...Century of Chicano History” In the book “A Century of Chicano History” we discover that in the 1900’s most of the population in California because of the labor work available was the Mexicans. Men as well as women were either retaining a visa or smuggling their way into California to work mainly in agriculture. Discrimination was a major part in history for the Mexicans and also the Chicanos. Some Mexicans entered the United States on permanent visas during the 1920s. But many more entered informally before passage became restrictive. There was so much labor work available that the Mexicans were not waiting to obtain a visa and instead were making there way through the border illegally. Even after establishment of more stringent immigration rules and procedures, thousands continued to cross without legal authority. Many of them were ignorant of the required legal processes; others sought to avoid the head tax, the expense of a visa, and bureaucratic delays at the border. Coyotes were being used as the professional labor contractors and border-crossing experts that were known often received commissions from U.S. businesses. They began the industry of smuggling people and forging documents and which till this day continues to exist. Most Mexican immigrants settled in the Southwest. A big percentage of Mexican born as a U.S. resident lived in California. They entered nearly every occupation classifying them selves as unskilled or semi-skilled. Chicanos became...
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...Mexicans as well the indigenous people never fully assimilated into American society, Mexicans as well as the indigenous became a colonized group of people within the United States conquest. After many years of institutionalized racism, Mexicans began to develop an identity, Chicano was a way for people to identify with who they were, and became the staple to gather up the masses as well as go against an unjust system that have not only put them in a position of isolation and segregation, but have too denied them the ability to gain access to the equality of rights that have once been fought for in relation to the Treaty of...
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...The Chicano Movement began during the civil rights era with three goals, which are, rights for farm workers, restoration of land, and education reforms. Latinos lacked influence in the national political arena before the 1960s. That changed when John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960, this established Latinos as a significant voting bloc. After Kennedy was sworn into office, he appointed Hispanics to posts in his administration but he also considered the concerns of the Hispanic community. Mexican Americans began demanding that reforms be made in labor, education, and other sectors to meet their needs. Chicano radicals began demanding that the land is given to Mexican Americans during the civil rights era. They believed that it constituted...
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...Chicano Culture in LA “Chicano” is the culiminitive expression of social, political, and ethnic identity that derived from Latin American identity in the mid 1900’s. This movement thrived in places with higher concentrations of latin american people, and created a sense of pride that spread throughout the nation to create a form of self expression and identity for latin-american individuals that didn’t quite fit in to society. The original mindset was that they were too brown to be American, and too white to be Latino. According to (>>>)“Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed negative ethnic stereotypes of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness.” Essentially, they didn’t fit in to existing cultures; latin american people faced alienation from both the American culture they were born into, and the ethnic culture they descended from. This originated in the 1910 demand for labor in the U.S in the midwest-- “Mexicans began to migrate in large numbers after the Mexican Revolution in 1910, attracted to a demand for labor, especially in the midwest. They entered at a time where U.S residents were likely to be suspicious of immigrants.”(Donato, 1994)...
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...The Cesar Chavez Chicano Movement was founded by Cesar Chavez himself. The movement was a movement for Latino immigrants to have equal rights in multiple aspects. One of these aspects included equal education opportunities. In the 1960s Latino students were discriminated against. The video gives an example that it was frowned upon for a student to even ask her teacher a question due to the fact that she wasn’t going to college, she was going to end up pregnant. At the point of this movement, a small portion of Latin American students were graduating. This was especially alarming due to the fact that the Latin American population in schools was already so small. The Latino students wanted a change for themselves. The movement’s main objective...
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...Chicanos wanted a space in the ivory tower to have a better opportunity of achieving the “American Dream” than the previous generation which was perceived as dirty, poor, and uneducated. Chicano Studies is driven by of hope, faith, and hard work for a better understanding of history and demand for change. The term Chicano is now progressively changing as community members want to make the term more inclusive. The impetus began with el movimiento in the 1960-1970s demanding farm worker rights (1965), student rights (1968), and racial/historical recognition (1977). In El Plan de Santa Barbara, by the Chicano Coordinating Council on Higher Education, implies a Chicano is identified as a self-identifying term which is a generative root idea. The...
