...All invertebrates will have different circulatory systems, but they will have one of the main three. Therefore they should have either a closed/open circulatory system, use diffusion, or have the water vascular system. In a more primitive creature such as the starfish, they use the water vascular system. Because of this, their circulatory system is very basic, it flows water into them through their madreporite, then out through their tube feet. Thus, this aids them in movement, but they move very slowly since the water is flowing in and out of their body. Another primitive animal such as the flatworm will require diffusion as their circulatory system. They will diffuse their waste and unnecessary nutrients out through their skin and into the...
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...The Circulatory System The circulatory system transports materials throughout an animal’s body in a fluid called blood. In mammals, as in other vertebrates, blood is confined to a closed system of vessels and is distinct from the liquid (interstitial fluid) that surrounds the cells of the surrounding tissue. Blood is pumped away from the heart and courses through vessels of decreasing diameter that branch into the organs and tissues of the body: these vessels are arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, respectively. At the level of the capillaries, the walls of the vessels are very thin and porous. At the capillary bed, materials carried by the blood are either actively transported across the endothelium or simply diffuse into the interstitial fluid along a concentration gradient. Materials from the interstitial fluid can flow into the capillaries for transport away from the tissues. As blood leaves the capillaries, it travels through vessels of increasing diameter, venules and veins that join one another to complete the circuit back to the heart. Regardless of the materials conveyed in the blood, vessels are characterized by the direction in which they carry material, arteries and arterioles away from the heart and toward the capillaries; veins and venules away from the capillaries and toward the heart. Unlike many vertebrates, birds and mammals possess a four-chambered heart. The evolution of a four-chambered heart is thought to be an adaptation brought about by the high...
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...The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and metabolic wastes. It also helps to regulate the temperature of the body and is part of the defensive system. The Heart - The Human heart has 4 chambers, left and right atrium and left and right ventricle. - The left side of the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the body while the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs - Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs. - Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body cells. - Valves prevent backflow of blood – prevent blood going wrong way - The heart pumps about 70 times per minute or 100,000 times per day - Contraction of heart is caused by tiny electrical impulse. Blood Vessel Arteries - Structures that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries - Very narrow tubes where the exchange of product occur Vein - Take blood back to the heart + Arteries have thick elastic muscular, outside they have a layer of connective tissue. + Capillaries are the smallest of all the blood vessels. + Some substances pass through gaps between the cells of the capillary walls + Capillaries have sphincter valves that can stop blood entering capillaries where the body does not need blood. Veins - Blood is pushed through veins by muscular contraction and gravity. Blood has 3 main functions 1. Transportation – blood transports 02 , CO2 , nutrients, hormones, heat and wastes. 2. Regulation – Blood helps to regulate pH, body temperature. 3. Protection - protects against...
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...For my third nine weeks project, I chose to do my research on a condition of the circulatory system called Atherosclerosis. The circulatory system is arguably the most important system in the body because it includes the heart and blood, which most people view as the symbol of life itself. If your heart beats, you are alive. I am most interested in the circulatory system, because it’s fascinating and also very relatable for me as my mom and dad both struggle with different circulatory issues. For me it’s interesting because I am able to learn and understand their conditions better due to informative teaching. Before I explain the disease, I should first explain how and what the circulatory system does in the human body when healthy. The circulatory system,...
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...Marieb, E. (2008). Fundamentals of human anatomy and physiology, 8th ed. The Circulatory System is the main transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little UPS trucks carrying all sorts of packages that are needed by all the cells in the body. Instead of UPS, I'll call them RBC's. RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to remain alive. Besides RBC's, there are also White Blood Cells moving in the circulatory system traffic. White Blood Cells are the paramedics, police and street cleaners of the circulatory system. Anytime we have a cold, a cut, or an infection the WBC's go to work. The highway system of the Circulatory System consist a lot of one way streets. The superhighways of the circulatory system are the veins and arteries. Veins are used to carry blood to the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Most of the time, blood in the veins is blood where most of the oxygen and nutrients have already been delivered to the cells. This blood is called deoxygenated and is very dark red. Most of the time blood in the arteries is loaded with oxygen and nutrients and the color is very bright red. There is one artery that carries deoxygenated blood and there are some veins that carry oxygenated blood. To get to the bottom of this little mystery we need to talk about the Heart and Lungs. The heart is a two sided, four-chambered pump. It is made up mostly of muscle. Heart...
