liver cells. You will be using chicken or beef liver. It might seem strange to use dead cells to study the function of enzymes. This is possible because when a cell dies, the enzymes remain intact and active for several weeks, as long as the tissue is kept refrigerated. MATERIALS: 1molar HCl solution 1molar NaOH...
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...To do Lab Report for Single and Double Replacement reactions : This is a formal lab report. It must be typed or written by hand with blue or black ink. Make sure that you include the following: 1. Title 2. List of Materials 3. Safety that includes MSDS risk assessment for all the materials used ( instructions were given to you already and they are in Moodle) 4. Pre-lab questions 5. Data Tables with the results obtained ( observations and predictions) 6. Post Lab: Part I : Single Replacement Reactions a. For every reaction that took place you must write the balanced chemical equation b. Which metal reacted the most? c. Rank your metals from more to least active Part II: Double replacement Reactions a. For every reaction where you observed precipitate, write the complete balanced molecular equation, the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation; use the solubility rules to identify the precipitate and the states of matter of each substance participating in the reaction. b. Which cation produced the most number of precipitates? c. Write general rules of solubility that you observed. 7. Final Conclusion and error analysis To do Lab Report for Single and Double Replacement reactions : This is a formal lab report. It must be typed or written with blue or black ink. Make sure that you include the following: 1. Title 2. List of Materials 3. Safety that includes MSDS risk assessment for all the materials used ( instructions...
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...Determining the Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield in a Precipitation Reaction Objectives: • Observe the reaction between solutions of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. • Determine which of the reactants is the limiting reactant and which is the excess reactant. • Determine the theoretical mass of precipitate that should form. • Compare the actual mass with the theoretical mass of precipitate and calculate the percent yield. Materials: Balance 0.70 M sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3(aq) Graduated cylinder 0.50 M calcium chloride solution, CaCl2(aq) Beaker (250 mL) Wash Bottle (distilled H2O) Filter paper Funnel Iron ring Ring stand Procedure: Part I: The Precipitation Reaction (Day 1) 1. Obtain two clean, dry 25 mL graduated cylinders and one 250 mL beaker. 2. In one of the graduated cylinders, measure 25 mL of the Na2CO3 solution. In the other graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of the CaCl2 solution. Record these volumes in your data table. 3. Pour the contents of both graduated cylinders into the 250 mL beaker and observe the results. Record these qualitative observations in your observations table. Allow the contents of the beaker to sit undisturbed for approximately 5 minutes to see what happens to the suspended solid particles. Meanwhile, proceed to step 4. 4. Obtain a piece of filter paper and put your initials and your partner’s initials on it using a pencil. Measure and record the mass of the filter paper, then use...
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... |Date: | Graded Assignment Lab Report Answer the questions below. When you have finished, submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (8 points) |Score | | | 1. Part 2: Single-Displacement Reactions: For each four single-displacement reaction, describe what happened in each well. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. Then use the A, B symbols to write a general equation for a single-displacement reaction. Here are the chemical formulas of the reactants for each reaction: • zinc – Zn copper sulfate – CuSO4 • aluminum – Al copper sulfate – CuSO4 • zinc – Zn silver nitrate – Ag(NO3) • copper – Cu silver nitrate – Ag(NO3) Answer: (8 points) |Score | | | 2. Part 3: Double-Displacement Reactions: For each double-displacement reaction, describe what happened in each well, including the colors of any products that formed. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. Then use the A, B symbols to write a general equation for a double-displacement reaction. Here are the chemical formulas of the reactants for each reaction: • sodium chloride – NaCl copper sulfate – CuSO4 • sodium hydroxide – NaOH copper sulfate – CuSO4 ...
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... Myrjun, Lindsay, Lara Displacement Reactions Lab Report Purpose: To observe and compare single and double displacement reactions. Hypothesis: If a metal element is mixed with an ionic compound, one metal will displace the other to create a new ionic compound. If 2 ionic compounds are mixed together, then the metals will displace each other, creating 2 new ionic compounds. Materials: Goggles, large well plate, steel wool, scoopula, 4 small beakers, dropper, 4 pieces of magnesium ribbon, 4 pieces of zinc metal, 4 pieces of copper wire, copper (II) sulfate solution, zinc nitrate solution, magnesium nitrate solution, sodium carbonate solution and hydrochloric acid. Procedure: Part A: Single Displacement Reactions 1. Clean 4 pieces of magnesium ribbon, zinc metal and copper wire with steel wool until they are shiny. 2. Half-fill one column (three wells) of the well plate with the copper (II) sulfate solution. 3. Half-fill a second column (three wells) with the zinc nitrate solution. 4. Half-fill a third column (three wells) with the hydrochloric acid. 5. In each column, place 1 piece of each metal in different wells (Magnesium in one well, zinc in another and copper in the last). Use a toothpick to keep the metals submerged in the solution. 6. Observe the different reactions in each well. Record your observations in a table. 7. Save the contents of the wells for Part B. Part B: Double Displacement Reactions 1. Add 3 drops of the sodium carbonate...
