... 2) Introduction and research question ………... 3 3) Methodology and Method……………………... 8 4) Key Findings……………………………………... 16 5) Analysis and Discussion………………………. 25 6) Limitations………………………………………... 28 7) Conclusion and recommendation…………….. 29 8) Bibliography………………………………………. 30 1) Abstract This literature review explores the concept of direct contact, and what impact it has on the challenges that face adopted children. It begins by discussing adoption, contact and the meaning of these concepts. The key findings are then analysed and discussed in correlation to social work practice. From the literature analysed it would seem that direct contact has a positive impact on the challenges facing adopted children. These include, identity development,attachment development and reduced feelings of loss. Recommendation for future practice and research; although there is much to be learnt from research that has been carried out to date, simple formulas and rules cannot be applied; decisions made around contact require case by case assessment of the risks and benefits. Furthermore, long term, large scale research needs to be carried out to examine the effects of direct post adoption contact on children’s lives as they continue to develop and their needs change. 2) Introduction Children in families formed by adoption have challenges, or ‘additional...
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...Analysis of Research Report Paper Daphnnee Johnson HCS/438 February 18, 2011 Denise Hodo Analysis of Research Report Paper This article studied and surveyed adoption agencies around the world to discover their policies and attitudes toward lesbian and gay people as prospective adoptive parents. A survey was used as the statistical procedure and a chi-square test was used as a statistical test. The statistical procedure used in this study of adoption is a questionnaire. They were mailed to directors of adoption programs from public and private adoption agencies across the United States. The total was 891. Two-hundred-fourteen of the questionnaires were used in the study. The questionnaires were from 194 private adoption agencies from 45 different states and 20 questionnaires from 20 public adoption agencies from 13 different states. From the 214 questionnaires used in the study, 165 were women and only 28 were men. The mean of their ages were 46.5. “The questionnaire was designed to identify current adoption agency policies and practices, as well as social casework attitudes, regarding adoption of children by lesbians and gay men.” The questionnaire conducted was of 13 questions. These 13 questions asked about agency type, religious affiliation, number of placements for adoption made within the two-year period of 1995-1996, percentage of placements involving domestic infants...
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...This paper discusses and defends the argument that same-sex couples should be granted the right to adopt. Although every state in the United States has recently passed laws allowing these types of adoption to take place, many people still oppose and protest against it. As this controversial topic grows even more evident, it's important for people to realize the facts and statistics of homosexual couples adopting in order for them to consciously pick a side to agree with. This paper will present you with three valid reasons on why these parents should be treated equally, along with details to support them. Keywords: adoption, homosexual couples, human rights Adoption Rights for Same-Sex Couples To quote Anne Hathaway, “Love is a human experience, not a political statement.” Why then, is love often restricted by the laws of a state or...
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...Running Head: GAY AND LESBIAN ADOPTION Gay and Lesbian Adoption Argumentative Emily Stroud Everest University Abstract Lesbian and gay adoption has been widely controversial across the globe. This social issue is tremendously discussed by religious, political and social groups which have been providing numerous statistics, figures and major researches on the effects of same sex couples to the mental and emotional growth of children. At the inception of the 21st century, many countries have shifted and adjusted to different kind of perspective. Many government leaders have actually allowed same sex marriages as well gay and lesbian adoption. This paper aims to provide the readers some facts and research studies concerning the impact of same sex couples to the upbringing of their adopted children. This paper intends to open the minds of the audience concerning both sides of the issue. The paper does not provide any preference or does not promote any viewpoint relating to religious teaching or significant educational research. The information regarding same sex adoption is presented below and depends on one’s perspective whether or not to consider it acceptable on your standards and morals. Introduction Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) adoption or same sex adoption has been considered legal during the inception of the 21st century. There...
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...Inter-country Adoption: A Brief Background and Case Study Inter-country adoption (ICA) is a practice that has gained popularity over the years, and there is every reason to believe this trend will continue. For couples (or individuals) whose country of residence has few healthy babies available for adoption, going outside the country for a child is a desirable option. It is also desirable from the perspective of the child, who usually comes from a country with more available children than potential adoptive parents. Right away, these seem to be two very compelling reasons to support the idea of inter-country adoption, and work toward its best model. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of inter-country adoption using India as a case study. The paper will give a brief background of ICA and the main problems it both addresses and raises, then look at the case of India in particular, and, finally, provide some directions for policy and further research. Background on ICA ICA began in earnest as a response by North American countries to the post-WWII devastation. At that point, it was a humanitarian reaction to the needs of the newly-orphaned children in Europe. Since that time, ICA has shifted its focus to become a means for individuals in the developed world to have children. In most Western nations, the number of healthy infants available for adoption has been steadily decreasing, due to a number of social and economic factors including widespread...
