...Speech: How they Function in Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Campaigns Understanding ethics and freedom of speech are vitally important when undertaking a PR campaign. This was not the case for neither Edward L. Bernay’s “Torches of Freedom” campaign nor the electronic cigarette campaign mentioned in the assignment description. In many ways, both campaigns are unethical to participate in. However, the “Torches of Freedom” campaign is much more unethical due to societies lack of knowledge of smoking’s dangers at the time and the American public’s heightened awareness and cautiousness of substance abuse dangers that came about in following centuries. Ethics of E-cigs vs. Torches of Freedom Campaign From an ethical...
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...Cigarettes are the most common form of tobacco used in most of the world (World Health Organization [WHO] 2006) and cause 443,000 deaths in the United States each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1986, 1988; National Cancer Institute [NCI] 1997; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2008). The primary short- and long-range strategies for reducing deaths associated with tobacco use are cessation and prevention, respectively, along with reduction of secondhand smoke exposure (Warner et al. 1998; USDHHS 2000; Stratton et al. 2001; WHO 2003a). Another concept that has been considered is changing the cigarette itself to make it less toxic. The concept of modifying conventional cigarettes to be potentially less harmful is not new. Beginning in the 1950s, the tobacco industry embarked on efforts to modify cigarettes in response to growing public awareness of the health hazards of tobacco use, primarily through reducing machine-measured tar and nicotine content (NCI 1996). However, evidence now demonstrates that these modifications did not reduce the risk of cigarette smoking and in addition may have undermined efforts to prevent tobacco use and promote cessation (NCI 2001). In recent years, a range of new products have been introduced and marketed to smokers as an alternative to conventional cigarettes, sometimes accompanied by messages, explicit or implied, that they offer reduced exposure to toxic substances or risk of disease (Pederson and Nelson...
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...Cigarette Smoking Elsie Mar HCS/457 February 16, 2015 Lindsay Cogan Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking has been documented as the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the United States. Smoking kills nearly 500,000 people each year, thus leaving many individuals with severe health problems, ultimately resulting in serious illnesses. While tobacco use remains an issue; public policies and education have been implemented to help discourage the use of smoking in our society. It was not until the 1960’s when the Surgeon General of the United States reported that cigarette smoking was a health hazard ("History And Economics Of Tobacco", n.d.). However, in the 1980’s is when the local, federal, and state governments and businesses started taking action to prevent people from smoking in public places. In the past, people were able to smoke in stores, offices, and restaurants, thus not realizing its health dangers, especially exposing second-hand smoke to others. Today, smoke-free laws have been enacted at the state and local level to protect the health of the public in and around businesses, increase pricing and taxes, and by making it less accessible for youths to purchase tobacco products ("History And Economics Of Tobacco", n.d.). For example, people cannot smoke within 20 feet of a business establishment and indoors to fully protect non-smokers against the involuntary exposure to second hand smoke. In addition, by raising the prices on tobacco products...
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...Cigarette tax measure may have unintended consequences | | | | Matt Evans On the surface, this November's Ballot Measure 44 is simplicity itself. The measure will increase taxes on cigarettes by 30 cents per pack, as well as on other tobacco products, and the revenue raised will be dedicated to the Oregon Health Plan and tobacco use reduction programs. What could be more straightforward? However, the measure raises a host of interesting issues that voters should weigh prior to casting their votes. Most important, of course, is the core of the measure, its purpose: to raise money for the Oregon Health Plan, ostensibly to offset costs the plan incurs from smoking-related illnesses. State revenue estimators understand that anytime you raise the tax on something, you will get less of it. This is certainly true in the case of Ballot Measure 44 and its effect on cigarette smoking. In fact, the State Legislative Revenue Office estimates that cigarette use will decline about 4.5 percent due to the increased taxation. In a series of four steps over the past 17 years, Oregon has raised the tax on cigarettes from 9 cents per pack to the current 38 cents. Each of these tax increases represented a smaller amount per pack than Measure 44's 30 cents. In every instance, tobacco use has fallen by more than the current projection of 4.5 percent. In fact, tobacco use fell an average of almost 9 percent--twice the state's estimate--after those four cigarette tax increases. The...
