...For this session I have noticed that observing infant/toddlers in play settings is much different than that of preschoolers. For example, the very young children have not fully developed the skills necessary for social play with other children; they are still developing/acquiring those skills. They are still learning how to play. I did see a lot of independent/parallel playing. I noticed that the teacher is more involved with each child when it comes to their play settings. The teacher helped the children to make connections as they looked through books or played in housekeeping with the babies and the play food. Such as talking to the child about what they were seeing or doing. In the preschool class I watched a lot of children play in both...
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...ROLE OF PLAY IN CHLD DEVELOPMENT Play is a very important aspect in children. This is where children’s lives are supported and promoted by plays. Children, families and teachers all over the world are observed one consistent feature of childhood. This is creative play is a central activity in the lives of healthy children. Play helps children weave together all the elements of life as they experience it. It helps them to digest life and make it their own. It is an outlet for the fullness of their creativity and it is an absolutely critical part of their childhood. With creative play children blossom and flourish. Without it, they suffer a serious decline. The demise of play will certainly have serious consequences for children and for the future of childhood itself. Parents, teachers and mental health professionals alike, are expressing concern about children who do not play. Some seem blocked and unable to play. Others long to play, but policies and practices at home and in school have driven open ended, self directed play out of their lives. Children no longer have the freedom to explore wood and fields and find their own special places. Informal neighbourhood games are a thing of the past as children are headed into athletic leagues at increasingly younger ages. Increasingly children find themselves in school settings which feature scripted teachings, computerised learning and standardised assessment. Physical education and recess are being eliminated. New schools are...
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...power of play has an important psychological role in children’s development, as reinforced by Sutton-Smith (1993, p. 279) using “play as progress” and “play ethos” by Peter Smith (1988, p. 166) both cited in Pellegrini (1995). Goldstein (2012) stated that pretend play is one of the common types of interactive social play among 2- to 6-years-old children. He also mentioned that as children grow, the nature and function of pretend play will also change from simple imitation to more...
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...• Accommodation • Assimilation • Equilibrium • Zone of proximal development • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement • Punishment • Parenting styles • Modeling • Ecological theory • Risk and protective factors • Prevention model Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior or how personalities form, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into both the individual and societal influences on early development. The next section will briefly review the major developmental theories that help to explain how development unfolds, sources of vulnerability and protection that influence child development, and how the course of development may be altered by prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding factors which may support or compromise development and integrating this knowledge into one’s work with children and their families are key to supporting healthy developmental outcomes and creating trusting partnerships with caregivers. This chapter will begin with attachment theory, and will provide an overview of the basic concepts proposed by the major developmental theories, which can be utilized by the early...
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...AN ETHICAL DILEMMA 3 (source: Crane A. and Matten D. (2010) Business Ethics.3rd edn. Oxford, p99) Producing Toys – Child’s Play You are the product manager of a confectionery company that includes small plastic toys with its chocolate sweets, Having met a potential Thai manufacturer of these toys at a trade fair in Europe, you now visit the company in the North Eastern part of Thailand to finalize a two-year supply contract. Arriving there and talking to the sales manager you are able to arrange a deal which supplies you with the toys at a third of the cost currently charged by your Portuguese supplier, but with equivalent quality and supply arrangements. In order to check the reliability of the manufacturing process you ask the manager to show you around the place. You are surprised to find out that there is no real workshop on the premises. Rather, the production process is organized such that at 6am, about 30 men line up at the company's gate, load large boxes with toy components on their little carts or-motor-scooters and take the material to their homes. Your prospective supplier then takes you to one of these places where you see a large family, sitting in a garage-like barn assembling the toys. Not only are the mother and father doing the job, but also the couple's six children, aged 5 to 14, who are working busily — and from what you see, very cheerfully — together with the parents, while the grandmother is looking after the food in an adjacent room. In the...
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...Sun uses setting, symbolism, and word choice in the play “No Child” to critique the state of schools and the No Child Left Behind Act. The setting was a significant part of the play because it represented the way society viewed these students. The students are viewed as convicts. On a daily basis the students have to go through a thorough search in order to enter the school. The Janitor states, “Seventeen feet below my very own, lay one hundred-thousand-dollar worth of a security system” (p.5). This type of treatment informs the students that society believes that they are criminals. The security offices states, “Girl, girl! Whatcha ti’ink dis is? You can’t go in wifoot goin’ tru da detector open your arms, spear your legs” (p.13). Suns inform the reader on her position regarding this matter. The janitor states “Your tax dollars at work!” (p.13). Instead of spending money on a fancy security system the money should be used to provide children a high quality education....
