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Chile Overview

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대부분의 남아메리카 국가와 마찬가지로 칠레에서도 스페인어를 쓰는데, 이웃 나라와는 달리 무척 특이한 억양을 보이고 있다.
졸업과정이 길고 힘든 탓인지, 인구의 17% 미만이 학사 이상의 학력을 소지하고 있어 졸업후 취업률이 상대적으로 매우 높다. 2000년 이후로 사립대의 지분거래가 가능하지면서 여러 교육법인의 사립 대학교가 난립하고 있으나 내부적으로 안정 되고 있으며, 시장경제를 받아들여 낙후된 교육수준을 끌어올렸다는 점에서 긍정적인 평이 있으나 교육의 경제, 사회적 불평등이 문제되고 있다. 칠레는 OECD 보고서에 따르면 2011년에 대한민국을 제치고 1위의 사교육.사립분야 성장률을 자랑하고 있다.
인구
칠레의 2002년 인구조사에서는 칠레 인구를 15,116,435명으로 보고했다. 칠레의 인구 성장세는 1990년대 들어 출산율 저하로 한풀 꺾이고 있다. 2050년에 칠레 인구는 대략 2,020만 정도로 예상되고 있다. 인구의 85%는 도시에 거주하며, 특히 40%는 산티아고 광역지역에 거주한다. 칠레 사회의 발전과 국가의 형성에서 이민은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 18세기에 칠레로 들어온 이민자들은 이 나라의 경제에 활력을 불어넣었고, 옛 카스티야 상류층 집단에 들어가 정치 지도층이 되어 아직도 칠레 사회를 주도하고 있다. 오늘날에는 이웃 나라에서 칠레로 이민오는 경우가 가장 많다. 2002년 칠레 인구조사에서 국내 이민자 184,464명 중 26%는 아르헨티나, 21%는 페루, 6%는 볼리비아 출신이었다. 칠레 인의 국외 이주는 지난 십년간 줄어들고 있다. 해외에 거주하는 칠레인은 857,781명으로 추산되며, 이 중 50.1%는 아르헨티나, 13.3%는 미국, 8.8%는 브라질, 4.6%는 스웨덴, 2% 남짓은 오스트레일리아에, 나머지는 세계 전역에 흩어져있다.
경제 - GDP
칠레 경제는 기업가들의 전문성, 각종 규제의 투명성, 의사결정의 예측가능성, 안정된 환율 등이 강점으로, 남미에서 유일한 투자등급 경제(2007년 6월 S&P 등급이 A임)이다. 칠레는 종속이론 등의 영향으로 수입대체 경제정책을 추구하였던 여타 중남미국가와는 달리, 1970년대 후반부터 개방과 경쟁의 시장경제체제를 추구해 왔으며, GDP, 고용, 국내저축과 투자가 지속적으로 성장해 오면서 대규모 외국인투자도 지속적으로 증가하였다.
[출처] 칠레의 경제 | 두산백과 GDP
1991억8300만 달러 (2009), 44위 전체순위
GDP Per Capita
1만1587 달러 (2009), 48위 전체순위 칠레는 라틴 아메리카에서 가장 안정된 경제 구조를 가진다. 칠레의 거시 경제적 예측 가능성과 민주적 정부의 안정화는 칠레를 투자하기에 적합한 나라로 만들었다.
칠레는 천연 자원이 비교적 적다. 오직 북부 지역에만 구리, 철, 몰리브덴 등의 풍부한 광산 자원이 존재한다. 중부 지역은 포도 재배와 와이너리, 기타 농경업에 의지하며 남부는 수산업 (특히 연어 양식)과 삼림업에 종사한다.
칠레는 80년대부터 1997년까지 연평균 7%의 성장을 지속해왔다. 1997년은 아시아의 금융 위기를 맞이하여 성장이 느려지며 2004년에는 6.1%의 성장을 기록했으며 여러 조치를 통하여 2010년에는 5.2%의 성장률을 기록 하였다.
경제지표(2010)
인플레이션 3%, 빈곤층 11.5%, 실업률 8.2%, 일인당 GDP $11,929 (Nominal), 국가 부채 비율 GDP의 6.1%
특징
칠레 경제와 시장은 경쟁적이며 피노체트 독재 시절부터 신자유주의 시장 정책 노선을 택하여 오늘까지 이어지고 있다. * 다양한 FTA(2011년 현재 11개국+여러 경제공동체=총 49개국) 체결로 인한 자유 경쟁 * 광산업이 차지하는 비중이 50% (10년 전에는 80%) * 빠른 서비스업의 성장 - 특히 통신, 부동산, 금융, 의료 * 작은 시장으로 인해 손쉬운 남미대륙 진입로(작은 위험) * 다양한 기후에 따른 다양한 농작물 * 제조업, 건설업, 화공업, 중공업 분야의 현지 기업 또는 경쟁력의 부재 * 유통, 판매 분야에서 대기업들의 매우 높은 시장점유율. * 유럽 지향의 높은 산업 규제.법률화 * 최근 3년간 월 3%대의 높은 살인적인 물가 인상률
산업구조/자원량
경제구조(2009)
1위 광업 50%, 2위 농수산+임업 5.1%, 3위 식품가공업.주류업을 포함한 경공업 27%, 4위 통운&관광 10%, 5위 기타 서비스업 3% 칠레의 경제는 구리, 초석, 철광석 등의 광물자원에 높은 의존도를 보이는데, 이는 2006년 현재 칠레 전체 수출액의 63.6%를 차지한다. 특히 이 중 구리가 56.5%를 차지하며, 정부가 100% 지분을 소유하는 칠레구리공사(CODELCO)는 정부재정수입의 15%를 기여한다. 구리의 확인매장량도 3억 6000만 톤으로 세계 1위이며, 생산량 또한 2006년 현재 약 536만 5000톤으로 세계 전체 생산의 35.2%를 차지하며 세계 1위이다. 2006년 현재 구리 수출액도 333억 4천 달러로 세계 수출의 42.1%를 차지하며 세계 1위이다.
[출처] 칠레의 경제 | 두산백과