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...Macroeconomics Professor Kirk Hendricks 14 December 2010 Cigarette Taxes: A Fading Epidemic in a Changing World "An injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." -Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Introduction As a grandchild of sharecroppers, biblical values and ethics were instilled in us at an early age. Reflecting on my roots, it was evident that piety included health awareness as well as no alcohol or smoking. Despite these humble beginnings, the war for our nation's health is at a crossroads. Years ago, when my grandparents were young, smoking was not only allowed, it was both a social and cultural norm. Unfortunately, those people who survived are suffering from lung cancer and some haven't lived to tell the tale. Ironically, today as our world becomes more health conscious, we are dropping these "cancer" sticks, opting for a better way of life. As a result, all fifty state governments have enacted taxes on cigarettes. These cigarette taxes help to reduce citizens from smoking as well as convince to stop participating in such a deadly habit. Cigarette taxes also help increase government revenue and will bring more revenue for social programs. Unintended Consequences To begin with, cigarette taxes are imposed to ensure the health of its citizens. According to the Portland Business Journal[1], an interesting situation happened in Oregon. In 1996, Ballet Measure 44 was cast in an effort to increase cigarette taxes by 30 cents per pack. Interestingly, this measure...
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...Smokes Cigarette Company Consumer Behavior Outline MKT 2 Exotic Smokes Cigarette Company Consumer Behavior I. Introduction A. TRIAAD Research Group is working with Exotic Smokes Cigarette Company to conduct an in-depth study of customer behavior to analyze the market for their new flavored cigarettes, using fruit and candy flavors. Flavors: Tropical, Strawberry, Apple, Vanilla, Grape, and Watermelon B. The competition includes RJ Reynolds, Camel, Kool’s Smooth Fusions, and Salem’s Silver Label. C. Current perceptions of flavored cigarettes: the youth is attracted to candy flavors and are more prone to purchasing cigarettes due to flavor. It is also said that it contributes to youth becoming regular smokers. Young smokers believe that flavored cigarettes are less harmful than non-flavored cigarettes. They are just as addictive and have the same harmful effects as regular cigarettes. II. Project Definition A. Advertising budget: $25 million B. Marketing Strategies: 1. Magazine Advertisements 2. Billboards along the side of the roads 3. Posters in Subways 4. Advertisements on the side of buses 5. Direct Mail Promotions 6. Bar and Club Events: offering free samples at events C. Product and Brand Identity 1. Package Design: the company will present their products with unique and graphically appealing packages that will create a visual impact. “The distinctive look of the cigarette pack...
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...Abstract Cigarette and Tobacco taxation has been a hot topic for years. Typically, the taxing of this product is accepted as there are health concerns associated with the consumption of tobacco products. The concept of raising cigarette taxes aligns with goals of increasing revenue for local, state and federal governments, and also works to increase the overall public health of the country. Although the taxation is widely accepted, there are concerns associated with who the taxation effects primarily, how funds are being utilized and issues with meeting budget goals with the earned revenue. This paper addresses each of these topics in an effort to identify the effectiveness of cigarette and tobacco taxation. Introduction The concern associated with the health risks of tobacco use and cigarettes began as early as the 1930’s. The ill effects of tobacco were studied by epidemiologists in long term case studies to assess the increase of lung cancer mortality to smoking. The findings were considered merely casual by Surgeon General Leroy Burney in 1957. As a few years passed, the concern between the relationship of smoking and health grew. This led to The American Cancer Society, The American Heart Association , The National Tuberculosis Association and the American Public Health Association collaborating together to address a letter to President Kennedy. In this letter they asked for a call to action on the issue of cigarette smoking. The Kennedy Administration...
