...| | CHILD LABOUR INTRODUCTION Child labour (U.S. child labor) refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries. Child labour was utilized to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during the industrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers' and children's rights. In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works (excluding household chores or school-related work). An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16. Child labor laws in the United States set the minimum age to work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16. * | Historical During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal, working conditions. Based on this understanding of the use of children as labourers, it is now considered by wealthy countries to be a human rights violation, and is outlawed, while...
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...INTRODUCTION Child labour is an emotive subject,especially when young children are concerned,it evokes images of maltreatment and exploitation.According to the International Labour Office ,any activity other than study or play,remunerated or unremunerated,carried out by a person under the age of 15 years is defined as child labour (Cigno et. al 2002).Consolidated global statistics on child labour are elusive,because of the differing definitions and perceptions about what constitutes a child,child worker or child labour.For a large number of children who are forced to work in situations that compromise their developmet,child labour is an abuse of their fundamental human rights.The principal reason why such work is seen as morally and socially unacceptable is that such work hinders ‘the harmonious physical and mental development of the child’ (Murshed 2001).Child labour is mostly concentrated in Asia and Africa,which together account for more than 90 % of the total child employment.Asia is led by India which has more than 44 million child labourers and the largest child workforce in the world(Siddiqi & Patrinos n.d). The research is aimed at exploring factors that perpetuate child labour in India and study the policy implications for the international community with respect to trade,labour market regulation and legislation,role of international agencies and multinational companies and the need for increasing international awareness.The study elabotrates the demand and supply...
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...Child Labour By: Renée McFarlane Many perspectives can be taken on the topic of child labour. Some may argue that child labour is a form of child abuse whereas others may say it helps them with developing skills that will help with concentration and discipline. Children are brought into labour facilities to help with supporting their large families financially. This is good in a sense because the children will have a sense of belonging and knowing that they are helpful to their family and this provides an opportunity for parents to be proud of their child. From a young age children will have a work ethic and understand nothing is gained without hard work. On the other hand children are meant to enjoy their childhood and play. Children learn through play and interaction, without this they are deprived of an education and this limits their potential. In these environments children are unsupervised and are often without their parents, exposing them to dangerous things and people. Child labour is not illegal but it doesn't conform to the legal rights of the child. Every child should have a minimum of one hour of exercise a day and if they are labouring, they are neglecting this need becoming subjects to obesity and other illnesses. One of the rights for children are, that children have to be in a safe working environment, they are stripped of these rights as they are confined to a single dorm with up to a dozen others and no fire exits. I feel as though child labour should...
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...trafficked and were literally sold by middle man. GAP has shown the intent by international company should work against child labour and it is heartening to see that the Indian law enforcement is following suit. Such incidents show that holistic perspective is required in eliminating child labour form co-operations, civil society the government and law enforcement. We firmly believe that co-operates and the business houses should continue to work with India and cancellation of the orders is not a solution. Instead of cancelling the order the Business Houses should make sure that where ever their production is going on the manufacturing units shouldn’t employ children and also regularly monitor their contractors and sub-contractors to assure that they are not violating any labour law”. Slave Kids Driving Economic Growth “10-year-old unpaid workers who help clothing giants make billions.” “GAP slave kids is a gloomy reality of Indian Growing economy.” “Indian 'slave' children found making low-cost clothes destined for Gap” October 28, 2007, The Observer. These are some of the news headlines flashing across the world today. It is disheartening to just imagine that an embroidered top that you are buying for your child is made by another 10-year-old who whose life was trade into slavery for a mere Rs. 1000 ($ 25). Western Brands and Designers have been looking for cheap labour in India but in the profit oriented business they forget to monitor that in glimmering, the future of thousands...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Young boy stacking plates in Bangalore Child labor in India and rest of the world, per World Bank data. India is colored in green with 10-20% incidence levels, along with countries colored in red (30-40%) and black (>40%). Child labour in India is the practice where children engage in economic activity, on part-time or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the important causes of child labour in India.[1][2] b The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 12.6 million.[3] Child labor problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 215 million children work, many full-time.[4] In 2001, out of a 12.6 million, about 0.12 million children in India were in a hazardous job.[5]UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labour.[6][7][8] International Labour Organization estimates that agriculture at 60 percent is the largest employer of child labor in India,[9] while United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates 70 percent of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related...
