...Being easily aggravated and annoyed Irritating others intentionally Exhibiting sudden, unprovoked anger Blaming others for their mistakes or for their misbehaviour Refusing to comply with adult requests Bragging about being mean and never truly being sorry Lying Being vengeful without provocation Being easily angered, frustrated and annoyed Cursing and using inappropriate language Seeking attention Having low self-esteem Provoking conflict among peers, family members and other adults 13/10/2014 3 The cause of ODD is unknown. Some researchers have speculated that ODD results from incomplete child development. These children do not seem to learn the coping skills that most children absorb early in life. The disorder may be related to a child’s temperament and the family’s reaction to it. Poor parenting skills, loss of a family member to death, divorce or incarceration, other family adversity may also play a role in children developing ODD. 13/10/2014 4 These children need a comprehensive evaluation by a psychiatrist or other qualified mental health professional. Medication is not usually used to treat ODD; however, medication may be prescribed when ODD is accompanied by one or more additional disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD),...
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...Executive Summary The American court system is overflowed with people that suffer from substance abuse. For example drug and/or alcohol related crimes have been implicated in violent crimes, instances of domestic violence, child abuse and neglect cases. Therefore, drug court has come in to offer people arrested for substances abuse related crimes and opportunity to receive community-based treatment with judicial supervision to avoid potential incarceration. For this reason drug court has changed people’s lives in a variety of ways, which are often overlooked, are the positive impact on families and society. Overall, substance abuse offenders have a recurring problem for the criminal justice system as a result drug courts are an important strategy to reduce incarceration, provide drug treatment and reduce recidivism among nonviolent offenders. Another key point is research study by the National Institute of Justice in 2009 called the Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation confirmed that Drug Courts reduced crime and substance abuse, improved family relationships, and also increasing employment and school enrollment. (Marlowe, 2010) Another key point is drug courts have affected the offender’s criminal behavior and substance use with mandated drug and alcohol treatment. Henceforth drug courts has been a popular diversion program for drug offenders since it’s began in Dade County Florida in 1989. Overview Drug courts represent the criminal justice approach to ensure public...
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...(AAC, 2018). The factors that influence women in substance abuse treatment vary based on situation and context. Furthermore, substance abuse among women vary between sub-groups of women in the socioeconomic, cultural, and ethnic dimensions (Tiedje, 1998). Sociodemographic issues such as relationships, age, education, race, child protective service involvement, pregnancy, supportive therapies and comprehensive case management all affect the ability of women to have enough support in treatment (Greenfield, 2007). Disparities in populations are represents as location and use. African American women in their late 20s to early 30s from inner city populations demonstrate relevant cocaine use (Fox, 1994). Despite cocaine being considered to be a substance used by the wealthy and famous historically, it is currently used widely in the inner cities as a substance of...
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...COMMUNITY REPORT: HENDERSON BEHAVIORAL HEALTH HISTORY: 1. Why was this organization established? To provide affordable psychiatric and casework services to residents of Broward County. 2. How did Henderson become a community mental health center? “During the late 1950's, the innovation of psychotropic medications revolutionized the mental health field. The Clinic became a multi-purpose organization with broad programs meeting the federal requirements of a community mental health center.” 3. Why was the center named “Henderson”? “In 1960, the late Mr. Alexander D. Henderson and his wife Lucy gave the Clinic stocks in Avon Products as well as property which is the current site of our "Central" Program on SW 27th Avenue in Fort Lauderdale. The money from the sale of the stock enabled us to build the structure and purchase the furnishings. The Clinic was renamed Henderson Clinic of Broward County in 1961.” 4. What populations does the center serve today? Henderson serves “more than 20,000 people of all ages, including 5,000 youth under 18 years of age.” FIND SERVICES CRISIS 5. What is the goal of Crisis Services? “ To provide immediate intervention to people experiencing a psychiatric crisis. Early intervention in a time of need can prevent hospitalization and stabilize acute situations. Crisis Services include mobile community outreach or walk-in services, psychiatric evaluation, consultation and medication monitoring, brief therapy, and...