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...Effect of Cigarette Smoking Eric Kiruja Dr Ondieki 4th October, 2015 Tobacco smoking remains a global concern, as the tobacco industry continues to penetrate even into the developing and least developed nations. This practice has been associated with a myriad of problems and, as a result, its use should be me minimized if not outlawed. The following effects present the grim effects of cigarette smoking through which people can gain useful insights as to why they should not adopt this behavior. These effects can be classified into: Social effects While, for some people, cigarette smoking can be viewed as a way of socializing and connecting with others, it has its drawbacks. First, it leads to the users being subjected to isolation and social stigma. As the rate of which the number of people who have taken up this habit increases so is the number of individuals who are intolerant to smoking. As a result, the users tend to feel as if they are being despised and are socially unaccepted. In addition, more and more countries have placed restrictions on smoking in public areas. These restrictions serve to limit the freedom of the smoker in that he/she is always preoccupied with worrying about whether the area they intend to go will allow smoking. Also, smokers may find themselves having their prospects for any form of romantic engagement or dating reduced significantly to other smokers who only constitute less than 21% of the average adult...
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...Sweitzer Composition ll Dr. Alex Morris Proposal Essay Cigarette Smoke It is obvious to all of us that tobacco is extremely harmful. Growing up in the culture that we do, the dangerous effects of tobacco are commonly known. Even with all of these warning signs, tobacco use is still extremely common around the world. Leah Diplacido a Ph.D. with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) reports that “438,000 deaths are attributed to cigarette smoking each year: an additional 38,000 deaths are caused by second hand smoke” (DiPlacido 1). This stat makes tobacco the number one preventable cause of death in the United States. Throughout my paper I am going to examine the effects tobacco has on the individual, the effects of second hand smoke, and discuss how quitting may be difficult. Following my examination of tobaccos dangers I will explain a solution that will help limit tobacco users as well give aid for those who are trying to quit the use of tobacco. We all know that tobacco smoke contains chemicals but do we know what these chemicals are and what they can do? The one chemical that people are familiar with is Nicotine. Nicotine is an extremely addictive ingredient of cigarettes. Nicotine plays the part of getting users “hooked”. Although nicotine is a dangerous chemical used in cigarettes there are a number of other chemicals to watch out for. The American Lung Association concluded, “Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause...
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...CHAPTER III Related Literature Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have earned considerable attention recently as an alternative to smoking tobacco, other group of researchers have become fascinated about the impact on the health of users, effects, and usefulness of it compared to the natural cigarette which has surfaced proposals on whether it is better than conventional cigarettes. At the beginning of the research of Murray Laugesen about whether Electronic cigarettes, he said “Electronic cigarettes, without tobacco, flame or smoke, claim to be cigarette substitutes and to deliver nicotine safely”. In his paper he questioned whether these claims were true, and this is also the groups aim. Many people have pondered on this topic and our group is just one of the many who are pushing to improve the study. As high school students, we are becoming aware of these matters and just like Murray Laugesen who was curious on whether the claims of Electronic Cigarettes are true. The study from the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health tested the hypothesis on 384 heavy smokers who have frequently tried to quit and tested whether male or females would prefer when they most likely would like to smoke and how it hindered them from stopping their habitual act of smoking. Results show that people who have become dependent on smoking especially when the subject is in a bad mood. They say that a bad mood...
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...The Electronic Cigarette, a healthy alternative Tacita Elliott English composition II National American University Abstract The Electronic Cigarette has become a popular in the recent years as a healthy alternative to the tobacco smoker. The newer vapor style electronic cigarettes allow the normal tobacco smoker to have a healthier alternative to smoking cigarettes when trying to acquire their nicotine. Being the newer product out on the market in the refined versions of vapor liquid you can find today, there are many health questions that linger in people’s mind, some of which include but are not limited to, what do the doctors say? Is this FDA approved? How does this compare to the tobacco that is in an everyday cigarette? Is this lifestyle choice a change that I want to do? In this paper you can read several answers to these questions and having that knowledge you can go forward to understand more about how the electronic cigarette can affect you in positive and negative ways. There is a new discovery that is sweeping the nation in the recent years; the healthy substitute for cigarettes, the electronic cigarette. The electronic cigarette or the “e-cigarette” is becoming more and more known throughout the smoker community as a healthier substitute for one who is addicted to nicotine. The electronic cigarette takes out the harmful tar and other harmful aspects of tobacco and delivers the nicotine though a vapor to the smoker. Though smoking in general is bad for your...
