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Civics

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Submitted By nthomsen
Words 657
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Geography:
Location: Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Natural resources: coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land

Demographics:
Population: 58,126,212 (July 2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 80.2 years male: 77.26 years female: 83.33 years (2009 est.)
Religions: Roman Catholic 90% (approximately; about one-third practicing), other 10% (includes mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community)
Languages: Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Government:
Government type: republic
Constitution: passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948
Legal system: based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797
Economy:
Economy - overview: Italy has a diversified industrial economy, which is divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, welfare-dependent, agricultural south, with high unemployment. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 15% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. Italy has moved slowly on implementing needed structural reforms, such as lightening the high tax burden and overhauling Italy's rigid labor market and over-generous pension system and these conditions will be exacerbated by the recent global financial crisis. The Italian government is seeking to rein in government spending, but the leadership faces a severe economic constraint: Italy's official debt remains above 100% of GDP, and the fiscal deficit - 1.5% of GDP in 2007 - could approach 3% in 2009 as political pressure to stimulate the economy and the costs of servicing Italy's debt rise. The economy will continue to co
Budget: revenues: $1.068 trillion expenditures: $1.132 trillion (2008 est.)ntract through 2009 as the global demand for exports drop.
Exports: $546.9 billion (2008 est.)
$502.4 billion (2007 est.)
Imports: $546.9 billion (2008 est.)
$498.1 billion (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate: 6.8% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.)
Transportation:

Railways: total: 19,729 km standard gauge: 18,317 km 1.435-m gauge (12,458 km electrified) narrow gauge: 123 km 1.000-m gauge (123 km electrified); 1,058 km 0.950-m gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 0.850-m gauge (2008)
Roadways: total: 487,700 km paved: 487,700 km (includes 6,700 km of expressways) (2005)
Waterways: 2,400 km note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail (2008)
Rank: 38
Airports: 132 (2008)
Military branches: Italian Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Italian Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI), Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI), Carabinieri Corps (Arma dei Carabinieri, CC) (2009)
Military service age and obligation: 18-27 year of age for voluntary military service
Military expenditures: 1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
Disputes - international: Italy's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from southeastern Europe and northern Africa
Illicit drugs: important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

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