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...been placed in foster care homes. Research has shown that factors that include substance abuse, illness, child abuse, domestic violence, neglect, and death have put a greater challenge on Grandparents living arrangements. With the increase of divorce, the lack of child care, the demands placed on a single parent to enter the work force to financially support a household has also added to the increase of Grandparent participation in the raising of their grandchildren. In the past, Grandparents worked to support their families and looked forward to the day of their retirement and possible social activities of leisure. These goals have decreased significantly as Grandparents have had to take on the role of sole caregivers and active participates in raising their minor age grandchildren. Grandparents find that their age, income status, health limitations and the challenges with the children, affect their everyday life. The Legal System and Child Welfare Agencies rely on the next of kin to assist with immediate placements but have not included immediate legal ramifications to ensure that the Grandparents well-being as well as the child is taken into immediate account to ensure the least restrictive environment for both parties involved. Annotations Backhouse, J. and Graham, A. (2012), Grandparents raising grandchildren: negotiating the complexities of role-identity conflict. Child & Family Social Work, 17: 306–315. This article is a study that...
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...Introduction Violence in America's society is a major problem. This problem can be traced back as far as fetal development. Is not rocket science to realize that most angry violent acts are due to a disturbed child or individual that lacked attention, love or care? Violence is not a new problem and scientists are just finding out new facts about how it starts and how it can be prevented. Violence is a social problem that increases over the years. Violence is shown in magazines and books, on television and in the media. Violence on television is a major source for aggressive or violent behavior, but Children also pick up violence from a parent or guardian at an early age. It has been psychologically proven that males are more aggressive than females. Therefore, if a child's parents are being aggressive, their actions tend to be imitated. Children are affected very much in different ways from their families. That is why the families’ role in children's life is very important. Families are the key factor in youth violence. The early developmental stages of babies is key to starting a good lifelong learning experience. This is the certain time in which their brains and behavior patterns are significantly developing. Babies need that love and sense of closeness to obtain a healthy start. Obviously mothers who smoke, drink or do drugs while pregnant can cause serious health problems. Also, when they are young most of the time these problems persist. This...
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...Introduction The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) is the principal federal program through which the federal government sets standards for juvenile justice systems at the state and local levels. It provides direct funding for states, research, training, and technical assistance, and evaluation. The JJDPA was originally enacted in 1974 and even though the JJDPA has been revised several times over the past 30 years, its basic composition has remained the same. Since the act was passed in 1974, the JJDPA focused solitary on preventing juvenile delinquency and on rehabilitating juvenile offenders. Since the original enactment of the JJDPA in 1974, the periodic reauthorizations have been controversial, as the Act's opponents have sought to weaken its protections for youth, reduce prevention resources, and encourage the transfer of youth to the adult criminal justice system. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act follow a series of federal protections, known as the "core protections," on the care and treatment of youth in the justice system. The four "core protections" of the act are, the Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders (DSO), Sight and Sound separation, Jail Removal, and Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC). The "DSO" and "Sight and Sound" protections were part of the original law in 1974. The "Jail Removal" provision was added in 1980 in response to finding youth incarcerated in adult facilities resulted in "a high suicide...
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...INTRODUCTION Canada’s Criminal Justice System (CJS) is no way perfect and often argued to criminalize certain groups within society. Specifically, Aboriginal women as offenders in corrections have faced many difficulties. They often are sentenced younger, more often and for longer sentences than non-Aboriginal offenders. The over incarceration, over representation and criminalization of Aboriginal women within the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is attributable to a legacy of colonialism and sexism which placed them at a vulnerable place within society. Canada’s public policy post WWII regarding, social welfare, education and the labour market, exhibit how colonialism and sexism have created unfavorable cultural and socio-economic conditions for Aboriginal women, which make them more susceptible to be victims/survivors of violence, poverty and behaviours or circumstances in conflict with the law. As a result of these conditions, Aboriginal women are more likely to meet deplorable conditions while in prison, and the laws do not seem to accommodate Aboriginal methods of rehabilitation, restitution and justice. In order to understand the plight of Aboriginal women within the CJS, the issue will be approached from a feminist perspective. Further, the evidence will be sourced from secondary sources, mainly text and government reports. First a landscape of Canada’s colonial past’s impact on Aboriginal women; starting post WWII will be advanced. This will demonstrate the links...
