...Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become thin, weak and break easily, most often from a minor fall. The most common broken bones are the spine, wrist or hip. Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease." You can't feel or see your bones getting thinner. Bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Osteoporosis typically affects the elderly, but it is not a normal part of aging. Many of the risk factor can be controlled; however age being one of the biggest risk factor is unavoidable, along with race and gender. Osteoporosis can happen to anyone, it has not age, gender or ethical boundaries. However it does tend to affect more women of Caucasian and Asian descent. It also affects women that are going through menopause. All of these risk factors are unavoidable. Men and other population can get osteoporosis; they are just at a slightly lower risk than Caucasian and Asian women. Certain medications such as oral or inhaled corticosteroid medications that may be necessary in treating other heath condition my lead to osteoporosis. Medication such as corticosteroids and steroids can affect bone density. Other genetic risk factors are family history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Having a family history does not mean that you are automatically going to get the disease but it can be a factor. There are many controllable factors in reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Diet, exercise and other behaviors are at least as important...
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...Individual Paper: Chronic Diseases Dene M. Blakely SCI/163 July 25, 2011 Cognitive decline and memory loss are considered a normal function of aging by millions of people; especially with older generation. The term cognition simply refers to the ability to think. Therefore the word term cognitive decline simply refers to the concept of a decrease in the ability to think. According to Head Strong Web Site, “Cognitive decline is deterioration in cognitive function. There is a normal process of age related cognitive decline across the life-span characterized by increasing difficulties with memory (new learning) speed of information processing, language and other cognitive functions” (Head Strong, 2011). In this paper, we will explore in dept with cognitive decline, the risk factors associate with the disease, and treatments or approaches in coping with the disease. Description of Cognitive Decline Cognitive decline is a disease that decreases an individual ability to think. The disease is commonly found in older generations, after 70 years old. On the other hand, in a recent study, study indicates that cognitive decline can begins in late 20s. According to Science Daily Web Site, "This research suggests that some aspects of age-related cognitive decline begin in healthy, educated adults when they are in their 20s and 30s," said Timothy Salthouse, a University of Virginia professor of psychology and the study's lead investigator.” (Science Daily, 2009). Mild cognitive...
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...An Introduction to Guasha(yuan dynasty) Gua means “to scrape” and Sha means “red skin rash” (in other words, the result of the Gua).So The essence of Guasha is the scraping of the back and other areas to release blocked Qi (energy) and to cure other illnesses. When is Gua Sha used? Gua Sha is used whenever a patient has pain whether associated with an acute or chronic disorder. It can resolve musculo skeletal pain, Gua Sha is used to treat as well as prevent common cold, flu, bronchitis, asthma, as well as any chronic disorder involving pain, congestion of Qi and Blood. Where is Gua Sha applied? Sha is raised primarily at the surface of the body: the back, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and limbs. On occasion, Gua Sha is applied at the chest and abdomen. How is Gua Sha applied? Doctors their patients to find areas that feel tight. They then rub them with a spoon or similar tool until they turn red. “Essentially, you are scraping the restriction in their skin,” What kind of instrument is used to Gua Sha? A soupspoon, coin, or slice of water buffalo horn is used in Asia. I have found that a simple metal cap with a rounded lip works best and is by far more comfortable to the patient. What does the type of Sha indicate? The color of the Sha is both diagnostic and prognostic. Very 1.light colored Sha can indicate Deficiency of Blood. 2.If the Sha is purple or black, the Blood stasis is long-standing. 3.If brown, the Blood may be dry. 4.Dark red...
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...2010 Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) Sammy Osei MPA/Healthcare Management Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) 2 INTRODUCTION Medicare, an entitlement program that provides healthcare benefits to seniors over 65 years old, patients with disability and those suffering from end stage renal diseases, contributes enormously to the rising cost of care in the United States. Key cost drivers within Medicare are the leading chronic diseases and its risk factors. This program plan institutes preventative educational and training programs to help minimize and alleviate ailments associated with major chronic diseases and its risk factors. The plan identifies demographic groups affected by leading chronic diseases, specifies target stakeholders, and justifies how their contribution impacts the program. This plan outlines program case statement detailing the mission, goals, objectives, organizational history and structure as well as plans devised for fundraising. The plan does a thorough problem analysis to identify unmet needs necessitating this intervention plan. This P Plan presents a financial statement that describes the tax status of the P-Plan and reports a year’s budget estimate with relevant financial policies that justifies and strategically integrates budget with objectives, goals and mission to ensure fiscal accountability and responsibility. A human resource structure is illustrated in this P-Plan detailing list of positions and...