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...dimensions. This paper compares the Canadian 2011 Employment Insurance Maternity and Parental Benefits (EI) scheme to the parental leave provisions provided for in the Australian Fair Work Act 2009, in an attempt to assess the extent of major differences in the platforms and to extract any advantages and disadvantages of the systems. The provisions and use of unpaid parental leave vary due to eligibility criteria and segmentation of the workforce. Canadian maternity, paternity and parental leave is administered on the provincial level, creating differences in leave guarantees across provinces. A separate “federal jurisdiction” covers employees of companies working in inter-provincial or international commerce or for the federal government, regardless of their province of residence (Doucet, Lero & Tremblay, 2013). Since the ten provinces and three territories deliver the programme, they modify some details. These variations are minimal. In this analysis, we have taken the median amount of leave guaranteed by these 13 jurisdictions. At present, sections 67 to 85 of the Australian Fair Work Act 2009 (FWA) set out the legislative provisions for parental leave. Australia provides three types of child-based leave: maternity, paternity and adoptive leave. Substantive Differences in Parental Leave Provisions between Australia and Canada (i) Duration of Leave Australia guarantees new parents a total of 52 weeks of leave per childbirth. Also, parents can extend child-care leave for...
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...Adoption: The Negative Emotional Impact of Adoption Research Writing Introduction Growing up there is one point in time when all children wish they had different parents or wished they could be adopted by adults who are “cool, understandable, and rich” because out parents seemed to always find a way to ruin our lives. Unfortunately this is no wish for some children, being adopted by strangers is some children’s reality. Adoption is viewed as a lifetime commitment to raise babies or children who are not biologically yours into the best person they can be. People who adopt get that great sense of satisfaction that they reached out and changed a person’s life. Even though the adopters get that great sense of satisfaction, no one stops to think about the hurt and negative emotions that the adoptee may feel in regards to their adoption. Adoption can have a harmful negative reaction impact on the adoptees as they go through their journey of life. I believe that even though there are negative emotions that come with adoption there are some solutions such as therapy to cope with the emotions. Review of the Literature The emotional effect adoption can have on a child is a problem in society today. Researchers show there are different aspects of adoption people need to understand and different ways to cope with adoptees and the emotional hurt they feel. The following researchers discuss different emotional effects adoption can have on adopted children. Child Welfare...
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...Foster Care in the United States Sue King Liberty University Abstract The history of foster care in the United States started with orphan trains and the Children’s Aid Society founded by Charles Loring Brace. Recent research describes the child welfare system as an organization that provides service to helpless children in need. This paper will discuss foster care as it is relates to safety, permanency, and wellbeing of children in need The role of a foster parent and the process of loss, and grief after a child leave their biological parents will be discussed. Research suggests that Courts has the final decision whether a child will stay in foster care or return home. This paper will describe the developmental impact that foster care has on children after losing their biological family. There are several risk factors associated with poverty. This paper will discuss the significance of children reuniting with their biological parents and/or being adopted for permanency. Empirical evidence from recent research confirmed that hard times during childhood was related to health problems later in life. Foster care reform, educational outcomes, economic incentives for adoption, mentors and home visitation programs should be implemented to improve the foster care system. Keywords: foster care, developmental, health problems, orphan trains Foster Care in the United States The prevalence rate is high for foster care in the United States. The history...
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...Closed versus Open Adoption Week 6, Exercise 2 Research Paper English 141 April 22, 2012 Society has gone through changes but many of the foundations of the adoption system are related to how the world was. The matter in which children are adopted is still based on primitive ideas of the past. Forty years ago, the idea of a single mother was an unthinkable and shameful situation. Women were expected to be proper and wait for marriage before making love to a man. The social opinions were important and life altering at that period. Society has conformed to a less conserivative outlook over the past years. The opinions of other people is not relevant in the twenty first century, people do as they please with no concern of others judgments. Along with the change of how people think, a change in the system should be required. In the past closed adoption was used to protect the birth mother’s name and not bring shame to the baby. In this new time woman, more often give up a baby because of money issues or age, not for the fear of gossip. All adoptions should be performed in an open adoption system. Open adoption provides a solution to the emotion distress involved in adoption and has more good aspects then that of closed adoption. Closed adoption is an impersonal trade-off...