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...Observation of the Child at Play On Friday I spent the morning with Jacob who is six years one month old at College America. The morning began with a physical assessment and an interview of Jacob, and the afternoon I was able to observe him at play. Jacob is in first grade and he is the oldest child in his family with a younger brother and a younger sister. After doing a physical assessment and an interview with Jacob he appears to be an overall healthy and happy child with no obvious physical or emotional problems. According to Erikson’s developmental stages Jacob is in stage three where Jacob should be developing purpose in his life. Jacob was playing outside at College America and with him was his younger brother who is four, his younger sister who is three, and his cousin who is two. Social milestones listed to watch for are the following; can share and cooperate better, has a great need for children of own age, will cheat to win, often engages in rough play, often jealous of younger brother or sister, does what adults are seen doing, may occasionally have temper tantrums, is a boaster, is more independent probably because of school influence, has own way of doing things, and increases socialization (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2011). First thing I noticed in Jacob that was listed in the book was his independence while playing outside, this might have been because he is in the independent stage due to school like the book states but it also might be due to the...
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...Home Page » Other Topics Observation of the Child at Play In: Other Topics Observation of the Child at Play Observation of the Child at Play On Friday I spent the morning with Jacob who is six years one month old at College America. The morning began with a physical assessment and an interview of Jacob, and the afternoon I was able to observe him at play. Jacob is in first grade and he is the oldest child in his family with a younger brother and a younger sister. After doing a physical assessment and an interview with Jacob he appears to be an overall healthy and happy child with no obvious physical or emotional problems. According to Erikson’s developmental stages Jacob is in stage three where Jacob should be developing purpose in his life. Jacob was playing outside at College America and with him was his younger brother who is four, his younger sister who is three, and his cousin who is two. Social milestones listed to watch for are the following; can share and cooperate better, has a great need for children of own age, will cheat to win, often engages in rough play, often jealous of younger brother or sister, does what adults are seen doing, may occasionally have temper tantrums, is a boaster, is more independent probably because of school influence, has own way of doing things, and increases socialization (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2011). First thing I noticed in Jacob that was listed in the book was his independence while playing outside,...
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...Explain why play is important to the holistic development of the young child. Explain how and why children’s play changes over the first six years of life. Include examples to support your explanation. To begin this essay, I have asked myself ‘what is play?’ The Oxford English Dictionary cites many definitions for the word ‘play’. One can watch a play, play truant, play up, play football, play cards or play an instrument. Child development theorists have published a great many works on play and its impact on child development. Hutt et al (1989) (as quoted in Wood & Attfield (2005)) argued that play is “a jumbo category that encompasses a multiplicity of activities, some of which are conducive to learning, but many of which are not.” Wood & Attfield (2005) wrote that “play involves a wide range of behaviours, have multiple meanings for both children and adults and can be regarded as serious or trivial. It can be highly motivated or just plain messing about”. Moyles (2005) believed play to be “… a process which, in itself, will subsume a range of behaviours, motivations, opportunities, practices, skills and understandings …” For the purposes of this essay, I am focussing on the enjoyable activities which children undertake freely and spontaneously, alone or with their peers which brings pleasure, fulfilment and development. I will endeavour to explain how play is important to the holistic development of the young child and also how and why play changes during the first...
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...PLAY: It’s the way young children learn A special supplement to the Children’s Advocate, based on a policy brief from the Bay Area Early Childhood Funders (References at www.4children.org/play.htm) generation ago, kindergarten was supposed to get kids ready for school. But now everyone is talking about the importance of “school readiness” before kids get to kindergarten. That’s why many parents, anxious for their children to succeed in school, want early care and education programs to have children sit at tables using work sheets, drills, and flash cards to learn letters and numbers and even starting to read, add, and subtract. But preschoolers learn differently from school-age children: play is essential to early learning. Play is the main way children learn and develop ideas about the world. It helps them build the skills necessary for critical thinking and leadership. It’s how they learn to solve problems and to feel good about their ability to learn. Children learn the most from play when they have skilled teachers who are well-trained in understanding how play contributes to learning. Most child development experts agree that play is an essential part of a high-quality early learning program. Play is not a break from learning—it’s the way young children learn. A time following teachers’ instructions. Several studies have shown that children learn more from educational activities that support their own interests and ideas. Some researchers have found evidence that...
