Additional Funds Needed (AFN) | (Assets tied to sales / Sales at past year)(Change in Sales) - (Liabilities tied to sales)(Change in Sales) - (Net Income)(Retention Ratio) | AFN for Sustainable Growth | (Assets tied to sales / Sales at past year)(Change in Sales) - (Net Income)(Retention Ratio) | APR (Calculate from EAR) | Nom ( EAR , Number of Compounding Periods) | Average collection period | 365 / Receivables Turnover | Average Daily Float | (Delay per period)(Amount of check) / Number of days per period | Basic Earning Power | EBIT / Total Assets | Beta of Stock A | Cov (A, Market) / Var (Market) | Bond Interest Rate Risk | Bond Price may rise and fall due to Market Interest rates. Longer Maturity bonds more sensitive to Interest rate changes than shorter ones | Bond Price (rises if discount rate falls) | N = years to maturity, I/R = Discount Rate, PMT = Interest payments from Bonds, FV = Principal Value ---> Calculate PV | Bond Price of Semi-Annual Bond | N = Years to Maturity * 2, I/R = Discount Rate divide by 2, PMT = Interest payments divide by 2, FV = Principal Value | Bond Reinvestment Rate Risk | When Market interest fall, income may fall. When Callable bonds are recalled or when bonds Matured, I need to reinvest the principal. But as Market Interest rate falls, my income will fall | Bond Risk | Interest Rate Risk (Short Term) & Reinvestment Rate Risk (hold to maturity) | Capital Intensity Ratio | Total Assets / Sales | Cash Coverage Ratio | (EBIT + Depreciation Expenses) / Interest Rate | Cash Discount | Discount / Days needed for discount N. Maximum loan period | Cash Flow From Assets | Cash to Creditors + Cash to Stockholders OR Operating Cash Flow - Net Capital Spending - Changes in Net Working Capital | Changes in Net Working Capital |