...Self-Management in Chronic Illnesses: A Concept Analysis Dianne Rinehardt Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice November 2015 Self-management in Chronic Illness: A Concept Analysis Globally, the human species is experiencing longer life-spans. As the number of persons with extended lifespans increases, so does the prevalence of those living with chronic illnesses. With the inception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, there has been a paradigm shift in the focus of healthcare from treatment to prevention. The origin of this paradigm shift occurred when traditional provider-directed/patient compliant approach failed to produce the outcomes that were expected (Udlis, 2011). Transforming healthcare from a treatment modality to one of prevention assumes that each person will be actively engaged in the prevention of chronic illnesses. Dorothea Orem’s self-care and self-care deficit nursing theory is based on the premise that people are naturally inclined towards self-care and that nursing should be focused on identifying and correcting any self-care deficits. Orem defined self-care as, “care that is performed by oneself for oneself when one has reached a state of maturity that is enabling for consistent, controlled, effective, and purposeful action” (Orem, Taylor & Renpenning, 2001, p 149). Orem’s self-care and self-care deficit theory is directly applicable to the concept of self-management...
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...Many people do not truly understand what Diabetes is. The more people understand this disease, the easier it will be to prevent it. Knowledge about how the body digests its food and how it uses glucose would benefit most people who are high risk for developing Diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic illness that involves the balance of glucose and insulin in the body. Glucose is vital to the body because muscles and tissues depend on it for energy. Insulin is a chemical that prompts the cells to absorb the glucose. If one has diabetes, there is too much glucose and not enough insulin in the body, which leads to serious health problems. Chronic diabetes conditions are known as Type 1 and Type 2. Also known as Adult-Onset Diabetes, Type 2 is the more common form of the illness. One can stay healthier longer and reduce the risk of diabetes by maintaining a healthy diet, staying physically active, and sustaining a healthy body-weight. Type 2 Diabetes is developed because the body begins to resist the effects of insulin, or does not produce enough insulin to maintain the proper amount of glucose in the blood. Some symptoms include increased thirst and urination, intense hunger and fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. There is no cure for Diabetes, and if left untreated, Type 2 diabetes can be fatal. That is why it is important to know the risk factors and be screened periodically. If it is caught early enough, in the pre-diabetes stage, the development of the disease could...
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...I will be looking at the effects of acute and chronic illness on society, particularly in Britain, and the differences between public and private healthcare in their treatment of these problems. Great Britain has a relatively high level of public expenditure on healthcare as a percentage of its GDP. In terms of its healthcare structure it is one of the most public systems as it has a National Health Service, thus offering free healthcare to all residents. The system differs greatly from the more market driven and private healthcare structure of the US. Because of the provision of free healthcare, the vast majority of people in Britain use public healthcare as opposed to the expensive private alternative. However, this does not mean that public healthcare in the UK is superior to other countries as the government struggles constantly with the cost of maintaining the NHS. This leads to a number of cost cutting initiatives, rationing and an inability to purchase the most expensive and advanced medical equipment. The British government also suffers with such problems as bed blocking as hospitals are over subscribed with patients, which leads to increased waiting times for ill people. These problems occur far less in private healthcare sector in the UK, which is of a high level, but it is difficult for the majority to afford. An acute illness is one, which begins and progresses rapidly such as a cold or flu. The person is fine one moment and in urgent need of medical help...
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...Introduction In this assignment the author is going to explore and critique the article “School Nurses in New Jersey: A Quantitative Inquiry on Roles and Responsibilities” (Appendix 1). Main Body The author feels that the title of the critique article is limited. It does not clearly identify the methodology used for gaining the information throughout the article. It does however state the method of research used which in this case is quantitative research which would be beneficial knowledge when reading the article. In the authors opinion it is a very broad title that does not interest the reader to continue to read it. There is no heading to identify the abstract which in the authors opinion makes it difficult to know where to begin or end reading. The abstract differs from the what the title states as it does not mention the exact role of the nurse instead it mentions the efforts brought about by school nurses to benefit the students. The abstract is brief however it mentions the number of schools included in the study which would be beneficial to the reader. The article states the sample number of schools is 63 which in the authors opinion is hard to make a realistic or accurate study as it is a low number in relation to the number of schools in New Jersey. In relation to the problem, the author feels it has not been stated clearly. The opening paragraph only states the changes and challenges that school nurses are facing but not the actual problem this is causing...