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...Film Review (Chicano Education Movement) The 60s are the true beginning for the Chicano movement however, I did not realize that it began with Chicano students protesting for better education. The film enlightens the harsh realities that most Chicano students faced. It turns out that most schools showed clear signs of prejudice and discrimination towards most Chicano students. Teachers made kids ashamed of their culture and showed little to no concern to the Chicano students. According to the film one of four Chicano students graduated from high school. Even after the case "Brown versus the Board" students were treated unfairly. The film suggest that it was the lack of concern for the education of Chicanos that began to challenge the traditional perception of Chicanos. Sal Castro who was a teacher at East High School helped organize students to protest. 4000 students walked out of East high, they brought attention to their cause however, some of it was not wanted. The film talks about how the Brown Berets who were a more radical group fighting for Chicanos got involved and supposedly represented security for the students. It was fascinating to see how the school board reacted after days of walk outs, they basically did nothing for a while. Walkouts continued and tensions increased, but many tried to keep things under control. If frustration got to the students then that would have led to a riot instead of a peaceful protest. Regardless, it did not matter to the police, the...
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...Santana 1 Chicano Civil Rights Movement The Chicano Civil Rights Movement also called El Movimento in Spanish it went on from the 40’s through the 70’s. The 60’s is when they really made a stand. The movement was when Chicano’s took a stand for themselves. They stood for not only Chicanos but raises to follow. They saw what the Chicanos did and wanted to do that for their own race. The main reason for the movement was plain and clear, equality. The movement consisted of land grants, farm workers, enhanced education, to voting and political rights(Jose). They were not being treated fairly and eventually got tired of it and that’s when enough was enough and the movement started. There were four pillars to the Chicano movement. The first was land grant of New Mexico from 1966 through 1967. This was where Reis Lopez Tijerina was fighting to convince the government to honor the Treaty of Hidalgo. So Tijerina went to the court house with his followers they went there to free prisoners that were imprisoned for standing up in what they believed in which was the land grant. In doing so a gun battle broke out come to find out that the prisoners weren’t even there and neither was the district attorney, who they were going for initially. Their land had been taken away and given to farmers, ranchers, and other...
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...GLORIA ANZALDUA How to Tame a Wild Tongue Gloria Anzaldua was born in 1942 in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas. At age eleven. she began working in the fields as a migrant worker and then on her family's land after the death of her father. Working her way through school, she eventually became a schoolteacher and then an academic, speaking and writing about feminis t, lesbian, and Chicana issues and about autobiography. She is best known for This Bridge CalJed My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color ( 1981), which she edited with Cherrie Moraga, and BorderlandsfLa Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Anzaldua died in 2004. "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" is from BorderlandsfLa Frontera. In it, Anzaldua is concerned with many kinds of borders - between nations, cultures, classes, genders, languages. When she writes, "So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language" (par. 27), Anzaldua is arguing for the ways in which identity is intertwined with the way we speak and for the ways in which people can be made to feel ashamed of their own tongues. Keeping hers wild - ignoring the closing of linguistic borders - is Anzaldua's way of asserting her identity. "We're going to have to control your tongue," the dentist says, pulling out all the metal from my mouth. Silver bits plop and tinkle into the basin. My mouth is a motherlode.· The dentist is cleaning out my roots. I get a whiff of the stench when I gasp. "I can't cap that tooth yet, you're still draining," he...
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...Mexican-Americans dealt with the inequality, until the 1960’s when they decided that there had to be an end to all the discrimination that Mexicans faced, and started what is now known as the Chicano Movement. The Chicano Movement had a huge impact on not only Chicanos, but also on the nation. A) During the 60’s there were several civil rights movements that took place, and according to Rodolfo F. Acuna “the bases of social movements were inequality, and a moral outrage at the lack of fairness in the system” (Acuna 287), and this is what the Chicano Movement was. In order to understand the Chicano Movement, it must be defined; in short, the Chicano Movement was part of the Civil Rights movement during the 60’s whose goal was to get better education, voting rights, equal wages, and restoration of land grants; as it had originally been agreed to in the Treaty of Hidalgo. The word “Chicano” used to be considered a bad word, a word used to describe the Mexican-Americans, whose parents were immigrants. It wasn’t until the 1960’s that the word “Chicano” became more politically correct (definition handout). The history of the Chicano Movement is very important, and is part of the reason why current generation Mexicans have the freedom they do today. According to Acuna, during the sixties the Chicano...