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...Years of college and constant social exposure has allowed me to gain insight on my own personality as well as to expand on my social skills. The fundamental nature of effective communication is based on emotions. On a personal level I was fortunate to have been given opportunities for introspection, which I believe instilled within me immense emotional intelligence. As a working professional I am able to utilize those attributes to create a productive working environment as well as to alleviate the emotional and physical pain and suffering of my patients. I am faced on a daily basis with patients who are frustrated and angry with the world because of their inability to communicate and provide self care secondary to a debilitating, chronic or acute disease. I am at times angered...
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...Chronic Diseases Your Name Class Name Date Instructor Name Chronic Diseases Cancer is a major cause of death in developed countries such as the United States. Over twenty percent of all deaths are caused by cancer of some type, although the percentage can be higher at younger ages. It makes sense to try to avoid developing cancer in the first place, especially since the treatments are often only partially effective and frequently almost as unpleasant as the disease itself. After many years of research and spending billions of dollars researchers have still not found what causes cancer. When it comes to risk factors you can control some of them, but not all of them. Those you can't control can include genetics or family history. The environmental exposures or behaviors that occurred in a person’s past should also be considered when determining risk factors. Those you can control include your current and future behavior, including diet and exercise, and your current and future environmental exposures, Risk factors are not absolutes, having one or more risk factors does not mean you will definitely get cancer, and avoiding risk factors does not guarantee you will be healthy. Genetic risk factors include certain mutation of genes that can make cells unstable, therefore a higher chance of getting cancers such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Diet and exercise can become risk factors for cancer. There are changes a person can make in their life to lessen the risk...
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...1] Discuss the role the educator has to play with regard to child abuse. The role of the teacher »The teacher has an important role to play with regard to child abuse. »Identification of the abused child. The teacher must be able to recognise all the physical and behavioural symptoms that indicate abuse. »Identification of the abusive adult. The teacher should be on the lookout for behavioural characteristics in a parent that could indicate that their child is at risk of abuse. »The teacher should keep written records of all observations about suspected or actual abuse. Reporting of Child Abuse »Record the child's version of the event, in their own words, as soon as possible. »The first report is important evidence. This is the statement of the person to whom the child first reported the abuse. The teacher should make a written note so that it can be accurately recalled in legal proceedings. »The teacher should report suspicions to the principal and social worker, doctor, nurse, police so proper investigation can be done. »The teacher should never confront parents themselves, this could: •anger the parents •destroy the teacher-parent relationship •increase the abuse »Several critical things the teacher should provide so they develop a sense of wellbeing to progress beyond abuse. •Trust •Predictable routines •Consistent behaviour •Safe boundaries •Confidence •Good communication 2] According to Reddy and Tobias (1994:20), the term "Health...
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...Introduction In this assignment the author is going to explore and critique the article “School Nurses in New Jersey: A Quantitative Inquiry on Roles and Responsibilities” (Appendix 1). Main Body The author feels that the title of the critique article is limited. It does not clearly identify the methodology used for gaining the information throughout the article. It does however state the method of research used which in this case is quantitative research which would be beneficial knowledge when reading the article. In the authors opinion it is a very broad title that does not interest the reader to continue to read it. There is no heading to identify the abstract which in the authors opinion makes it difficult to know where to begin or end reading. The abstract differs from the what the title states as it does not mention the exact role of the nurse instead it mentions the efforts brought about by school nurses to benefit the students. The abstract is brief however it mentions the number of schools included in the study which would be beneficial to the reader. The article states the sample number of schools is 63 which in the authors opinion is hard to make a realistic or accurate study as it is a low number in relation to the number of schools in New Jersey. In relation to the problem, the author feels it has not been stated clearly. The opening paragraph only states the changes and challenges that school nurses are facing but not the actual problem this is causing...