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...Increasing child labor Introduction: Child labor considered to be one of main issues of world, is being neglected . God has given human beings the boon of wisdom and discretion to think upon the signs of the universe and to draw conclusions. That is the reason why they disclose the hidden facts of it and its structure and have made remarkable progress in many walks of life. Children are the flowers of heaven. They are the most beautiful and purest creation of God. They are innocent both inwardly and outwardly. No doubt, they are the beauty of this world. Early in the morning when the children put on different kinds of clothes and begin to go to schools for the sake of knowledge, we feel a specific kind of joy through their innocence. But there are also other children, those who cannot go to schools due to financial problems, they only watch others go to schools and can merely wish to seek knowledge. It is due to many hindrances and difficulties; desperate conditions that they face in life. Having been forced to kill their aspirations, dreams and other wishes, they are pressed to earn a living for themselves and for their families. It is also a fact that there are many children who play a key role in sustaining the economically life of their family without which, their families would not be able to make ends meet. These are also part of our society who have forgotten the pleasures of their childhood. When a child in addition to getting education...
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...“CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA- ISSUES AND RESPONSES” By Mr. Sandip B. Satbhai (Asst. Prof.) CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA- ISSUES AND RESPONSES “A Child is a father of the Man” -William Wordsworth1. Introduction: We can easily recognize the importance of the Child. The above statement has wide scope for interpretation. Child is very important for the development of the society at large. The development of the Nation is exclusively based on the status of the Child. It is also true that this is one of the vulnerable groups in the society. We can also further add that Children are the Assets of the Nation. Children plays very significant role in the Nation building. All these make obligatory on everyone to protect and provide various safeguards to the children. It is our prime duty to provide care and protection towards children as they are innocent. For the progress of the community at large we need to pay attention towards education of children. In reality there are various social evils with children; one of them is Child Labour. The Child Labour system is in existence in developing and underdeveloped counties. As per the information available, India is one of the Countries where in large number of children below the age of 14 years working in various organizations. If there is no proper distribution of work among the member of the society then children automatically forced to do work for their survival. Unemployment of adult members of the particular family results into Child Labour. In...
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...A Review Of Childhood And Child Labour In The British Industrial Revolution Theresa Cherry Professor James Richardson World History 3 February 2015 A Review Of Childhood And Child Labour In The British Industrial Revolution This article explores the British Industrial Revolution and male child laborers. The author explains that the need for male children to work increased due to the largely expanding factories. There often were not enough men available, and to produce in mass, move goods in progress and finished products around, unskilled child labor was cost efficient. Then during the war years, the mines needed the children to work to produce coal to help both the war efforts and for heat at home. The article also delves deep into the mind of the child laborer to try and establish how the child perceived his role. Did the child see the work as only a means to survive or was it a type of escape into a new adventure, or possibly as a stepping stone to life’s career (Humphries, 263)? The author found that many of the children employed continued with the same work when they grew older. The autobiography excerpts included are both heart-wrenching and matter of fact. Reading the memoirs in the article, it seems that each boy had different ideas regarding the work. The one feeling that all convey is that they worked hard and were too young to take on such responsibilities. The author shows this when she cites a journal from a small boy who is made to leave...
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...Child labour Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by many international organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child labour fell.[8][9][10] In developing countries, with high poverty and poor schooling opportunities, child labour is still prevalent. In 2010, sub-saharan Africa had the highest incidence rates of child labour, with several African nations witnessing over 50 percent of children aged 5–14 working.[11] Worldwide agriculture is the largest employer of child labour.[12] Vast majority of child labour is found in rural settings and informal...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A succession of laws on child labour, the so-calledFactory Acts, were passed in Britain in the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, those aged 9-16 could work 16 hours per day per Cotton Mills Act. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.[1][2] Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by manyinternational organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence...