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...duran@csun.edu The following annotated bibliography is one possible, general example. Students should be alert and adhere to specific requirements that might vary with each professor’s assignment or to the course subject discipline. APA now requires the use of the DOI (Digital Object Identifier), if the DOI is known, in place of the “Retrieved on…” statement with the database name or web address Acuña, R. (1996). Anything but Mexican : Chicanos in contemporary Los Angeles. New York : Verso. Provides a focused perspective on the role of the Chicana in the workforce and education through the use of historical documents. Includes relevant evidence about the contributions of Chicanas to the Chicana/o movement throughout Southwest history with examples from education, politics, and the economy. Addresses pertinent social justice issues and responses by both the Chicana/o and the anglo populations. Acuña, R. (2000). Occupied America : A history of Chicanos. New York : Longman. Described the gender inequality within the Chicano Movement and the impact of Chicana feminism on the overall progress of 1970s social actions. Comprehensive coverage of the Chicana/o history with a careful examination and analysis of key events and players in the quest for ethnic and gender equality Cabrera, . L., & Padilla, A.M. (2004, May). Entering and succeeding in the “Culture of College”: The story of two Mexican heritage students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 26(2), 152-169...
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...The documentary Latino Americans: Pride and Prejudice revolves around the civil rights movement of chicano Americans. The documentary describes societal issues concerning hispanics in the mid 20th century and how the chicano community worked to overcome the injustice set upon them. The documentary describes a program instated during WWII called the Bracero program which allowed for hispanic laborers to immigrate to the U.S. for work that involved manual labor. These chicano laborers were a very integral part of the economy and daily life in the United States as they were the backbone of agriculture and manual labor. These people were treated as second class citizens as they were subjected to segregation laws which prohibited them from practicing...
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...“Queer Aztlan” by Cherrie Moraga and “Mapping the Margins” by Kimberle Crenshaw, reveal not only how multiple categories of identity impact women of color, but also the ways in which social movements fail to acknowledge and understand their experiences. By illuminating the establishment of Queer Aztlan in the Chicano queer community and the exclusion of violence against women of color in anti-racist and feminist discourse, Moraga and Crenshaw distinctly address the marginalization of women of color. Of course, Moraga specifically points out how Chicano Nationalism and the Gay and Lesbian Movement pose limitations to most gay and lesbian Chicanos. Moraga moves the process of Queer Aztlan forward in order to form a space that encompasses an inclusive...
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...Ana Perez Cortes ID 170 4:00-5:15 Chicana Liberation Through Art Art has been a crucial element in the Chicana feminist movement. There were many Chicana artist such as Yolanda Lopez, Alma Lopez, and Ester Hernandez. Among the artist there were many different styles used but they all had the same objective which was to fight against the gender stereotypes that they suffered in the Chicano Movement as well as the discrimination the received in society. This could be seen in the art they created such as the radical interpretations of the Virgin of Guadalupe. Intersectionality was also important in their paintings since they both received discrimination for their race and their gender both in the movement and outside the movement. The...
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...Rosa Linda Fregoso states in an introduction to her book, The Bronze Screen that "Chicano refers to a space where subjectivity is produced." (Fregoso) The message I got from what Fregoso quote meant is that many people have their own opinions; for example they may believe that in order to be Chicano you must be of Mexican decent, dress a certain way, talk with a certain attitude. However if this were the case Chicano would be considered a race but it is not. Fregoso emphasizes clearly that the root idea of Chicanismo is praxis. She asserts that there isn’t any set characteristics one must have in order to be considered a Chicano however it’s about acknowledging problems that arise in the community and dealing with them in a positive manner....
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