2006년 칠레의 총수출은 590억 달러, 총수입은 353억 달러이다. 최근 구리 국제가격의 급등으로 수출이 급격히 증가하였다. 또한 전통적으로 구리를 중심으로 한 광물이 수출 주종이었으나 최근 공산품과 농수산물의 비중이 커지는 등 품목과 수출지역의 다변화가 이루어지고 있다. 수입에 있어서는 에너지 자원의 부족으로 원유수입의 비중이 가장 크며, 주로 자본재보다는 소비재 수입이 증가하였다. 주요 수출품은 구리, 과일, 수산물 제품, 종이 및 펄프, 화학, 와인 등이다. 주요 수입품은 원유, 화학, 전자 제품 및 이동통신제품, 산업기계류, 자동차, 천연가스 등이다. 주요 수출국은 2006년 현재 미국(16.2%), 일본(11%), 중국(9%), 한국(6.2%), 이탈리아(5.1%), 브라질(4.9%), 프랑스(4.3%), 멕시코(4%), 영국(3.2%), 독일(3.2%) 등이다. 주요 수입국은 미국(16%), 아르헨티나(12.9%), 브라질(12.2%), 중국(10.3%), 한국(4.7%), 독일(3.6%), 일본(3.3%), 프랑스(3.2%), 멕시코(2.9%), 스페인(2%) 등이다. 외채는 479억 4000만 달러에 달하고, 외환보유고는 194억 달러이다.
[출처] 칠레의 경제 | 두산백과 Emerging 되는 이유 인프라
항공
항공은 민영항공사들에 의해 운영되며 1~2000Km 내외의 단거리 항공이 잘 발달 되어 있고, 산티아고와 안토파가스타에 국제공항이 있다. 특히 섬이 많아 육로의 이용이 어려운 남부지방이나 거리가 먼 이스터 섬에 정기적인 항공편이 애용되고 있다.[9]
[편집]철도
남북으로 길쭉한 칠레에서는 철도·도로·연안 항로가 남북부를 연결한다. 동시에 높은 안데스 산맥을 넘어 볼리비아·아르헨티나와도 철도·도로로 연결된다. 철도는 전장 1만 100㎞이나 북부의 광산철도와 같이 주로 산업용이고 수도가 위치하는 중부지방의 승객을 위한 철도 시설이나 열차의 상태는 열악하여 개선이 필요하다.
[편집]도로
도로는 7만 6,595㎞에 달하지만 도시와 고속도로를 벗어나면 다차선 도로가 없고 오히려 간선도로가 발달되어있다. 덧붙여, 대도시는 도로포장의 유지 보수가 잘 않되는 경우가 많아 사고가 끊이지 않고 있다.
[편집]해상
세계에서 가장 긴 형태의 국가인 동시에 해상운송를 활용하는 해운이 잘 발달되어 있다. 주로 대량운송의 유류비 절감의 목적으로 정기적인 운송이 무역항 사이에서 운용되고 있다. 특히 섬이 많은 남부 지방과 칠로에 섬에 주로 승객과 차량을 동시에 운송하는 페리선들이 많다. 최근 뉴스
- 미국 스타트업이 칠레로 간 까닭은? http://media.daum.net/digital/others/newsview?newsid=20121016140613481 - 중남미 4인방 '경기침체 무풍지대' http://news.kukinews.com/article/view.asp?page=1&gCode=kmi&arcid=0006685710&cp=du - 칠레, 남미국가 중 최고 신용등급 받은 비결은 http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/12/27/2012122701975.html - 칠레, 2020년까지 건설에 2167억 달러 투입 http://www.lenews.co.kr/newsdb/newsread.asp?uid=25832 -칠레, 수처리 인프라에 10억 달러 투자 http://lenews.co.kr/newsdb/newsread.asp?uid=26015 -칠레 대사관 http://www.coreachile.org/ -칠레 정부 http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/english/ -휴대전화 자주 바꾸는 국민 1위, 2위 칠레 55.5%에 비해 한국 67.8%! http://moviejoy.com/public/e_view.asp?db=pubic&num=2678 -피부로 느껴지는 한-칠레 FTA…내달 1일 발효 9주년 http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=101&oid=001&aid=0006158079 칠레 v - 투자리스크, 무역리스크 낮음. 정책변화리스크, 인벤트 리스크 낮음. 민주주의가 안착된 국가. 인플레이션 리스크는 낮은편, 경기 급락리스크는 보통( 유럽 재정위기 여파)

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