Anthropology as a study has always been more concentrated on study of small & isolated civilizations rather than complex ones in cities. However, cities are where the action is.
Therefore, new subfield of anthropology emerged, urban anthropology, emphasizing issues of the cities in undeveloped and industrialized countries. This might be due to the reason that anthropology aspires to study universals and wider perspective of human condition. And also cities represent a ‘gateway; to fieldwork which mainly takes place in towns, peasants villages, rural areas etc. Gateway, not just in a physical sense of airports, train & bus stations, but also in sense of communication, expertise (universities, academics etc.), government etc. Although, to interpret issues of cities, the slums, & shanty towns can be done only in terms of forces which lead people to migrate from the countryside. 1. There are a lot of questions studied by both anthropologists and sociologists related to comparative studies of cities and understanding human ways. These phenomena are those of comparison of urban experience in underdeveloped countries. For instance, issues like kinship ties and stresses of urban life and its effects of crowding on aggression and frustration.

Thus Anderson argues, on this topic, that due to cultural ways of dealing with crowding the pathological effects on urban Chinese living in Hong Kong are minimized.

More importantly, Gideon Sjoberg, created so-called idealized model of the preindustrial cities, in other words, cities of antiquity. One can say that ancient’s city was of government and religion, house of elites and only secondarily center of commerce. In fact, low and outcaste classes were responsible for commerce while, elderly men of hereditary elite held political and religious power. However, Southall pointed out such a concept may hide many of