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...full essay DID YOU LIKE THIS? TELL YOUR FRIENDS... Send Report Submitted: June 21, 2013 Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To analyze a few physical and chemical properties of gases as well as using those properties to identify the gases. Procedure: * For Hydrogen I placed a piece of Zn metal into a test tube with diluted HCl. * To produce oxygen I added Hydrogen peroxide to manganese. * Next, I added baking soda to vinegar. This caused a quick and energetic reaction! The gas from the reaction I pumped into some Limewater. * Then I mixed Alka Seltzer and water and pumped the gas caused by that reaction into some limewater. Data: Data Table: Experiment Results | Gas | Flame Reaction | Glowing Splint | Limewater reaction | Bromothymol blue reaction | Hydrogen | It enlarged the flame. | | | | Oxygen | It lit up quickly | | | | Hydrogen & oxygen | It puts it out. | | | | Carbon dioxide | It puts it out | | It bubbled and turned cloudy. | It turned it yellow | Alka Seltzer | | | Bubbles stayed in the limewater. | | Breath | | | Nothing happened | | Balanced Chemical Equation for Oxygen and Hydrogen: 2H2+O2 2H2O Observations: * The hydrogen reaction moved very slowly and I really couldn’t see anything happening. However, when I exposed it to flame, it lit up very well! * The oxygen reaction began immidiatly once I added the manganese. It started fizzing a lot and the liquid turned...
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...Enzymes: Virtual Lab Introduction: This is a virtual lab simulation of enzymes and substrates. It teaches about enzymatic activity and how it is affected by substrate concentration and pH. Students are to visualize the virtual lab as an actual lab and conduct the experiment as such. Purpose This investigation will determine the effects of substrate concentration and pH on the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Materials Computer Pencil/pen Enzymes at various pH Substrates at various concentrations Procedures 1. Go to this link ( http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_11/BL_11.html 2. Click the TV/VCR. Then click the play button. Watch an animation about enzymes. 3. Click Information and read more about enzymes and substrates. 4. Complete the table found at the bottom of the virtual lab by: a. Adjusting the pH level of the test tubes (already filled with an enzyme solution) by clicking the up and down arrows. Pay attention to the proper pH in each designated test tube according to the data table! b. Adding substrate to each of the test tubes that already contain an enzyme solution by clicking and dragging a piece of weighing paper with the powdered substrate. Pay attention to the proper substrate concentration in each designated test tube according to the data table! c. Record the number of molecules of product formed per minute into your data table. d. Click the computer monitor to see...
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...describe why chemistry is important, what is beneficial, and what I found interesting. In order for me to purse my degree in Chemical Engineering, it was a must for me to take Chemistry 1411. First, it was a pre-requisite for the following Chemistry classes for me to take. Second, the basis of this class is a fundamental pertaining to my degree because they have to apply the principles of chemistry to design and operation of immense chemical manufacturing process. I chose this major because my grandfather inspired me from such a young age to be in this field. I can remember him doing all kinds of experiments in his office trying to test and discover things that really drew my interest to this major. My grandfather demonstrated the benefits of Chemistry and showed me how it is ever present in our every day life. He also taught me that Chemistry is always changing in our world around us and I want to be apart of this changing process and help the world benefit from Chemistry. I hope to see myself in a couple years being highly successful and enjoying working for a refinery as my grandfather did. I want to be able to support my family the best as possible, yet I also want to see myself loving what I do everyday and not get tired of it. In Lab #1 it was a recap of math skills that are crucial for the basis of general Chemistry. This particular lab we touched base on the rules of significant figures in calculating different formulas. Also, rounding...
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...Chemistry Bell 1 29 August 2015 Lakota West Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab is to identify physical and chemical changes and differentiate between the two. Procedure Procedure is found on the Physical and Chemical Changes lab at Lakota West lab. Use plastic pipets. On #4 change the experiment to mixing 5 mL of NaCl with 2-3 drops of silver nitrate. On #9 replace regular test tube with a disposable one. Omit the last experiment. Materials Disposable Test Tubes Magnet Test Tubes Paper towels Plastic Pipets Beakers Bunsen burner Rubber Policeman Splint (for burning) Test Tube rack Tongs Safety Don’t stare at burning magnesium. On # 9 have beaker of water ready prior to burning mixture, also when plunging mixture in the water submerge the entire test tube. Data Table Experiment Observations 1 | Wax melted yellow and cooled yellow. | 2 | Formed a white precipitate floating on top. | 3 | Forms a milky, chunky mixture. | 4 | Tiny “poof” noise. | 5 | Burns an extremely bright white light. | 6 | Turned the powder white and produced smoke, water turned it back to blue. | 7 | Turned white and mixture dropped in temperature. | 8 | Pulled the iron out of the mixture. | 9 | Not magnetic pull. | Conclusion The purpose of the lab was achieved because physical and chemical changes were both identified and differentiated. A possible source of error was on #4 the reaction could have ended before the burning splint was...
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