...ABSTRACT Trees are an important part of every community. Trees increase our quality of life by bringing natural elements and wildlife habitats into urban settings. Many neighborhoods are also the home of old trees that serve as historic landmarks. The tree observations goal is to help people maintain the health of their community and their state’s trees and forest. INTRODUCTION Trees have supported and sustained life throughout our existence. Different species display an endless variety of shapes and forms. In this experiment I had tested the ability to present information about factors affecting the health and measurements of trees. METHODS I used a Biltmore stick to measure the diameter (DBH) of the tree. I also had to find an area with at least twenty trees for measurements, recorded the information I obtain on a tree observation sheet. MATERIALS Biltmore stick, tree observation sheets, an area with twenty trees, pencil RESULTS The species of trees was from a neighborhood called Green Acres. Measurements taken at the site; shown that Maple/Boxelder trees in the site was identified as a more common species in the area and illustrated in good health with minor problems. For the other selected trees, no significant difference in circumference was found between all other trees because of the weather. DISCUSSION Overall the best time to measure trees is between June and September other observations can be made anytime during...
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...T194 Date Class Name Date Class Name CHAPTER Section 13.1 continued 13 In your textbook, read about gas pressure. STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY States of Matter Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13. Pressure is defined as force per unit a. area. 14. What is an instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure? a. barometer b. manometer c. sphygmomanometer b. mass. c. time. Section 13.1 Gases In your textbook, read about the kinetic-molecular theory. d. volume. Complete each statement. 1. The kinetic molecular theory describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in d. thermometer motion a. altitude. b. atmospheric pressure. . 15. The height of the liquid in a barometer is affected by all of the following EXCEPT the c. density of the liquid in the column. d. diameter of the column tube. Chemistry: Matter and Change 16. The pressure of the gas in a manometer is directly related to which of the following 2. The kinetic-molecular theory makes the following assumptions. a. In a sample of a gas, the volume of the gas particles themselves is very small quantities? compared to the volume of the sample. b. Because gas particles are far apart, there are no significant attractive or repulsive forces random motion. d. a c. a a. height of the mercury column in the closed-end arm b. height of the...
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...Required Text(s): 1. Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., Prentice Hall, ISBN #978-0-321-78756-9 2. General Chemistry Lab Manual, Cengage Learning ISBN # 9781285127712 3. Register for Sapling Learning homework system ($29.99) See bottom of last page of syllabus for more information!!! Required Supplies/Material(s): Chemical Splash Proof Safety Goggles Recommended Supplementary Material(s): 1. Study Guide and Solutions Manual for Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., 2. Scientific calculator Disabilities: A student with a disability who requires academic accommodations MUST contact Sonja Hood, director of disability services, to request an academic accommodation plan. Contact information: Simon Hall 129, (931) 393-1765, shood@mscc.edu Evaluation Plan (subject to revision): |Task |Weight | |Exam 1 (Chapters 10-12) |10% | |Exam 2 (Chapters 13-16) |10% | |Exam 3 (Chapters 17,19-21) |10% | |Final exam (Chapters 1-10) |25% | |Quizzes (1 per each chapter) ...
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...Chapter 1 1. Analytical Chemistry- study that focuses on the composition of matter Physical Chemistry- Area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change Biochemistry- study of the process that take place in living organisms Organic Chemistry- study of all chemicals containing carbon Inorganic Chemistry-study of chemicals that do not contain carbon 2. A Teory is a well tested explanation, but a hypothesis is a well educated guess 3. Dependent Variable 4. Independent Variable Chapter 2 1. Intensive depends on the type of matter in a sample, but extensive depends on the amount of matter 2. Extensive 3. Mass- measure of amount of matter the object contains 4. Volume- measure of amount of space occupied by an object 5. Liquid- indefinite shape, yet fixed volume Gas- takes shape and volume of container Solid- definite shape and volume 6. Gases exist in the gases state at room temperature, vapor describe the gaseous state that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature 7. Physical change- some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material doesn’t 8. Mixture- a physical blend of two or more components 9. Homo-Composition uniform throughout Hetero-not uniform 10. Solution- homogeneous mixture 11. Filtration and distillation 12. water to gas, back to water 13. Element- simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties -Compound- a substance...