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...TEENAGE PREGNANCY In their research, Melissa Schettini Kearney of the University of Maryland and Phillip B. Levine of Wellesley College controlled for just about everything: welfare benefits, abortion restrictions, health insurance, federal abstinence programs, unemployment, religion, race, political persuasion, rates of incarceration, "anything that you would think would affect decision-making," The researchers had found something that allowed them to move from correlation to causation. Poverty and hopelessness are the main reasons teens might decide to have a child out of wedlock; they are the main reasons they drop out of school and the economic mainstream.Teen pregnancy is a symptom of poverty, not a cause, the researchers found. They are not poor because they had babies as teens. They are just still poor. As a matter of fact, teens in poverty who do not have children do not have significantly better outcomes as a result, the researchers found."They choose nonmarital motherhood at a young age instead of investing in their own economic progress because they feel they have little chance of advancement,".The CDC report found that Mississippi had the highest teen pregnancy rate, and New Hampshire had the lowest. You might conclude that is because there are more poor people in Mississippi than there are in New Hampshire. But the reason for the difference is not as simple as that.It is not the number of poor, nor the vast space between the very rich and the very poor, that...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tommy Wilson Enterprises is a 501 (c) (3), who believes Am I My Brother’s Keeper is needed to meet the needs of a rapidly growing and previously underserved student population. This is a predominantly minority population, composed of underrepresented and underserved youth. These students have a history of erratic and transient school attendance, repeated and expected academic and social failures, limited or no family support, poverty, adolescent parenting, and minimal expectations for life-success. Frequently, they are students referred to disciplinary placements due to inappropriate and extremely weak social skills. Many have been forced to assume family roles and responsibilities due to an absent parent or parents. There is often a huge disparity between grade placement and age, (i.e., they are often too old for their grade level). Most are economically disadvantaged and would feel uncomfortable in traditional school settings. Their basic reading and mathematics skills are weak. With strong educational leadership, AIMBK provides a structured educational program that allows student choices other than jail or death. VISION The vision for Am I My Brother’s Keeper is one where students are educated after school through a collaborative effort among parents, faculty, staff, students and community. We will strive to prepare our students to become lifelong learners who are motivated to learn with the help of quality instruction and leading-edge technology...
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...Edward Waters College Juvenile Delinquency Casey Cooper During the late 1980's and early 1990's, the nature of offenses committed by juveniles changed. Juvenile crime grew more serious and violent, the rate of offending by females increased disproportionately, youth began entering the juvenile justice system at younger ages, and gang involvement became more prevalent. Recommendations for improving the juvenile justice system must take these changes into account. To establish a context for consideration of the future of the juvenile justice system, the workshop began with a presentation 1 of analyses of trends in juvenile arrests. The increase in juvenile arrests during the past decade driven by arrests for violent crimes -- raises concerns in light of the projected 30-percent increase in the number of 15- to 16-year-olds by 2010. While the juvenile arrest rate for property crimes remained stable during the late 1980's and early 1990's, the number of juvenile arrests for violent crimes was 67 percent greater than in 1986. Nonetheless, a relatively small percentage of juveniles are arrested for violent crimes. In 1995, the rate was 500 per 100,000, or less than one-half of 1 percent of the juvenile population. Moreover, the juvenile arrest rate for murder declined in 1994 and 1995. In 1994, 82 percent of all counties in the United States did not have even one juvenile charged with murder...