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...that could influence my teaching techniques and ideas. The most interesting part I learned during the different presentations is the language and religious barriers. If I become a teacher in a different town or part of the state it is important to research demographics and I now have some sources to reference. I plan to use what I have learned by referencing the handout provided and really using the diversity within my classroom as a benefit. A respectful outlook from teachers and students was one of most mentioned teacher tips. In an interview a Somalian immigrant mother said “I think children learn to be scared of my children. We are not scary. Boys dress same. Girls dress different....
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...During the early half of the twentieth century many psychologist thought that cuddling a child or showing to much affection would make them week, leaving them unable to take care of themselves later in life. As psychologist now know today this is a false fact. Research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, and how they react to new and possibly stressful situations. As the following pages will explain how it is better to show children at an early age love and affection to help the lead a more productive and secure life leading to adulthood. This paper explores a little more in depth about this theory, I will reference from Harlow’s Monkey Experiment, Anna Freud and Psychology Eleventh Edition. Harry Harlow (1905-1981) conducted an experiment where he took new born monkeys from their mothers at birth and provided them sergeant mothers; one of the mothers was made entirely from wire and only had a bottle that provided food. The other was covered in a soft terry cloth and could only provide comfort. Harlow found that regardless of whether or not the cloth covered mother provided food or affection, the infant monkeys would cling to her for comfort. The babies assigned to wire mesh mothers were adequately fed, but their needs for psychological nurture and tactile comfort were ignored, and they consequently displayed behaviors resembling autism. The baby monkeys assigned to terry cloth mothers...
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...There has been a long debate and much research into the Nature vs. Nurture theories. Being that do we inherit traits from our biological parents or does the environments in which we are raised contribute to how we turn out as adults. Sometimes it seems that that there is no black or white answer to the age-old question of what contributes to human behavior, personality, and psychopathology. There are common traits within biological parents that children can pick up but it seems that in some cases, children can be adaptive to their environment. So we shall examine this curiosity that takes us into finding out whether we are genetically inherit to some of the biological traits of our parents or if living in certain environments develop our social well being. There have been studies into schizophrenia and the genetic traits that may be passed on to the children. The study was conducted to observe children who had biological parents who suffered from schizophrenia and their adoptive parents showed no signs of the illness. The study was also conducted on children from biological parents who showed no signs of schizophrenia adopted by a parent who later showed signs or family history of the illness. The research showed that although there is no definitive answer for what causes schizophrenia, children whose biological parents that suffered from schizophrenia had a higher recidivism rate for contracting the disease. “This study also showed that the adoptees whose biological...
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...Unit 2, Ind. Project , American Intercontinental University Theories of Crime causation Criminal justice 105 Abstract This paper discusses the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. The author of this paper includes examples that she found through research studies. The author also includes the results and findings for twin, adoption and testosterone studies that were conducted by top professionals in the study of genetics and the biological environments that surround us. The author also has listed some of the dangers of suggesting that there is in fact a criminal gene in the field of Criminal justice that is in existence and what the repercussions would be if it was proven to be the truth. This paper is informative and professionally cited. Discuss the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. Criminality is definitely influenced by genetic factors as well as environment. For example studies were conducted among adopted children that have a biological parent that is a criminal these children have a higher risk of engaging in criminal activities, according to Richard J. Hernstein. He asserts that there have been many other studies that confirm certain physical traits, such as muscularity, gender and some have an extra Y chromosome, these children were also at a higher risk of committing crime. Therefore the late Hernstein argues, it’s refutable that criminal behavior has a genetic source. All...
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...Unit 2, Ind. Project , American Intercontinental University Theories of Crime causation Criminal justice 105 Abstract This paper discusses the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. The author of this paper includes examples that she found through research studies. The author also includes the results and findings for twin, adoption and testosterone studies that were conducted by top professionals in the study of genetics and the biological environments that surround us. The author also has listed some of the dangers of suggesting that there is in fact a criminal gene in the field of Criminal justice that is in existence and what the repercussions would be if it was proven to be the truth. This paper is informative and professionally cited. Discuss the merits of the idea that genetics are a source for criminal behavior. Criminality is definitely influenced by genetic factors as well as environment. For example studies were conducted among adopted children that have a biological parent that is a criminal these children have a higher risk of engaging in criminal activities, according to Richard J. Hernstein. He asserts that there have been many other studies that confirm certain physical traits, such as muscularity, gender and some have an extra Y chromosome, these children were also at a higher risk of committing crime. Therefore the late Hernstein argues, it’s refutable that criminal behavior has a genetic source. All...
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...The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China. This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the...
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