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...An Introduction to Guasha(yuan dynasty) Gua means “to scrape” and Sha means “red skin rash” (in other words, the result of the Gua).So The essence of Guasha is the scraping of the back and other areas to release blocked Qi (energy) and to cure other illnesses. When is Gua Sha used? Gua Sha is used whenever a patient has pain whether associated with an acute or chronic disorder. It can resolve musculo skeletal pain, Gua Sha is used to treat as well as prevent common cold, flu, bronchitis, asthma, as well as any chronic disorder involving pain, congestion of Qi and Blood. Where is Gua Sha applied? Sha is raised primarily at the surface of the body: the back, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and limbs. On occasion, Gua Sha is applied at the chest and abdomen. How is Gua Sha applied? Doctors their patients to find areas that feel tight. They then rub them with a spoon or similar tool until they turn red. “Essentially, you are scraping the restriction in their skin,” What kind of instrument is used to Gua Sha? A soupspoon, coin, or slice of water buffalo horn is used in Asia. I have found that a simple metal cap with a rounded lip works best and is by far more comfortable to the patient. What does the type of Sha indicate? The color of the Sha is both diagnostic and prognostic. Very 1.light colored Sha can indicate Deficiency of Blood. 2.If the Sha is purple or black, the Blood stasis is long-standing. 3.If brown, the Blood may be dry. 4.Dark red...
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...Associate Level Material Name Sci/162 Week 7 Foodborne Illness Date [pic]Hepatitis A ? What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? For example, the name of the bacteria, virus, or parasite.[pic] There are several types of Hepatitis. Infectious hepatitis, which is commonly referred to as Hepatitis A, infects the liver via the virus of the same name. This is commonly spread through contamination from feces. The virus is transmitted among people through direct contact with an infected person and from improper hygiene. For example, if a kitchen worker uses the restroom and does not properly wash their hands and goes directly back to preparing food the virus can be passed on. Hepatitis is a Picornavirus which means the virus non-enveloped, single stranded enclosed in a protein shell. Although there are several genotypes, only 1 serotype exists. ? [pic]How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Hepatitis A[pic] can be transmitted [pic]through[pic] water [pic]and[pic] food from preparing food anywhere, whether an individual is at a restaurant, home or a friend’s house. If an individual is prepping food and he or she is infected with the hepatitis A virus it can easily spread to the next individual. Food handlers that have hepatitis can contaminate the food and water or if the use the restroom and do not wash his or her hands well can also spread the disease. [pic]Usually this type of spread is limited to family members or their...
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...Demographics on Patients Requiring Long-Term Care HCS/490 Ada Martin February 4, 2013 Cindy Perkins Populations around the world are aging, and more people are living with the effects of serious chronic illness toward the end of their lives. Meeting their needs presents a public health challenge. Better palliative care practices are needed to help those involved in planning and supporting care-oriented services most appropriately and effectively suited to the elder care needs. Long-term care encompasses a wide assortment of medical, social, personal, supportive and specialized housing services needed by individuals who have lost some capacity for self-care because of a chronic illness or disabling condition. With long-term care needs and, services are wide-ranging and complex, statistics studies vary from study to study. A report prepared by the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging (February 2000) described long-term care as follows: “It [long-term care] differs from other types of health care in that the goal of long-term care is not to cure an illness, but to allow an individual to attain and maintain an optimal level of functioning…” The first estimated yearly percentage contribution of an aging population development to rise in price for the periods of 1975 through 1990 and anticipated their probable development between 1990 and 2005. Comparable outlines of change are given an account for the hospital, physicians, and other sectors. Predictable demographics influences...
