...dual-income households. This in turn has given rise to child care facilities in Canada and also raised the issue of having on-site child care for employees. The objective of this report is to investigate the bearings that implementing on-site child care could mean for a Canadian business. The scope is limited to exploring the opportunities and risks and does not take into consideration the financial cost of implementing and maintaining such facility. Background As of 2014, women represent 47.3% of the total work force in Canada, an increase of 10% since 1976 [Statistics Canada, 2015]. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Thousands Labour Force 18,450.5 18,619.6 18,809.5 19,037.8 19,124.5 Males 9,704.9 9,803.1 9,885.6 9,996.5 10,071.8 Females 8,745.6 8,816.5 8,923.9 9,041.3 9,052.7 Figure 1: Labour force characteristics by sex This means that an increasing number of households in Canada are dual-income households. Furthermore, as of 2001, statistics show that 65.8% of working women have children under the age of 2 years at home. [Statistics Canada, 2003]. There has also been a steady increase in child care facilities across Canada. In 2014, there were 1.20M regulated child care spaces, an increase of 213K spaces since 2012. [Friendly M.& Grady B.& Macdonald L.& Forer B, 2015]. Because of such high demand for child care facilities, more and more businesses are providing on-site child care for its employees. Opportunities and Risks When a business...
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...Helping Hands Child Care Assignment #2 Feasibility Study Executive Summary Statistics Canada released figures that named Saskatoon as the fastest growing metropolitan area in Canada along with having the youngest median age. Finding quality care for your child during those vital, formative years is one of the biggest challenges you'll face as a parent. 90% of a child's brain develops before kindergarten. It's important to find a care giver who provides the loving, fun, interactive care their precious child's brain needs. Helping Hands Child Care has been formed to provide quality licensed daycare to families in Saskatoon, providing a safe and healthy environment for children ages 6 weeks to 12 years old to learn and grow. The small atmosphere of Helping Hands Child Care will provide a home-like, stable setting, which is crucial to children at this stage in their life. Caring for fewer children allows for more one on one attention than is typically possible in a center-based childcare facility. In Saskatchewan, only not-for-profit centres are eligible for public funding of any kind. There are usually no (or very few) for-profit centres. There is a large market for licensed home day cares, as there is a centre-based space available for only 10.5% of children aged 0-5 years and only a regulated space for only 7.2% of children aged 0-12 years in Saskatchewan. Canadian women are on a slippery slope. Although the majority of women with children are in the paid labour force...
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...liability laws were very vague and lacked the concreteness to be consistent. The case of Childs v. Desormeaux is the current precedent that set the social liability of a host to a reasonable amount. Prior to this case, the laws were unclear and lacked the distinction between private and commercial social host liability. However, the precedent that was set forces people to be more responsible for their actions, creates a specific differentiation between private and commercial liability and gives a more definitive and specific ruling. Currently, Canada’s social liability laws are at a suitable medium of tort law and express a more definitive edict. The first argument to come up in any social host liability case is the prima facie duty of care. The literal definition of prima facie is, "at first sight". However, in this context it means, “Sufficient to establish a fact or raise a presumption” (Cornell Law). Duty of care is the legal responsibility to avoid causing harm to others and the public (Business Dictionary). In accordance to the Anns test their needs to be a relationship between the plaintive and the defendant, as well as foreseeability for there to be a duty of care. However, foreseeability alone is not enough to create a sufficient relationship between the host and the complainant. The deciding factor is whether there was negligence on the host’s part. However, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) stated that it is not the legal obligation of a private host to "monitor the conduct...
