...UNICEF EGYPT “CHILD PROTECTION” Child labor has recently become an unfortunate phenomenon in Egypt. It is worldwide phenomenon that denies the children from their childhood. The children are subjected to hard work and labor which is considered unsuitable for their age. The only stakeholders for this problem are the children themselves . Child labor is a complex problem in Egypt. The Egyptian Government statistics showed that around 1.6 million of the workers are underage workers aging between 5 and 17 years old. This is due to that some employees preferred to recruit these underaged children, because they are easily controled and take fewer wages. Sometimes they even receive no payment, only shelter. One could ask himself why these children accepted doing such work. The answer for this question is in three words : “not enough income” .The decresed income made families are not able to afford schools, so the parents decide the children must work in order to pay family debts, suplement family income, and help in household enterprise. Moreover, the parents think that schooling is not considered useful for their children’s future and that learning handcrafts would be much more benefitial. This problem has a huge effect on our world because the child labor does not only affect the child physically and psychologically, but also it affects the entire society directly and indirectlty. There are no various non governmental organization that aim to decrease the child labor in Egypt...
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...relies on providing all children the opportunity to reach their full potential (All Children Should Be given the Opportunity to Succeed). Many children in many places over the world suffer from various problems. Child labor, poverty, military use of children, internet child pornography, child prostitution, lack of access to education, lack of health care, in addition to many other problems, are the most serious problems that face many children all over the world ("Top 10 Terrible Issues). “It is the responsibility of the government to keep them safe from criminal like Joseph Kony, a man in Uganda who steals children from their homes, and forces girls to become sex slaves, and the boys to become soldiers in his army” (Philipp). Children in Egypt suffer a lot from many problems like being homeless. Rescuing them is not only the responsibility of governments, but it is the responsibility of every adult. Street children issue has become a very serious problem that faces Egypt nowadays. Street children are children who call the streets their home (A New Approach). The number of street children in Egypt is estimated to be between 150,000 and 2,000,000, which is a very huge number (Ammar). “A UNICEF study (2005) identifies three forms of existence for street children in Egypt: Some children fit the stereotypical depiction of street children who have completely abandoned their homes and have taken the street as their sole sleeping space; some visit their family occasionally; and a lesser...
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...Uslu1 ------------------------------------------------- Human Trafficking in Egypt ------------------------------------------------- Human Rights Research Paper Sally Anne Corcoran ETHR 100 Sec2 Seren Seren Uslu 20130966 25.03.2014 Abstract Human trafficking is a widespread human rights violation in Middle-East mostly in Egypt. Despite the fact it is recognized and the consequences are harmful, state party fails to suspend traffickers and implement penalties, which will be dissuasive for a further violation. The violation will be examined in international instruments’ and victim’s point of view. Uslu2 Ancient Egypt is one of the most rooted civilizations in Middle East by its 7.000 years history and it has reigned under powerful sovereigns whom founded more than 10 empires such...
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...child abuse Definition Any behavior directed toward a child that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare under circumstances which indicate that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened.” Child Welfare Act -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In 1999, the WHO Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and drafted the following definition: ‘‘Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, or neglect, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.’’ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Problem Types of child abuse: * Physical abuse (28%) Physical abuse is any non-accidental injury to a child under the age of 18 by a parent or caretaker. These injuries may include beatings, shaking, burns, human bites or others, with...
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...Omar Hamada 900141417 Social Problems in the Middle East Dr. Nazek Nosseir Research Paper What Are The Real Reasons Behind Poverty In The Middle East? "Poverty: The state of being extremely poor" by Oxford Dictionaries Introduction With the recent revolutions in the Middle East demanding word and social justice, and the high levels of unemployment in the region. The Middle East is still suffering from a high poverty rating, and a huge wage gap between the social classes. Rich people literally are getting richer while the poor are facing more problems and disasters as time goes by. Many questions remain unanswered: What are the reasons behind poverty in the Middle East? Why do rich people get richer while the poor get poorer? How do the rich people benefit from the current situation? How laws are fixed to protect only the rich? Are governments involved in these acts? Poverty rate in MENA has been slightly declining since 1990 to 2005, 17 percent of the region's population live below $2/day in 2005. The region faces various challenges in poverty reduction, such as the persistency of poverty, as poverty in this region is impacted by a hasty economic growth, which is above 2 percent per capita. This is a result of the nature of poverty, which is concentrated on groups that benefit the last ones from that economic growth: the uneducated, rural residents, families with a lot of members. Another challenge the region is facing is the increasing inequality, which is increasing...