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...today. She developed the stages of play through children she observed in a preschool setting. In this study she developed six types of play: Unoccupied, Solitary, Onlooker, Parallel, Associative, and Cooperative. This theory shows us how play is developed in children today. So what is play? Play is basically letting the children have fun, but also involving learning which they call pretend play. The importance of play is important for a child’s development and learning skills. Play is supposed to be enjoyable and spontaneous which is why it is recommended in schools at the age of pre-school. Play helps your child develop social skills, motor skills and cognitive thinking. While...
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...In the article, "The Importance of Play," (September 2009) published in the early childhood education journal entitled Zero to Three, Stephanie Powers illustrates that children in our present time are not being immersed in enough forms of child-centered play. With the technology in use and the push for structured education in even our preschools these days, children seem to be missing out on a vital form of learning: imaginative playtime. According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), play is described as an inalienable right, not to be disturbed. Children thrive and gain knowledge from engaging in play with peers, caregivers, and family. One of the best ways to teach a child is through the experience they recieve each time a loved one devotes...
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...are wonderful kids that love to play all the time. Taylor is a quiet, shy, active, happy, organize, and an attentive type of child. She likes to observe people before she plays or talks to them. She likes to sit in the corner while watching TV and she doesn’t speak much. If you don’t ask her if she is hungry she won’t tell you because she is a very introverted child. Furthermore, she likes dolls, and she plays with them carefully. She also likes to play cars with Savien but she always put them back where they belong after she plays with them, unlike Savien. She is a very active child but likes to play quietly unlike Savien who plays loudly. Taylor is a happy child and a good friend of Savien. Savien is a very destructive, aggressive, active, nosy, happy, messy, and talkative child. He plays with his toys recklessly. Every time he plays with his toys they get damaged or lost. He doesn’t care about them but he likes to play with them. He is a very messy child that plays and leaves his toys everywhere. He likes to play in a more aggressive manner than Taylor, punching and fighting more so. He at times plays rough with Taylor and does not understand that he could hurt her or himself. He is very energetic and always wants to play even he is tired. He likes to talk to everyone even though he can’t form complete sentences yet. He asks plenty of questions about things he is curious about. Savien likes to smile a lot which proves he is a happy child. To sum up, Savien and Taylor are...
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...stick and how it can be used to support a child’s language development. I will be discussing the diversity of play through the stick and how this is supported by the curriculum and how it is also supported by theory. According to The National Toy Hall Of Fame, the stick may be the world’s oldest toy. Animals play with sticks; our dogs play fetch with them. Children have an endless source of make believe and fun with sticks. A child’s imagination can turn sticks into magic wands, fishing poles, swords, light sabres, majorette batons and ores for an imaginary boat and so on. Children cultivate their creativity and develop their imaginations when they pretend with sticks. Children build and walk with sticks, bat balls with them; they explore the outdoors as they search for the best one. Sticks promote free play, the freedom to invent and discover; they are the original building blocks for creative play. Playing with sticks encourages outside play which incorporates fresh air and exercise. Sticks are not only the oldest toys around they are simply the best. A stick can come in all shapes and sizes. They are not carefully made or presented like a manufactured resource. They are natural and rustic looking and that makes them appealing to children and wanting to engage with it. Like the old saying goes, you can spend a lot of money on a new state of the art toy, but the child gets more fun out of playing with the card board packaging it was delivered in. I think this is because it is...
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...negative effects on children’s behavior and other video games can provide positive effects. First off playing video games in my opinion reveal and uncover children to many different types of behavior. Video games can have different effects depending the person but not many games can really give children belligerent behavior. Not all video games children play are dangerous. Over the years video games have become more and more universal. However as I previously mentioned video games had become universal. Universally meaning worldwide and that everyone has their own opinions. Everyone has their own opinions on whether the video games their child plays is affecting their child’s behavior negatively or positively. Video games may influence your child or it may not. It all depends on your child and how he or she interacts with the video game. Overall I myself play video games and it has not influenced me none at all. For example I play Grand Theft Auto and this game tends to have a lot of violence in it. The key to the game is to get rewarded for certain behaviors the character portrays. This game may cause a child to react different than what their supposed to in a real life situation. This can cause them to have severe punishment or like in other cases the game does not brainwash them like others that...
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