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...Introduction It is well known that people suffering from chronic diseases have major impact in the healthcare delivery systems, including the elderly population over the age of 65. With the advances in technology combined with the aging population, more people are living longer with chronic diseases. Longer life expectancies count for higher costs in healthcare for the treatment, management and prevention of further complications arising from chronic diseases. The third most common chronic disease of the older adults is Parkinson’s disease. It is a debilitating disease affecting a person’s motor ability, causing tremors, rigidity, akinesia or slow movement, and postural instability. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 500, 000 individuals in the United States suffer from Parkinson’s Disease, and it is estimated that males are more often affected than females. Parkinson’s disease has a large economic impact and directly affects medical costs, as well as the affecting the person financially, such as lost wages and decreased productivity. According to a recent interview with a client suffering from PD over the course of ten years, the disability directly impacted his personal life, financial status, and family members. The next discussion talks about how the patient learned about his disease and the personal impact it created at the beginning of the disease process until the peak onset later in his life. How the patient learned about his disease During the...
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...Demographics on Patients Requiring Long-Term Care HCS/490 Ada Martin February 4, 2013 Cindy Perkins Populations around the world are aging, and more people are living with the effects of serious chronic illness toward the end of their lives. Meeting their needs presents a public health challenge. Better palliative care practices are needed to help those involved in planning and supporting care-oriented services most appropriately and effectively suited to the elder care needs. Long-term care encompasses a wide assortment of medical, social, personal, supportive and specialized housing services needed by individuals who have lost some capacity for self-care because of a chronic illness or disabling condition. With long-term care needs and, services are wide-ranging and complex, statistics studies vary from study to study. A report prepared by the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging (February 2000) described long-term care as follows: “It [long-term care] differs from other types of health care in that the goal of long-term care is not to cure an illness, but to allow an individual to attain and maintain an optimal level of functioning…” The first estimated yearly percentage contribution of an aging population development to rise in price for the periods of 1975 through 1990 and anticipated their probable development between 1990 and 2005. Comparable outlines of change are given an account for the hospital, physicians, and other sectors. Predictable demographics influences...
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...treatment and adherence to regimens. Quality of Life measures the overall sense of optimal health and coping mechanisms incorporating the positive and negative challenges encountered. This can include physical, mental, sexual, and social self-perceived health status. Quality of Life can also reflect freedom from disease symptoms and the ability to perform daily activity with minimal compromise. Quality of Life and health status have been used interchangeably by some researchers, but are regarded as separate measures by others. For example, according to Smith, Avis, & Assmann (1999) QOL has been examined as an outcome measure, and is an important endpoint in medical care. However, its definition still lacks clarity, especially in chronic disease. A Health Status Outcome (HSO) is an outcome or end result of medical care given, while in QOL, physical functioning and psychosocial variables are evaluated (Smith et al., 1999) These authors state, “QOL and health status are distinct constructs. When rating QOL, patients give greater emphasis to mental health than to physical functioning. This pattern is reversed for...
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...Chapter 1 Page 30 evens 2. 481 4. 415.0 6. 242.31 8. 569.85 10. 414.01 12. V22.0 14. 131.03 Page 48-49 all 1. K35.2 2. Z85.3 3. R07.2 4. I26.09 5. J15.4 6. E05.20 7. Q89.2 8. M19.071 9. J20.9 10. I25.119 11. K55.21 12. Z34.02 13. S72.142A 14. M32.14 15. I63.239 16. B17.11 17. A59.02 18. D3A.020 19. N13.8 20. C91.01 Chapter 2 Page 65 Evens 2. 47.09 4. 86.62 6. 98.02 8. 68.41 10. 81.23 12. 79.35 14. 22.62 Page 86-87 All 1. 0DJ08ZZ 2. 0HBUOZZ 3. 041L0KL 4. 0UN74ZZ 5. 0SG10A1 6. 0TP98OZ 7. 0XMJ0ZZ 8. 0W9G3ZX 9. 0Y6M0Z9 10. 0TY10Z0 11. 0DQE0ZZ 12. 0Q5G0ZZ 13. 02RG38Z 14. 02703ZZ 15. 025N8ZZ 16. 05CD0ZZ 17. 0SWD0JZ 18. 0UCB8ZZ 19. 0TF6XZZ 20. 0D848ZZ 21. 0HXKXZZ 22. 02VR0CZ 23. 04LE3DT 24. 0W4M0K0 25. 0H0V0JZ 26. 00HV3MZ 27. 0UQG0ZZ 28. 0BP10ZZ 29. 009000Z 30. 0W3G0ZZ Chapter 3 Page 100-102 All 1. In the discharge summary the doctor had put the diagnosis of what he had found with the patient. He said nothing about the testing there for the coder should not have coded the tests. 2. Medicare and Medicaid 3. Principal diagnosis is the condition established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the patient to the hospital for care. 4. Other diagnosis are all conditions that coexist at...