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...Phases of migration Part II Temporary and Permanent Migration 1. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to skill level 2. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to Destination 3. Economic Effect of Migration 4. Impact of Migration 4.a. on the Labor Supply of Adults Left Behind 4.b. and remittances on household poverty 5. Remittances at micro-level 6. Remittances at macro-level 7. Remittances and Development 8. Volume of Remittances 9. Impact of remittances on poverty alleviation 10. Brain Drain/Gain (causes, effects and solutions) 11. Egyptian Migration To Arab Countries Part III Legal and Illegal Migration 1. Definition 2. Dimensions 3. Causes 4. Dangers 5. Methods 6. Legal and political status 7. Migration Stages 8. The gangs of illegal migration contrive new behaviors….. 9. Egypt youth migration ……….. Ideal cases Objective The whole theme of this paper is to vivid the magnitude of migration, to profile the workers who migrate, to identify the types of migration and to determine the extent to which migration affects the rate of poverty and unemployment in Egypt. Not only that but also exploring the impact of the internal and external migration on the development of the country at the micro level. Reasons for this paper As Migration whether permanent or temporary, internal or international, legal or illegal has always been...
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...Name; Subject; Date; Instructor; The great pyramid of Giza The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are as entrancing and interesting, as they are amazing. Egyptologists and history specialists have since quite a while ago faced off regarding the topic of who manufactured the pyramids, and for what reason. There are a wide range of and regularly clashing hypotheses as to the development of the Great Pyramid of Giza. At the point when turning back the pages of history, it is found that various speculations have been produced to clarify the nearness of such a critical authentic milestone. Speculations differ from a tomb for a lord, to an uncommon synthetic plant, a reference point for extraterrestrial aircraft's, a stone type of the Bible, a conceivable approach to contact a Higher Being and a stone declaration of the second happening to Christ. Such case of shifting questionable hypotheses has started various theories to the riddle of the Great Pyramid of Giza. As indicated by customary Egyptology, the Great Pyramid of Giza was worked by Egyptian pharaoh Khufu amid the Fourth Dynasty around .the year 2560 BCE Schillings, M. : 1999 : Sheet . It has been proposed that the Egyptian civilization succeeded in setting up an unpredictable and sorted out work power of individuals to make and manufacture an astounding entombment tomb for the pharaoh in help of his voyage to the great beyond. Be that as it may, in opposition to this recommendation, one must inquire as to why the present day...
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...Introduction How exciting it is to open the bible to the book of Exodus and read the narrative of the fulfillment of God’s promise in the rescue of the Israelites from captivity in Egypt—the call of Moses, the plagues, and the dramatic manifestation of God on Mt. Sinai. Though the book of Exodus is most famous for the revelation of the Ten Commandments contained in Chapter 20, it remains vague in terms of where the biblical account actually occurred, and yet we cannot begin to fully understand the Old Testament if we look at it as merely a piece of great literature, or as some have suggested nothing more than interesting legend, or the elaboration of superior ideals. … The Book of Exodus is a narrative of the sacred history of Israel from the sojourn in Egypt to the completion of the Tabernacle in the wilderness. The term Exodus comes from the Greek terminology and literally means “going out,” an appropriate title for the book that narrates how under the leadership of Moses, the Israelites escaped from Egyptian persecution and began their journey back to the Promised Land. To be certain, all human history is the scope of God’s sovereignty. God became especially involved in the lives of a relatively unknown people, culminating a historical event that changed biblical history and altered the course of their lives and culture. When we seek to understand the meaning of our individual life events, we don’t actually begin with birth or infancy, even though a biographical account...
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...Question #1: In the picture, I see a lady, who is probably the mother or relative of the three young children. By the looks of the picture, they are poor and live in the makeshift house shown on the far right next to the child. They are probably located in one of the poorer countries in the Middle East, such as Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, or Iran. Looking at the way the mother and children are dressed, the climate in the country could be hot during the day but cool at night. The backdrop of this picture shows a mountainous area. There is not much grass on the ground; there are more dirt and rocks on the ground. Given the new information regarding the picture, the country is a very poor and third world country. Although they have shoes on their...
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...Child Labor: An Unrecognized Global Issue Abstract There is much knowledge that needs to be gained globally about child labor. Society needs to find ways to increase awareness in this matter. History has shown that child labor was almost necessary for the survival of families through hard economic times. The concept of children rights brought major change to the outlook of child labor. Children have the same large scale rights as adults do. Conventions have been established in place to protect the right of children here in the United States. Although our government has many laws in reference to child labor other nations do not recognize it as problematic and so it continues. In other countries children are being exploited by employers. These children are stripped of their right to have an education, a prosperous childhood, and of other rights. It can affect a child’s health and development. The objective of the following research paper is to raise awareness of the worldwide child labor issue and summarizes what is being done to help battle the issue. Introduction: Any issue that involves the abuse of young children is a sensitive matter. Images exist of children enduring maltreatment and abuse in different work settings. Child labor has been a long existing nationwide issue and although it is seen as a form of child abuse by many there are those that see it as a norm. Cultures in foreign nations believe that by placing a child in money paying work conditions...