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...income. In Canada, the welfare system is a multi billion dollar government system that transfers money and services to Canadians that deal with many needs such as poverty, homelessness, unemployment, immigration, aging, illness, workplace injury, disability, and the needs of children, women, gay, lesbian, and transgendered people. The major welfare system programs include Social Assistance, the Canada Child Tax Benefit, Old Age Security and the Guaranteed Income Supplement, Employment Insurance, the Canada and Quebec Pension Plan, Workers’ Compensation, public education, medicare, social housing and social services. Programs are funded and delivered by the federal, provincial and municipal governments. While most applicants should view the program as a temporary bridge to uplift themselves through their lives, and for some applicants it may be a long term requirement that may be needed throughout their lives. When applying for these resources its important when putting information such as income and assets in a truthfully way such as marriage states or legal name upfront. Following the approach of their provincial or territorial counterpart, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) has adopted similar terms and conditions of social assistance programs. Funding for social assistance activities is provided by INAC to First Nations communities, who in turn deliver programs and services to community members. A Brief History of Federal Social Assistance: 1966 - Canada Assistance...
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...international commerce or for the federal government, regardless of their province of residence (Doucet, Lero & Tremblay, 2013). Since the ten provinces and three territories deliver the programme, they modify some details. These variations are minimal. In this analysis, we have taken the median amount of leave guaranteed by these 13 jurisdictions. At present, sections 67 to 85 of the Australian Fair Work Act 2009 (FWA) set out the legislative provisions for parental leave. Australia provides three types of child-based leave: maternity, paternity and adoptive leave. Substantive Differences in Parental Leave Provisions between Australia and Canada (i) Duration of Leave Australia guarantees new parents a total of 52 weeks of leave per childbirth. Also, parents can extend child-care leave for an additional 12 months after the initial period. Thus, the maximum amount of leave a family may take in relation to the birth or adoption of a new child is 104 weeks. On the other hand, Canada legislates parental leave on the provincial leave; the...
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...Historically, the symbolic definition of the ‘home’ represents a sanctuary and safe haven from the negative pressures and forces present in society. The ideology of home represents a sacred and consecrated institution which is responsible for providing individuals with refuge and safety. Often, the concept of home is broader than a physical dwelling, and encompasses an emotional characteristic, which often rids individuals of their worldly cares and reinforces their focus on the people and things they love. Since, it is widely regarded that humans, specifically children, are creatures of habit, the state of one’s home has been known to physiologically influence their behavior, emotions, and overall mental and physical health (Leichsenring, 2003). More specifically, the home provides a basis for enculturation, where it establishes the grounds for accepted norms and values within a social framework; dictating what is culturally permissible within this social setting. For children, the enculturation into the guidelines, rituals, expectations and social practices and assumptions present within the home, orients them, by providing a sense of acceptance, belonging and reality. Typically, the widespread assumptions of safety, protection and wellbeing for children are often associated with the dynamic between the family and home. However, recent revelations indicate that the home is increasingly becoming the grounds for the physical victimization of children. Children being vulnerable...
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...and more. They are granted with additional rights because they need extra help, support, and protection care. Children rely on an adult to take care of them, and defend their rights. It would be challenging for them without an adult there to help them reach their full potential and goals. The extra rights that children get, guide them and help them for a better future. Children must be protected from any work that may harm their health, development or education. All children have the right to an education, and they also have the right to the highest standard of medical and health care. They have the freedom of thought and religion as well as protection from any form of discrimination. Social workers have the ability and the obligation to remove children from unstable or unsafe homes for the safety of the child. The process of taking a child from their home can be very controversial, but in the end it’s for the benefit and the safety of the child. It allows access and support for the vulnerable children that they possibly did not have before. A bunch of organizations came together to form...