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...Osteoporosis A chronic disease is a prolonged illness that does not resolve spontaneously and is rarely cured (Donatelle, 2011, p. 353). There are many horrible, chronic diseases that affect a great deal of adults, but one of the worse is Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition that, although progresses painlessly, causes the bones to become fragile and break very easily. It is caused by calcium leaving the bones faster than it should, and causes lower bone density, thus more fractures. Calcium is a mineral that gives the bones strength, and can be found in dairy products, broccoli, turnip greens, tofu, eggs, and fish like salmon or sardines eaten with the bones. Bone density is the measure of how strong bones are, and low bone density is the cause of Osteoporosis. Most commonly, wrist, hip, and spine factures happen as a result of this disease, but it can also cause hospitalization, surgery, life-long disability, or even death. Osteoporosis affects 1 out of every 2 women over the age of 50, and is 4 time more likely to affect a woman than it is a man ("Www.Powerflexweb.com", 2013). There are many factors that play into whether this disease will impact a person’s life, some are modifiable, some are not. Family history, estrogen deficiency, ethnicity, and body frame are all non-modifiable, or unchangeable, risk factors. A risk factor is any detail, in a person’s life, that will affect the chances of them getting a certain disease. Even though there are some factors that...
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...Health Psychology - Fall 2012 PSYCH 242, Section 4 T & Th 4:10 - 5:25 pm (HW 619) Textbook: Health Psychology by Shelley Taylor (8th ed.) Additional readings will be posted on blackboard at least a week before they are to be read for class. Course Overview: This course will provide an introduction to the field of health psychology, which is concerned with the roles of behavioral/lifestyle, psychological and social factors on health, illness and chronic disease. The course will address four general subject areas: 1) attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle factors affecting disease prevention and development; 2) stress and the related psychological and social processes associated with disease development and progression; 3) social and psychological factors involved in the illness experience; and 4) long-term social and psychological implications of chronic illness (e.g., heart disease, cancer). Grading Criteria: Attendance (5%): You are allowed three unexcused absences. Quizzes (10%): To ensure you are keeping up with the reading, there will be periodic pop quizzes. Homework (15%): Throughout the semester I will give some short homework assignments to be turned in at the start of class time on the date due. Exams (75)%: There will be four exams. I will drop one. Academic Integrity: “Hunter College regards acts of academic dishonesty (e.g., plagiarism, cheating on examinations, obtaining unfair advantage, and falsification of records and official documents) as serious offenses against...
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...I will be looking at the effects of acute and chronic illness on society, particularly in Britain, and the differences between public and private healthcare in their treatment of these problems. Great Britain has a relatively high level of public expenditure on healthcare as a percentage of its GDP. In terms of its healthcare structure it is one of the most public systems as it has a National Health Service, thus offering free healthcare to all residents. The system differs greatly from the more market driven and private healthcare structure of the US. Because of the provision of free healthcare, the vast majority of people in Britain use public healthcare as opposed to the expensive private alternative. However, this does not mean that public healthcare in the UK is superior to other countries as the government struggles constantly with the cost of maintaining the NHS. This leads to a number of cost cutting initiatives, rationing and an inability to purchase the most expensive and advanced medical equipment. The British government also suffers with such problems as bed blocking as hospitals are over subscribed with patients, which leads to increased waiting times for ill people. These problems occur far less in private healthcare sector in the UK, which is of a high level, but it is difficult for the majority to afford. An acute illness is one, which begins and progresses rapidly such as a cold or flu. The person is fine one moment and in urgent need of medical help...
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