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...economic, and social crisis within each nation’s borders. In this report, I will cover the definition of human trafficking, some statistics gathered over the years, and what is being done to prevent human trafficking. Human trafficking is defined as the illegal trade in human beings for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation or force labor and is considered as the modern day form of slavery. Human trafficking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. These forms include, but not limited to forced labor, bonded labor, sex trafficking, child labor, and child soldiers. Forced labor makes up the majority of human trafficking in the world. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that for every trafficking victim subjected to forced prostitution, nine people are forced to work. Forced labor is also known as involuntary servitude. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable, but individuals also may be forced into labor in their own countries. Bonded labor is the least known form, but it is one of the most widely used to enslave people. Victims become bonded laborers when their labor is demanded as a repayment of services. Such services may be illegal transportation through boarders of countries or protection of their families from drug lords. The victims...
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...Egypt Investment Climate • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Openness to Foreign Investment Conversion and Transfer Policies Expropriation and Compensation Dispute Settlement Performance Requirements and Incentives Right to Private Ownership and Establishment Protection of Property Rights Transparency of Regulatory System Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment Competition from State Owned Enterprises Corporate Social Responsibility Political Violence Corruption Bilateral Investment Agreements OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs Labor Foreign-Trade Zones/Free Ports Foreign Direct Investment Statistics Web Resources Return to top Openness to Foreign Investment Egypt has experienced profound political changes over the past year. On February 11, 2011, President Hosni Mubarak’s 30-year rule came to an end under intense popular pressure as hundreds of thousands of Egyptians converged on Tahrir Square. Transition to democratic rule has been marked by advances and challenges. Egypt has seen several prime ministers and multiple cabinet changes since the revolution, and many investors have reported that the constant shuffle and interim tenure of government officials have contributed to a difficult business environment. Nonetheless, in January 2012 Egypt seated its first parliament elected in free and fair elections, and many of the members have identified increasing foreign investment as a top priority for the government. Egypt continues to honor its pre-revolution...
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...Female Rulers Erin B HUM111 November 29, 2015 History is full of powerful women who ruled over lands and won wars to protect their kingdom just the same as the powerful men in history often times better than the men. Some female rulers we know from history such as Hatshepsut who ruled over Egypt long before Cleopatra, Queen Victoria of Great Brittan, Queen Elizabeth II queen of England today and the list could go on and on. However, the two female rulers that we are going compare are Wu Zetian of china who was born in 624 A.D. and Pharaoh Cleopatra of Egypt who was born 69B.C. both was rulers of their time until their deaths. These two female rulers came from very different backgrounds but ultimately ended up on the same path to become strong rulers of their time who didn’t let nothing or no one get in their way of them keeping their kingdoms and the power that comes with it. Wu Zetian was born in 624 A.D. in Wenshui county, Shanxi Province and was the only female ruler to sit on the imperial throne. She ruled the self-proclaimed Zhou Dynasty which later became known as the Tang Dynasty from 690-705 until her death at 80 years old in 705A.D.Wu’s father Wu Shihuo was one of the meritorious chancellors of the Tang Dynasty he gave her an education by teaching her himself. Both Wu Zetian and Cleopatra was very smart starting when they was young women. Cleopatra Spoke 6 different languages Hebrew, Arabic, Latin, Eygptian, Ethiopian and Greek. Cleopatra also studied Arts,...
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...serpent within Eden. The serpent knows that God has given all the fruits of the trees except one. The Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. This particular tree is forbidden to be eaten by man. The serpent is crafty though and gets Eve to think she will be as knowledgeable as God by eating this fruit. She falls into temptation and eats of the tree. She then convinces Adam to also eat. He follows and the result is the final and horrible downfall of man. After Adam and Eve committed the first Sin this was a disobeying by God, and that’s why they had become ashamed of showing their bodies. The serpent is forced to travel on in belly which explains why they were not created with legs. To women, the explanation of child birth and the extremely horrible pains of labor are answered. Woman is also given a place in society as now having to be under the control of man. Women are seen here as the evil seducers and left to be put in the role of future “housewife”. Men are given a feeling of having a deserved power over women. Laborers in the field now had a reason for bad crops; an answer for weeds, thorns and unwanted insects. Man from this point on was no longer in the Garden of Eden. He would be forced to work in the field for his food and toil over the land...
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...or the circumstances for which is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children; all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children. Here are a list of goods that are mined by children that I feel meet these terms and conditions: bricks, carpets, cattle, clothes, coal, cocoa, coffee, cotton, gold, rice, sugar cane, tobacco. These are all products that are used by people all around the world. This would be okay if it did not come from the force and slavery of children in many countries like the: Philippines, China, Egypt, Guinea, Nigeria and many more. In different countries, there are no safety guidelines when children are using dangerous equipment such as axes and chainsaws to clear forests, along with climbing trees and using machetes to cut down cocoa leaves. As far as health there is no health concerns with these child slave laborers either; Children that hurt themselves with harmful tools and subject to no looking at and no attention is paid to them; wounds are not cleaned and become infected because work for them does not stop. Some of these children are forced to live in unserviceable areas where bathrooms may not be of use and only a bucket may be accessible. Companies if not aware of...
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