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...Proposal: General Topic: Children Labour in the Philippines Specific Topic: Laws on Children Labour in the Entertainment Industry Background of the study: Purpose: To inform people of the laws they govern child stars in the showbiz industry, as well as determine if the children and their parents will recognize the law and their rights. When people talk about child laborers, they generally refer to juvenile sakada workers, house help, watch-your-car boys, little sampaguita vendors, port area baggage kids and beggars. Some people in show business, however hope that child stars and starlets will soon be added to this list. Today, children in showbiz are considered laborers, and this research aims to study the laws that can protect children in showbiz from abuse and to determine the rights that they can enjoy. It also aims to further elaborate by simply giving historicity to the rights given to artists of the industry, in particular, the children. Statement of the Problem: 1. What laws are implemented that cover the rights of children upon entering the entertainment industry? 2. How does these laws protect child laborers’ rights that nurture their safety in the workplace? 3. How do these existing laws allow these child laborers to balance studies and workload? Significance of the study: The study wants to make the parents and employees aware that the children have the rights and laws that can protect them from forced labour and abuse, especially in time allowances...
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...Child labour Strategic Issue Report Author: Stephie Daniel Angel Introduction Throughout the world, especially in the less-developed countries, an immeasurable amount of children have been involved in what has been called child labour, and its prevalence has now sparked much worry. Child labour can be defined as any work that is harmful to a child’s health or interrupt a child’s education (International Labour Organisation, 2012). According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), there were approximately 153 million child labourers aged 5-14 worldwide in 2008 and this number has increased to 250 million nowadays. Also, ILO investigated that 60 percent of the child labour was engaged in agricultural work such as farming, dairy and fisheries. The rest is in service industries and manufacturing, 25% and 15% respectively (Diallo, et al., 2010). Child labour is difficult to deal with because of the number of sections and categorization of child labour. It is not only because of poverty but also the surrounding societal and cultural causes. This report will examine the effects and implications of child labour, identify the causes, and propose some feasible solutions. Impacts Child labour is mentally, physically, socially dangerous and harmful to children, and also brings disadvantages to the development of economies across the world, especially in impoverished countries. Obviously and essentially, working in sweatshops and other inhumane conditions may...
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...Child Labour, unsolvable? The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines “Child Labour” as “work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development”. It refers to work that is physically, morally and mentally dangerous for a child to engage in while also often depriving them of some of their basic human rights such as a right to an education. The types of work children are engaging in varies, from children working on a family farm or in the home to situations involving children working in hazardous environments such as manufacturing plants in Asia or mining and quarrying operations in Brazil and Colombia. However there is also a darker side to the child labour problem where many children are forced to engage in activities such as armed conflict, drug trafficking, prostitution and even slavery. It is important to note that child labour is not a thing of the past. It is still a huge problem worldwide. The ILO estimated that in the year 2000 there were as many as 246 million children worldwide engaged in some form of child labour with almost three quarters of these children engaged in the worst forms of child labour such as trafficking and prostitution. As of the year 2012 the worldwide figure has since fallen to approximately 168 million, a huge decrease in the number of children engaged in child labour. Most of these children live within the South East Asia and Pacific region where many children...
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...Child labour is ubiquitous, even though it varies in form and degree. A scar on the world’s conscience in the twenty-first century, it is a social evil and a ban against development. Generally, regressive in nature, it is a serious global issue worth paying attention to.Many solutions and remedies are suggested to fight against this baffling problem. Childhood is the best time of our lives.A time of love and laughter,of being pampered,time of learning and discovering where our own particular strength lies,describing our ambition and becoming passionate for anything.But the present scenario is different. Children,specially living in a developing countries like India face many difficulties.They are exploited and abused. Most inhuman and arduous form of child exploitation in India is the age old practice of bonded labour.Fear,guilt,anger,frustration,pain,hate and above all helplessness,these assorted and jumbled feelings numbed their existence.Devasted and shattered they suffered those nightmares alone.Our blooming flowers spreading the fragrance of love,affection and innocence are brutally crushed and blow like dry leaves.All these kinds of exploitation leave scars on the soul of the child which they carry throughout their life. Yes,in India,almost every second child unfortunately goes through this trauma. According to wikipedia definition,”Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour”.People have many misconceptions regarding it.A...
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...Child Labour Child Labour Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable — except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspapers before school might actually benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid? Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, "Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work - promoting or enhancing children’s development...
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