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...Child Care Policies around the World November 30, 2013 Human Growth and Development Multicultural Research Paper Child care policies differ around the world. Only four countries have no national law mandating paid time off for new parents. Liberia, Papua New Guinea, Switzerland, and the United States do not have laws. The United States does not have a policy of paid leave for child care however, each state has different requirements. Currently the United States falls well short of these practices. They do not require companies to provide any paid leave for new parents. Tennessee employers that have eight or more workers must grant female employees sixteen paid weeks leave for child birth. In California, Hawaii, and New Jersey employees who are pregnant receive partial wage replacement in the form of temporary disability insurance benefits for the weeks they are absent (HR specialty, 2013). European countries have the longest parental leave regulations in the world. In Czech Republic it is standard that mothers stay home for 3 years after a child’s birth. For this entire time, mothers are supported by the state. I can’t imagine getting paid to sit at home and take care of my child. Think of how lucky those parents are getting to see the children grow up doing all the first things in life. Sweden provides working parents with sixteen months paid leave per child at eighty percent pay rate (Karen, Sternheimer, 2010). Parents...
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...cultural practices and spiritual beliefs. More than one million people in Canada identify themselves as an Aboriginal person, according to the 2006 Census.” (Indigenous Nationhood) Although many Aboriginal peoples in Canada identify as being Aboriginal, many Aboriginal peoples struggle to maintain or gain a sense of cultural identity due to the Canadian Governments assimilation policies. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the Indian Act, the Canadian Residential School System, and the Sixties Scoop assimilated Aboriginal peoples into a European way of life, by attempting to integrate them into society by abolishing their Aboriginal identities. This assimilation process impacted Aboriginal peoples in negative ways throughout the generations socially, culturally, and economically. The negative impacts within child welfare system, educational institutions, and the socio-economic status of Aboriginal peoples today, prove assimilation and the total integration of Aboriginal peoples within mainstream society is unacceptable. Decolonization techniques should be applied within those areas in order combat the long lasting effects of assimilation by colonization. Decolonization will also help enable Aboriginal peoples to regain a cultural identity. The 1876 Indian Act was created as a way to control and assimilate Aboriginal peoples. “The Indian Act, by itself, was simply a tool used by the Government of Canada to exercise near-total control over First Nations people.” (Coates, 2008...
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...72(1) of the Child and Family Services Act (CFSA), to report to a children's aid society those children who are suspected to be in need of protection. The duty to report of persons “who perform professional or official duties with respect to children”, including teachers and principals, should be emphasized. This provision applies as well to information that is confidential or privileged (except under solicitor/client privilege), and there is no liability against a person who reports unless the reporting was done maliciously or without reasonable grounds (Toronto...
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...Family and child poverty in Canada By Maram Ghadban June 7th 2013 Canada is notorious for being a country of freedom, democracy and diversity. These are our crowning glories that as Canadians, we take pride in. The issues faced by Canadians are not seen or noticed by others. They are invisible. The fabrication of Canada being a country of opportunity is a false attribute to this greatness. The poverty in Canada has increased rather than decreased (Finnie and Sweetman, 2003). It is sufficient to say that Canada, and Ontario in specific, are better off than other countries and provinces. However, this is not the matter at hand; the matter is that the people of Ontario are in a state of poverty. Through this I will discuss the matters of poverty, its effects on family and child poverty in Ontario, and its effects on ethnic minorities. It is creating a vicious cycle that will forever more haunt these children and create discourses that will affect them as they get older. This is a national problem, and is a linchpin for bigger conflicts within this nation, if it is not solved. List of references Ahmed, Zahid Shahab, “Poverty, Family Stress & Parenting” http://www.humiliationstudies.org/documents/AhmedPovertyFamilyStressParenting.pdf, 2005 Covell, Katherine and Howe, R. Brian, “Child Poverty in Canada and the Rights of the Child, Source: Human Rights Quarterly”, Vol. 25, No. 4, Nov., 2003 Charles Michalopoulos and Philip K. Robins “Employment and Child-Care Choices...