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...Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Chemical Bonding PART I On the line at the left of each statement, write the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or best answers the question. ______ 1. An ionic bond results from electrical attraction between a. cations and anions. b. atoms. c. dipoles. d. orbital. ______ 2. A nonpolar covalent bond is unlikely when two atoms of different elements join because the atoms are likely to differ in a. density. b. state of matter. c. electronegativity. d. polarity. ______ 3. Bond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at a. their minimum potential energy. b. their maximum kinetic energy. c. their maximum potential energy. d. one-half the diameter of the electron cloud. ______ 4. To draw a Lewis structure, it is not necessary to know a. which atoms are in the molecule. b. bond energies. c. the number of valence electrons for each atom. d. the number of atoms in the molecule. ______ 5. For multiple covalent bonds to form in molecules, the molecules must contain carbon, nitrogen, or a. chlorine. b. hydrogen. c. oxygen. d. helium. ______ 6. The principle that states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom has eight electrons in its highest occupied energy level is called the a. rule of eights. b. configuration rule. c. Avogadro principle. d. octet rule. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Modern Chemistry 51 Chapter Test Back Print Name Class Date Chapter Test B...
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...Chemistry Modern Analytical Chemistry David Harvey DePauw University Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto McGraw-Hill Higher Education A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies MODERN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Copyright © 2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 KGP/KGP 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 0–07–237547–7 Vice president and editorial director: Kevin T. Kane Publisher: James M. Smith Sponsoring editor: Kent A. Peterson Editorial assistant: Jennifer L. Bensink Developmental editor: Shirley R. Oberbroeckling Senior marketing manager: Martin J. Lange Senior project manager: Jayne Klein Production supervisor: Laura Fuller Coordinator of freelance design: Michelle D. Whitaker Senior photo research coordinator: Lori Hancock Senior supplement coordinator: Audrey A. Reiter Compositor: Shepherd, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Minion Printer: Quebecor Printing Book Group/Kingsport Freelance cover/interior designer: Elise Lansdon Cover image: © George Diebold/The...
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...AS Answers Extension teacher notes questions Answers to examination-style 1 (a) (i) graph starts at origin graph skewed to left and has decreasing gradient to maximum graph after maximum decreases in steepness, never touches x-axis, levels out less than 5 mm from x-axis (b) minimum energy to start a reaction (c) molecules gain energy when they collide with each other (d) decreases reaction goes by an alternative route which has a lower Ea (therefore more molecules have energy >Ea) 2 (a) the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur (b) axes labelled: y: number (or fraction or %) of molecules; x: energy curve starts at origin skewed to right approaches x-axis as an asymptote 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chemistry Chapter 8 Marks Examiner’s tips You must remember to do all these things. This is worth 3 marks here. Remember that the curve has a decreasing gradient on the left. It is not ‘bell-shaped’. When two particles collide, one gains energy and the other loses energy. In this way particles pass on energy. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction and is unchanged at the end. It works by providing an alternative route of lower activation energy. 1 1 The question talks about molecules so don’t label the axis atoms! 1 1 1 1 A curve that levels off >10% of max. peak height or a curve that crosses the energy axis will not score this last mark. Curve must not cross T1 curve twice. This can also be shown on a correctly labelled diagram. You could also...
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...Handbook Copyright © DECEMBER 2005 by Bret Terrill. ISBN 1-887641-47-5 Published by American International Press. All rights reserved. www.aipbooks.com We’d like to thank Bret’s dad whose Tivo© and love of MacGyver made this book possible. So blame him. Chapter I: Great Escapes Chapter List Keep Your Cool: Escape from a Meat Locker Take That, Indy: Escape from a Pit of Snakes The Amazing MacGyver: Escape from a Straitjacket while Trapped Underwater Escape from an Incinerator Escape a Pack of Hunting Dogs Escape from the Basement of a Collapsed Building Escape from Being Blown to Kibbles and Bits Chapter II: Car Troubles Make a Stick-Shift Car Drive Itself Repair a Busted Brake Line While in a Moving Car Fake a Flat Tire Recharge a Car Battery with a Bottle of Wine Lift Your Car with a Innertube Repair a Broken Fuel Line with a Ballpoint Pen A MacGyver Classic: Make an Arcwelder from a Car Battery and Pocket Change Chapter List Chapter III: Angus Macgyver: Superspy/ Chemistry Teacher Make a Fire Extinguisher with the Contents of Your Kitchen Cabinet stop an Acid Leak with a Chocolate Bar Read the Contents of a Burned Sheet of Paper Make Your Own Homemade Tear Gas Make a Homemade Spectroscope Create Your Own Homemade Fog Develop Photos with Battery Acid, Ammonia, and Orange Juice Power a Radio with a Cactus Use a Photographic Fixer as an Antidote and an Icepack Chapter List Chapter IV: Breaking and Entering (use only for good,...