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...ProWellness Chronic Disease Management System ProWellness has developed and marketed regional solutions for the prevention, care and management of long-term conditions for public and private healthcare organisations since 1996. ProWellness’ approach to product design is focused on improving the quality of healthcare and analytical processing of information. The ProWellness Chronic Disease Management System (later CDMS) is used by healthcare professionals as a region-wide tool for preventing, managing and evaluating chronic illnesses. Currently the CDMS includes modules for diabetes, other cardiovascular diseases and COPD. A SelfCare module supports the patient’s commitment to selfcare and allows active participation in the care process. Together they provide a tool which supports a well organised and patient-centred care process. Region-wide use of the CDMS promotes information sharing and better co-operation between primary and secondary care. In addition, the system guides healthcare professionals’ daily work. The system is developed in co-operation with healthcare professionals. The system is also highly flexible, which ensures that it is capable of supporting the latest care guidelines and local procedures. Various system screens give a holistic view of the patient’s current condition and history. This enables better projection of the development of the condition, which subsequently leads to timely and effective interventions to prevent future complications caused by the condition...
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...2010 Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) Sammy Osei MPA/Healthcare Management Health Improvement and Cost Reduction Plan (HICREP) 2 INTRODUCTION Medicare, an entitlement program that provides healthcare benefits to seniors over 65 years old, patients with disability and those suffering from end stage renal diseases, contributes enormously to the rising cost of care in the United States. Key cost drivers within Medicare are the leading chronic diseases and its risk factors. This program plan institutes preventative educational and training programs to help minimize and alleviate ailments associated with major chronic diseases and its risk factors. The plan identifies demographic groups affected by leading chronic diseases, specifies target stakeholders, and justifies how their contribution impacts the program. This plan outlines program case statement detailing the mission, goals, objectives, organizational history and structure as well as plans devised for fundraising. The plan does a thorough problem analysis to identify unmet needs necessitating this intervention plan. This P Plan presents a financial statement that describes the tax status of the P-Plan and reports a year’s budget estimate with relevant financial policies that justifies and strategically integrates budget with objectives, goals and mission to ensure fiscal accountability and responsibility. A human resource structure is illustrated in this P-Plan detailing list of positions and...
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...1] Discuss the role the educator has to play with regard to child abuse. The role of the teacher »The teacher has an important role to play with regard to child abuse. »Identification of the abused child. The teacher must be able to recognise all the physical and behavioural symptoms that indicate abuse. »Identification of the abusive adult. The teacher should be on the lookout for behavioural characteristics in a parent that could indicate that their child is at risk of abuse. »The teacher should keep written records of all observations about suspected or actual abuse. Reporting of Child Abuse »Record the child's version of the event, in their own words, as soon as possible. »The first report is important evidence. This is the statement of the person to whom the child first reported the abuse. The teacher should make a written note so that it can be accurately recalled in legal proceedings. »The teacher should report suspicions to the principal and social worker, doctor, nurse, police so proper investigation can be done. »The teacher should never confront parents themselves, this could: •anger the parents •destroy the teacher-parent relationship •increase the abuse »Several critical things the teacher should provide so they develop a sense of wellbeing to progress beyond abuse. •Trust •Predictable routines •Consistent behaviour •Safe boundaries •Confidence •Good communication 2] According to Reddy and Tobias (1994:20), the term "Health...
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...there is proof that exercise is beneficial to people with long term illnesses then maybe, by nurses, the patients can be persuaded to be involved in more exercise which would improve their health and quality of life, including improving their illnesses without more medications. Nurses provide a lot of client education and also promote health in all of their clients and can improve the health and well-being of their clients that they serve. The main research question in this article is not stated outright. This author believes that the research question would be; what are the health benefits of physical activity in chronically ill adults? Also another question could be added; which strategies and practices are most effective in increasing physical activity in chronic illness. The hypothesis of this study was not stated. This author interprets the hypothesis would be; Physical activity in chronically ill adults will improve health and wellness to these clients. This article discussed the implications of findings that describe the strategies and practices commonly used to promote physical activity in patients with chronic illnesses, and the exercises that are most beneficial. This is very important in chronically ill clients’ health and well-being. The study variables were many because of the diverse population that was studied, sex, age socioeconomic status, and ethnicity and also the chronic illnesses that were within that...