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...Balloon catheter based circulatory measurement system Introduction In hospitals, doctors use many devices to help them cure their patients from various health problems. These are called Medical Devices. Medical devices help doctors do many things, ranging from diagnostics, therapy, to life support. Medical devices that are used to diagnose a patient are very important as they can help the doctor to understand and thus cure the patient’s problem. Medical devices that help with diagnostics can be as simple as a thermometer or can be as complex as an ultrasound scan. This report will be about a class III medical device, the pulmonary artery catheter. See Figure 1. Figure 1: A Swan-Ganz catheter Brief History The pulmonary artery catheter, also...
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...22-Sep-12 Circulatory system of mammals • • Blood flows through the heart as a result of pressure differences Blood moves via mass flow which is movement of material from high to low pressure Explain the cardiac cycle and its initiation Discuss the internal factors that control heart action Refers to the sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart chamber during one heartbeat Systole: heart muscle is contracted Diastole: heart muscle is relaxed Cardiac output is the amount of blood flowing from the heart.= Stroke volume (Volume of blood) X Number of beats in a given time (Heart Rate) 1 22-Sep-12 1. Atrial and ventricular diastole 2. Atrial systole 3. Ventricular systole •It describes how blood flows from veins to atria Both atria and ventricles are relaxed •Atria pressure lower than in veins so blood moves into atrium, which is achieved when atria muscle relaxes and the volumes in the atria increases with a corresponding lowering of pressure •Pressure begins to rise in the atria which reduces volume •As blood enters the atria, there is a higher pressure in the atria as opposed to the ventricles •Blood will flow from the atria into the ventricles pushing open the atrioventricular valves •Blood flows from the atria into the ventricles •The atria muscles contract while ventricle muscles relax •Blood pushed from atria into ventricles , atrioventricular valves open and the semilunar valves remain shut 2 22-Sep-12 •Blood flows from the...
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...1. In your own words, provide a definition for “homeostatic regulator” and “homeostatic conformer”. Describe an example of an animal that is a regulator with regards to one physical condition but a conformer with regards to a different condition. -Homeostatic regulator is one in which it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face external fluctuation. (an otter regulates body temp independently of exterior cold water). -Homeostatic conformer is one in which the organism if it allows an external influence the internal conditions of the organism. (Bass fish conforms to the temp of the lake that it inhibits) 2. In your own words, provide a definition for poikioltherm, homeotherm, ectotherm and endotherm. Provide an example of an animal for each of the following combinations and explain why it fits these terms: - Poikioltherm: An animals whose body temp varies with the surrounding temperature -Homeotherm: An organism such as a bird or mammal, having a body temp that is constant and largely independent of the temperature surrounding. -Ectotherm- heat acquired from external environment -Endotherm- heat generated by metabolism Poikilotherm & ectotherm: Fish, amphibians, reptiles. Poikilotherm & endotherm: Mammals and birds, insects Homeotherm & ectotherm: tropical reptiles Homeotherm & endotherm: Mostly birds and mammals 3. Describe the 4 mechanisms through which animals exchange heat with their environments. -Radiation: Release...
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...cardiovascular system can be broken down into two words 'cardio' or 'cardi' meaning heart and 'vascular' meaning blood vessels Roberts, (2010). The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system Roberts, (2010). The whole meaning cardiovascular system can be explained as a system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, arteries and veins which carry blood around the body and takes oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and removes wastes products from the tissue cells Roberts, (2010) that make up the body’s other ten systems. These consist of Integumentary (skin, nails and hair), skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine (hormones), lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive The cardiovascular system depends on all the systems above functionally normally as it is the body's key transport system Peters, (2004) The Respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and thoracic cage, it also consists of the nose, the pharynx, trachea and our lungs Peters, (2004) where in addition to the maintaining exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues, the respiratory system helps regulate the body’s acid base balance Peters, (2004). Every cell in the body needs oxygen to help release energy into the body Sang, (2005) and needs to get rid of waste product such as carbon dioxide to function; the respiratory System allows this to happen by breathing air into the lungs allowing the cardiovascular System to transport...
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...Energy keeps all living organisms alive, as they need a continual supply of energy to function in order to survive. Some of these processes are continuous such as, metabolism, which is the chemical reactions which occur in the body, these occur by using or releasing energy from chemical substances. Another continuous process which use energy is the transporting of molecules in order for them to break down, and to build new ones. The breakdown of large molecules into their simpler forms to release energy is known as catabolism, for example, when glucose is used in a cell to release energy. And the opposite reaction, is called anabolism. This is when energy is used to build complex structures from simple cells, for example, tissue growth and repair. Catabolism and anabolism, are the chemical reactions which are known as metabolism. Whereas other processes such as, muscular contraction and movement only happen at certain times. The role of energy is essential for muscular activity and movement, but also for the circulation of blood, lymph and tissue around the body, for breathing and taking in oxygen, for making new cells for growth and repair. Energy is also used to transmit nerve impulses to which make the body respond to changes in the environment, and to help build complex molecules such as enzymes, and hormones. Energy can’t be created or destroyed; although it can be transferred from one form to another. There are two laws of energy: the conservation of energy and the transformation...