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...Name Date Class CHAPTER 8 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Covalent Bonding Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond In your textbook, read about the nature of covalent bonds. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. covalent bond molecule sigma bond exothermic pi bond When sharing of electrons occurs, the attachment between atoms that results is called a(n) (1) . When such an attachment is formed, bond dissociation energy is released, and the process is (2) . When two or more atoms bond by means of electron sharing, the resulting particle is called a(n) (3) . If the electrons shared are centered between the two atoms, the attachment is called a(n) (4) . If the sharing involves the overlap of parallel orbitals, the attachment is called a(n) (5) . In your textbook, read about single and multiple bonds and bond strength. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6. In what form do elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen normally occur? a. as single atoms c. as molecules containing three atoms b. as molecules containing two atoms d. as molecules containing four atoms 7. How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond? c. none b. one c. two d. four 8. Bond length is the distance between d. two molecules of...
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...I Introduction Technology I.1 What is technology? I.2 First inventors I.3 How science affects technology I.4 How technology affects science I.5 Discussion questions 2 Chemistry connects to . . . . . . I.1 What is technology? Think for a moment what it might be like to live in the 14th century. Image that you could travel back in time and found yourself in a small European village in 1392. What do you think you would find? How would you cook your food? Would you use an oven, a fire, or a microwave? How would you eat your food? Do you think you could use a plastic cup to drink your milk? How would you go from one city to the next? Could you get on a train or would you have to walk or ride a horse? How would you send a her or call her on your cell phone? message to your mom telling her you’ll be late for dinner? Can you email How would you get your clothes? Can you shop at a 14th century mall, or on the internet? And what would your clothes be made of? Technology Level I Introduction 3 Do you think you could find pink spandex shorts or would they have to be made of brown cotton? Think for a moment how different everything would be if you were to live in the 14th century. Many of the items you use today are a result of technology. Your cell phone, microwave oven, washing machine, and plastic cup are all the result of scientific discoveries combined with engineering that have allow people to invent products that have improved the...
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...Centre for Foundation Studies, UTAR Chapter Scopes FHSC1124 Organic Chemistry Alkanes • IUPAC Nomenclature / naming of aliphatic alkanes and cycloalkanes • Physical properties • Combustion reactions • Free-radical substitution reactions & mechanism • Crude oil and “cracking” Chapter 2 Introduction to Alkanes IUPAC Nomenclature • Simplest member of hydrocarbon family • General formula of alkanes = CnH2n+2 • Alkanes = Paraffins (hydrocarbons with general formula CnH2n+2) • Aliphatic compounds: open chain / acyclic compounds • The names of alkanes end with suffix -ane. • Saturated hydrocarbon: only have C−C & C−H single bonds & contain the maximum possible number of H per C. 3 IUPAC Rules 1. Select the longest continuous C chain as parent chain (use root word for the no. of C) 2. Name each of the branch/substituents as an alkyl / aryl group 3. Number the C chain beginning from the end nearest to the branch ⇒ branch/substituents appear at the lowest no. possible FHSC1124 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY • IUPAC International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry • The IUPAC nomenclature system is a set of logical rules devised and used by organic chemists to name the organic compounds. Prefix − Parent − Suffix What are the How many What family? substituents? carbons? IUPAC Rules 4. Name each substituent according to its chemical identity & the no. of the C atom to which it is attached ⇒ For identical substituent, use the prefix ...
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...Chapter 2 “The Chemistry of Life” Worksheet ANSWERS Section Review 2-1 1. Protons; neutrons 2. electrons 3. neutrons 4. electrons 5. ionic 6. The two main types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds 7. At atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses electrons 8. Electrons and protons are both subatomic particles; however, they have different charges and locations within the atom. 9. When atoms are joined together by covalent bonds, the structure that results is a molecule. 10. The property of radioactive isotopes that is useful for dating is that they break down at a constant rate over time. Section Review 2-2 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. Polarity in a water molecule is caused by an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. 9. the concentration of H+ ions determines whether a solution is acidic or basic 10. Capillary action is the effect of water rising in a narrow tube against the force of gravity. 11. Two types of mixtures are solutions and suspensions 12. A base is a compound that can form a basic solution when dissolved. 13. Acidic solutions have a lower pH than pure water. This is due to the greater concentration of H+ ions than pure water. 14. Strong acids and bases are dangerous to cells. Buffers are dissolved compounds that help prevent sharp, sudden swings in pH. Section Review 2-3 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins ...