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...that are available as well as offering potential programs and interventions in the future. As our population of children identified with disabilities grows we must anticipate their growth into adulthood and prepare them for entrance into the workforce, or prepare ourselves for the financial implications of institutionalizing and caring for this population. By examining historical statistic information along with past and current program implementation conclusions will be formulated and offered regarding what has been successful and where improvements are possible. Context of the Problem There are a multitude of issues that parents of special needs children are unaware of at the onset of diagnosis. The question of what happens to your child when you are gone is paramount in the minds of all parents. One problem is being unaware of what questions to ask. My son received his diagnosis from a psychiatrist who did not make me aware of any medical testing that should be addressed. Necessary information or guidance is not always provided by the attending physician. Educational needs are also of paramount importance, however if parents are unaware of necessary services that give their children coping skills, they will not be able to ensure services are obtained. An example is occupational therapy for sensory processing disorder that is a common occurrence in children on the autism spectrum. The need for an introductory pamphlet that guides parents through some very basic testing,...
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...Psychological disorders, also referred to as mental disorders, are abnormalities of the mind that result in persistent behavior patterns that can seriously affect your day-to-day function and life. Many different psychological disorders have been identified and classified, including eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa; mood disorders, such as depression; personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder; psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia; sexual disorders, such as sexual dysfunction; and others. Multiple psychological disorders may exist in one person ( Health Grade, 2013). The causes of these disorders are unknown; however major factors that contribute to these disorders are a person’s descent, chemical imbalances in the brain, childhood experiences, illnesses, stress, and prenatal exposures while one is still in their mother’s womb. Psychological disorders are serious and can be very detrimental to that person that has it as well as society. One psychological disorder that will be discussed in this paper is anxiety disorder, more specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder. This paper will discuss the relationship between human development and socialization, along with how this relationship affects obsessive-compulsive disorder. Throughout history Elderly Offenders Behind Bars While Reducing the Cost Over time offenders that have been sent to correctional institutions in the United States are sometimes forced to live out the rest of their lives...
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...Drug courts combine treatment with incentives and sanctions. Sanctions can and do include mandatory, as well as, random drug testing of the offender. Drug courts are a proven tool for improving public health as well as public safety. They provide an innovative way for collaboration between the judiciary, prosecutors, law enforcement and other community corrections agencies, drug treatment providers and community support groups. The effectiveness of these courts is well documented since they first started operating in the United States 20 years ago. In a time of limited resources for local and state budgets, drug courts offer a cost effective way to increase the chances for the nonviolent offender to achieve sustained recovery, thereby reducing recidivism for the offender. The drug court movement began in the 1980s as a response to the growing number of drug cases brought before the court. Law enforcement and corrections agencies policies alone were not having the effect on the drug trade that proponents of the war on drugs had hoped for. An administrative order from the chief judge of Florida’s Eleventh Circuit in 1989 implemented the first drug court in the United States. (Engen, & Steen (2000). The responsibility of the prosecuting attorney is to protect the public’s safety by ensuring that each candidate is appropriate for the program and complies with all drug court requirements. The responsibility of the defense counsel is to protect the participant’s due process rights...
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...Wilson, Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Mark W. Lipsey, Katarzyna Steinka-Fry, & Jan Morrison Colophon Title Institution Authors Dropout prevention and intervention programs: Effects on school completion and dropout among school-aged children and youth The Campbell Collaboration Wilson, Sandra Jo Tanner-Smith, Emily E. Lipsey, Mark W. Steinka-Fry, Katarzyna Morrison, Jan 10.4073/csr.2011.8 62 24 August, 2011 Wilson SJ, Tanner-Smith EE, Lipsey, MW, Steinka-Fry, K, Morrison, J. Dropout prevention and intervention programs: Effects on school completion and dropout among school aged children and youth. Campbell Systematic Reviews 2011:8 DOI: 10.4073/csr.2011.8 © Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. School dropout, school attendance, early school leaving, school failure Wilson, Tanner-Smith, and Lipsey contributed to the writing and revising of this review and protocol. Wilson, Tanner-Smith, Steinka-Fry and Morrison contributed to information retrieval and data collection. Work on this review was supported by the Campbell Collaboration and the Peabody Research Institute at Vanderbilt University. The authors have no vested interest in the outcomes of this review, nor any incentive to represent findings in a biased manner. Sandra Jo Wilson Peabody Research Institute, Vanderbilt University...
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