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...Bloom’s Taxonomy and Nursing Care Sherrie Fetterman Health and Chronic Disease Management/NUR427 October 3, 2011 Gina Stephens Bloom’s Taxonomy and Nursing Care An estimated 99 million Americans currently suffer from a form of chronic disease and will enter the health care field unknowing what to expect (Annuals of Internal Medicine, 2011). Disease knows no boundaries nor is there any age limitations. What is consistent, is the disease inflicted patients need to learn about their disease and how to live normal lives regardless of their literary level. In 1956, Benjamin Bloom and a group of educational psychologists developed Bloom’s Taxonomy, a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. The taxonomy has three domains: the cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Each domain begins with the most basic learning level, and increases to the more intellectual level of learning. As Larsen and Lubkin states, “The teaching-learning process is characterized by multifaceted, dynamic, and interactive exchanges that are fundamental to client-family education and nursing practice” (p. 320). Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education equips nurses with the tools necessary to help patients and family members become successful in coping with their chronic illnesses. The findings of the cognitive domains represent use of knowledge and mental skills of the patient, and is further divided into 6 levels from the lowest level to the highest level...
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...Addiction as a Chronic Illness Donnell Parker PS370-01 Health Psychology January 17, 2012 Chronic illness refers to conditions that have the following conditions: The condition involves some disability; it is caused by mostly nonreversible pathological change; and it requires training and motivation on the part of the patient to care for himself or herself. The onset of chronic illness can be sudden or gradual, but one characteristic common to all chronic illnesses is that the patient cannot fully return to the pre-illness state of health (Friedman 2002). Some examples of chronic illnesses are AIDS, various forms of cancer, epilepsy and asthma. Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable but the continued use of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, even health. Users may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others (Iliff 2012). Addictions are another form of chronic illnesses. Addictions are characterized by relapses in thinking or a return to substance abuse. Relapse is now seen as the rule rather than the exception in addiction recovery. And it is no longer viewed as a catastrophe but as an opportunity for learning more and better strategies for overcoming urges and for identifying the moods and...
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...Multimorbidity is a clinical condition which is defined as a state where three or more chronic illness conditions prevail in a patient either centrally or dependant upon one or more central condition (Fortin et al., 2007). This clinical condition is characterised by overlapping pathophysiology, synergetic disease intensity and intersection of individual illnesses management (Boyd et al., 2010). Few examples of the composing illnesses include coronary heart diseases, dyspepsia, migraines, sleep disturbances, bowel imbalance and Sarcopenia ( Fortin et al., 2007) Prevalence of multi morbidity varies across different parts of the world depending upon variance of population sample, age group of the society, advancement of health care monitoring systems and ethnic conditions. In developing countries like most of the Asian countries, rates of life expectancy are reported to increase due to advances is environmental and working conditions of the population. With the increase in life expectancy rates, the prevalence of coexistence of these diseases also steeply increases and is directly proportional (Akker et al., 1998). Further more, the prevalence of this clinical condition is more in developing countries when compared to that of developed countries due to increased percentage of vulnerable groups like young children, diseased and unattended patients and poor economical conditions (Valderas et al., 2009). The government of UK launched a initiative in collaboration with the NHS...
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...Madison Children’s Hospital: Chronic Health Illness Program HSM 270 Abstract Madison Children’s Hospital has been serving the multi-cultural rich county of Orange, California since 1960. For more than 50 years, Madison Children’s hospital (MCH) has been steadfastly committed to providing the highest quality medical care to children. MCH has provided medical care to over 1 million children in the county of Orange. Our regional pediatric healthcare network includes a state-of-the-art main hospital facility in the City of Orange. Madison Children’s Clinic also offers many primary and specialty care services to the community. Madison Children’s hospital has recorded an increase in the amount of children and adolescents ages 0-21 with chronic illnesses. This has brought a concern to the community as well as Madison Children’s Hospital. MCH is dedicated to assisting and enriching health services, as well as developing programs to benefit the families of Orange County. MCH is proposing a funding opportunity to become a leader in research and discover, educated future generations, and enhance the health and well being of not only the children in the county of Orange, but worldwide. Madison Children’s Hospital is proposing funding for the Chronic Health Illness Program (CHIP). The CHIP program will provide all its services in a family-centered in-patient and out-patient facility to ensure continuity and cost effective care. The program serves infants to young adults...
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