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...Introductory Chemistry Introduction Instructor: Dr. Tao Tao Course Section: CHEM1405.6013-6014 Meeting Time: TTh 6:00pm-9:10pm Bldg 13-629 Office Hours: TTh 5:30 pm-6:00 pm Contact: tao.tao@lonestar.edu Introductory Chemistry 2 Course Material Requirements • Textbook – Introductory Chemistry, by Nivaldo J. Tro 5th edition • Chapters 1-4, 6-10, 14 • Sections, 5.6-5.10, 12.4-12.8, 13.6-13.8 • Scientific Non-programmable Calculator • Safety Goggles for Lab • Lab Coat/Apron (Optional) Introductory Chemistry 3 Evaluation and Grade • Tests: 45%; 4 tests, best of 3, no make-up unless good excuses (documented, in advance notice) • Open-book Quizzes: 10%; best n-2, no make-up • Laboratory: 25% • Final Exam: 20% • Homework: Encouraged but not mandatory • Problem Set: Provides but not mandatory • Final withdrawal day: Nov. 10th, 2014 Introductory Chemistry 4 Lab Report/Grade Guideline • Pre-lab write-up (30%): Complete before lab starts, will be checked and signed for completeness – – – – Title/Date Aim/Purpose Introduction Procedures • Lab Performance and Quality of data (25%): will be checked and signed when leaving lab – Observations – Collect and record data • Post-lab (40%) – Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), – Discussions/Conclusions – Post-lab questions if any • Overall Report Neatness (5%) • Report due one week after the completion of experiment for full credit; after two weeks, no report will be accepted, and no credit...
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...Syllabus |Discipline Prefix: CHM |Course Number: 111 |Course Title: College Chemistry I | | |Course Section: D04B | | |Credit Hours: 4 |Lecture Hours: 3 |Clinical Hours: |Lab Hours: 3 | |Contact Hours: 6 |Studio Hours: N/A |Semester: Fall | |Meeting Days/Time/Location: Fridays/1:30pm-4:20pm/Science Building | Instructor Information Name: Dr. Shahin Maaref Office Location: JD-30 Office Hours: TRF 9:00am-11:00am, TR 4:30pm-5:30pm & by appointment Contact Information: 822-7692 Blackboard site: http://learn.vccs.edu Instructor email address: smaaref@tcc.edu Course Information Course Description Explores the fundamental laws, theories, and mathematical concepts of chemistry. Designed primarily for science and engineering majors. Requires a strong background in mathematics. Part I of II. Prerequisites and/or Co-requisites Prequisites - None Corequisites – None It is recommended to have H.S. chemistry or CHM01 as prerequisites and MTH 03 or MTE 06 level or higher. General Education Core Competencies Supported...
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...The Effectiveness of Scientific Games in Teaching Chemistry Concept A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of College of Education Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Basic Research Prof. Ed. 11 Submitted by: Glenda C. Perlota Reymund G. Reyes Jay-Ar D. Rivera Ronald A. Sato Macel T. Solis Avegail B. Vega School Year 2007-2008 Submitted to: Mrs. Eleanor S. Arcillas TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………i Abstract………………………………………………………………………..ii CHAPTER 1: Problems and its Background………………………………5 Introduction…………………………………………………….5 Theoretical Framework…………………..…………………..6 Conceptual Framework………………………..……………..7 Statement of the Problem……………………..……………..9 Research Hypothesis…………………………………………9 Significance of the Study………………………..…………..10 Scope and Delimitation………………………………………11 Definition of Terms…………………………….……………..12 CHAPTER 2: Review Related Literature…………………………………...14 Foreign Literature…………………………………………….15 Local Literature……………………………………..………...16 CHAPTER 3: Methodology……………………………………..…………….20 Method Used…………………………………………………..20 Respondent of the Study……………………………………20 Sources of Data……………………………………...
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