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...It all began in the heart, through systemic circulation. This meant the blood in the heart had been oxygenated, ready to be delivered. To embark on its journey to the rest of the body, but as well to pick up carbon dioxide and waist. This is the circulatory system center, and one of the most impor system. For it keep all part function, like the brain, who conor other all other part. Sending signal, that may send hormones when problems arise increases the heart rate or decrease it. Out from the many red blood cells, one single drop awoke confused and lonely. Her name was Ponyo, and she flowed with the contraction of open mitral valve to the left ventricle, being pushed to the aorta. Traveling still alone and confused, down with the current of the aorta. She bumped into another red...
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...What part of the digestive system would you see in a cross-section anterior to the gizzard? The earthworm digestive system is divided up into four sections: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion. Each section has a specific function that helps the earthworm survive. The ingestion is for sucking food as they make their way through the dirt. The digestion breaks down the food into smaller pieces that will be absorbed into the circulatory system. The absorption happens after the food is broken down and the nutrients enter into the circulatory system, it is then distributed into individual cells. Last is the excretion, which is when the earthworm gets rid of waste. The mouth, pharynx, and crop are located right before the gizzard, so these organs would be at the cross-section anterior. The mouth is where the food enters the body, the pharynx sucks the food into the mouth and the crop temporarily stores food. This would be part of the ingestion and digestion process. What structure in the earthworm has a similar function as the human heart? Explain your answer. There are three main vessels that supply the blood to organs within the earthworm. These vessels are the aortic arches, dorsal blood vessels, and ventral blood vessels. The aortic arches function like a human heart. There are five pairs of aortic arches, which have the responsibility of pumping blood into the dorsal and ventral blood vessels. The dorsal blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the...
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...After researching this, I found out that most of it could have been prevent if she did not smoke. The chemicals used to produce them have been researched and are the cause for many of the disease and the effects it has on your body. Some people think smoking will keep them from gaining weight or that it keeps them calm but after researching this I think I could find a better way. Research has found that there are over 4,000 chemicals found in cigarettes which are harmful to the human body. The effects range from circulatory issues to immune issues. The research will validate the effects, of the type of chemicals used in the production of cigarettes and the effect that it has on the human body. The articles that I read validated that the chemicals use do cause harm to the body. Smoking is the gamble we take of getting illnesses, such as cancer or heart disease Smoking affects the circulatory system, heart, and other organs. Cigarettes harms your circulatory system by raising your blood pressure, less oxygen carried by the blood and damages the lining of the arteries ,to name a few . The chemical in which causes this effect is nicotine as well as other chemicals, it causes the blood vessels to become smaller and weaken, which is known as atherosclerosis. When this happens it causes the heart to work harder to move the blood throughout the body which causes your blood pressure to rise. Once you have a rise in blood pressure you are at risk for a Heart attack. Another chemical...
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...What is the job of the Circulatory System? The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells. Parts of the Circulatory System The circulatory System is divided into three major parts: 1. The Heart 2. The Blood 3. The Blood Vessels The Heart The Heart is an amazing organ. The heart beats about 3 BILLION times during an average lifetime. It is a muscle about the size of your fist. The heart is located in the center of your chest slightly to the left. It's job is to pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body. It is your job to keep your heart healthy and there are three main things you need to remember in order to keep your heart healthy. 1. Exercise on a regular basis. Get outside and play. Keep that body moving (walk, jog, run, bike, skate, jump, swim). 2. Eat Healthy. Remember the Food Pyramid and make sure your eating your food from the bottom to top. 3. Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! The Blood The blood is an amazing substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies. • Your blood is pumped by your heart. • Your blood travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels right within your own body. • Your blood...
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...The Cardiovascular System - car-di-o-vas-cu-lar sys-tem also called the circulatory system. This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that travels through the blood vessels to all parts of the body, including nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide. The heart works as a pump and it works really hard within the body, it is said to be the hardest working organ in the body, the heart is about the size of a fist and pump over five liters of blood throughout the body every minute that seems like a lot doesn't it, think about a one liter soda well five of those equal five liters, but remember the body just recycle the blood over and over, the heat pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to...
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