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...awareness of the issues that are faced daily by Aboriginal families and their communities. I had previously read about how there was a discrimination complaint filed against Canada that was in violation of the Canadian Human Rights Act, that Canada provides significantly less funding for family and child services on reserves than that provided off reserves, but never knew much about the case so I was glad to be able to attend the event and gain more knowledge on the issue. In 2007, First Nations Child and Family Caring Society and the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) filed a human rights complaint alleging that the inequitable funding of child welfare services on First Nations reserves amounts to discrimination on the basis of race and national or ethnic origin, contrary to Section 5 of the Canadian Human Rights Act, RCS 1985, c. H-6 (the Act). Some of the current inequities in Canada are that almost half of all children in care under the age of 14 are Aboriginal. The placement of Aboriginal children in informal care with relatives is 11.4 times the rate for non-Aboriginal children, and 12.4 times the rate of non-Aboriginal children for formal placement in the child welfare system. In 2008 and 2011 The Auditor General of Canada confirmed that the federal government’s provision of First Nations child and family services and elementary and secondary education is flawed and inequitable. These inequities have contributed to First Nations children and youth being denied or delayed...
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...be abbey by any employer, from the private sector and the government entities. The minimum wage rate is not less than $7.25 per hour effective July 24, 2009. Overtime pay at a rate not less than 1.5 times the regular rate of pay is required. Overtime rate applies after 40 hours of work in a workweek Another aspect is measured by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) administered by the U.S. Department of Labor Employment Standards Administration's Wage and Hour Division. This act provides up to 12 weeks of job-protected, unpaid leave during any 12-month period to eligible, covered employees for the following reasons: 1) birth and care of the eligible employee's child, or placement for adoption or foster care of a child with the employee; 2) care of an immediate family member (spouse, child, parent) who has a serious health condition; or 3) care of the employee's own serious health condition. Health benefits are maintained during the leave. Safety and Health The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act was ordained to "assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women." This act include specific workplace hazards,...
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...Income and Deductions The amounts that have not been considered under 3(a) income from employment, and 3(b) business or property] are considered under sec.56 as other income. These amounts are included under Division B subdivision d - other source of income. The following are some of the sources of income: 1.Pension Benefit: All amount received as superannuation or pension benefit be included in the computation of income under 56(1) (a) (i) the following receipt must be included; 1. superannuation payments 2. Old age security amount 3. Canada pension plan benefit 4. benefit from prescribed provincial pension plan 5. Pension received from foreign sources. Withdrawal from RRSP, RRIF or DPSF must be included in computing income under 56(1) (h), (i) and (t). 2. Old age security and employment insurance: Old age security payments are paid to individual who are at least 65 years of age and has been resident in Canada for minimum of 10 years. This benefit includes: 1. old age pension 2. supplement for lower income person Both must be included in income, but paragraph 110(1)(f) provide for a deduction for any supplement included in income. OAS claw back: If the taxpayer’s div B income is more than $66,733 for the taxation year, a portion or entire amount of the Old Age Security Benefit must be repaid. The amount of the repayment is compute ad follows: The lesser of: a. OAS Benefits xx b. Income under division B xx Less: 66,733 ...
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...Cultural Diversity: Clients, Context, and Caring Health Promotion and Caring for Communities and Families ------------------------------------------------- Week 4: Friday October 11, 2013 Prologue Care is the essence of nursing. Care involves recognizing and transcending the barriers and challenges established by cultural differences. The nurse considers the common threads that are held by all, as well as the unique elements maintained by the client What is Culture? * Culture is a learned, patterned behavioural response acquired over time that includes implicit versus explicit beliefs, attitudes, values, customs, norms, taboos, arts, and life ways accepted by a community of individuals. Culture is primarily learned and transmitted in the family and other social organizations, is shared by the majority of the group, includes an individualized worldview, guides decision making, and facilitates self worth and self-esteem * “The learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular culture that guides thinking, decisions and actions in patterned ways and often intergenerationally” (Leininger, 2006 as cited in Stamler& Yiu, 2012, p. 125) * Culture is more than beliefs, practices, and values (Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada, 2009) * Culture is learned, shared, and changes. It also encompasses all aspects of our lives. What we have learned to value represents our assumptions about how to perceive, think, and behave...
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