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...about the health dangers of tobacco smoking and traditional cigarettes. Billions of people developed a tobacco or cigarette addiction, and e-cigarettes quickly became a popular alternative to conventional nicotine. With the growing popularity of e-cigarettes, medical practitioners and the public raise new questions about their safety. Questions regarding the safety of e-cigarettes and their potential to become an alternative to traditional cigarettes continue to circulate. Medical practitioners raise their eyebrows as they witness the growing number of e-cigarette smokers. Many of them are teenagers or young people in their 20s. Despite their convenience and popularity, it is too early to say that e-cigarettes can replace traditional cigarettes and become a safer alternative to tobacco smoking because e-liquids contain nicotine and other dangerous chemicals that may have adverse impacts on smokers’ health....
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...Electronic Cigarettes I. INTRODUCTION (4 min). NOTE: Show slide 1. A. Opening Statement: How many people here smoke or use tobacco products? You really can’t take out a cigarette and smoke anywhere anymore. You can’t smoke in the bar anymore, and that was once a sacred ritual. You can’t go to your favorite coffee shop and enjoy a couple of cigarettes with your favorite brew. And when you are working and you want to have a smoke, you will have to go outside and smoke a cigarette, no matter the weather. It really has become a pain to be a smoker. Also, let’s not forget that it has become so expensive to smoke as well, with the price of cigarettes increasing every year it seems. Did you know there is a healthier alterative to smoking? And the fact of the matter is that this is not a new thing at all. It’s been around for a lot longer than you would think. Electronic Cigarettes are not only affordable but a lot healthier for you. But you can use them anywhere; there is no law that states you cannot use them in public places. Today I will discuss with you the history of the Electronic Cigarettes. After today’s class I’ll come back for a question and answer session about the topics we are about to discuss. B. Objectives. NOTE: Show slides 2-4. 1. Terminal Learning Objective: Brief the history of the Electronic Cigarette IAW www.modernvapor.com, www.howstuffworks.com, www.electroniccigarettesbase.com, and American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2....
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...Electronic Cigarettes; The New, Legal Way to Pollute the Body Over the last 10 years, a new craze has taken effect over the world. Electronic cigarettes or E-Cigs, have become popular among all generations. The question for the reader is simple. Is this alternative form of nicotine dependence healthy, or is society setting itself up for a big health shock in the upcoming years? “Many anti-smoking advocates have argued that electronic cigarettes don’t help smokers quit but merely prolong their addiction to nicotine. In other words, the hundreds of thousands of electronic cigarette users in the United States are smokers who, if only they stopped using e-cigarettes, would successfully quit smoking” (Siegel, 2013). Although the issue of E-Cigs is not a burning issue at this moment, imagine what happens in five to ten years if users of E-Cigs are told that the activity they have been participating in is causing many of the ailments that could arise due to the use of E-Cigs in their infancy. The makers of E-Cigs will be sued, the Federal Government will impose fines, and the cool factor will take a big hit. It is almost insulting to societies intelligence to use the description “cool factor.” Moreover, if the reader is fortunate enough to remember the time when regular cigarettes were sold by actors and cartoon characters among other notable figures, then “cool factor” description definitely makes sense. This is a statement from...
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...English in Society and Business I March 11, 2011 Cigarette Advertising in America Since 1971, the cigarette industry has not been allowed to advertise on the radio or T.V. Nevertheless, this ban on advertisement has not worked so well. This is because advertisements are not the main reason people take up smoking. Another reason is that the cigarette industry has gotten around the ban by using forms of hidden advertising and corporate sponsorship. The cigarette industry also relies on the printing media to advertise its product. Smoking has become influential to both teens and adults due to many different forms of advertising. Up until 1971, cigarettes had been advertised like all other products, but health concerns led to a government-imposed ban on broadcast advertising. In April of 1970, congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, which banned the advertisement of cigarettes on radio and T.V. It also required a stronger health warning on cigarette packages, saying “Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined that Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health”. [1]This government-imposed ban was executed on January 2, 1971. [1] Although this Act did not stop Smokeless tobacco ads, a second ban took effect on august 28, 1986 banning all smokeless tobacco ads. [2] In 1984 the Comprehensive Smoking Act was implemented by the congress. This act was put in place by the federal trade commission to control the size, wording and application of warning requirements...
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