...Final Research Paper The Civil Rights Era, which took place during the years of 1955 till 1968, was indeed the movement that gave African Americans the push to achieve their first major accomplishments of the decade. The Civil Rights Movements goals were to break down the walls of legal segregation in public places, achieve equality and justice for African Americans, and to help make African Americans become more self-conscious when standing for all their interest. This movement not only benefited men, but it also benefited women. African American women played a large role in the history of the civil rights era. According to Lee Sartain, “Female activists were integral to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and often in the front lines of the civil rights struggle. Commentators on the period, however, have generally ignored the role of these activists mainly, because women were not prominent in media reporting on the early struggles for civil rights (Sartain).”Even as of today most NAACP members and most local branch presidents are women. Vivian Malone Jones defied segregationist Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace to enroll in the University of Alabama in 1963 and later worked in the civil rights division of the U.S. Justice Department. The African American women of the Civil Rights Era were often overlooked, because of the race and their gender. Not only was racism an issue, but also sexism. No one took a woman serious during those times; they...
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...“A New History of the Civil Rights Movement:” The Unjust Treatment of African Americans Vincent Signorile U.S. History II Professor Parkin 6 April 2017 The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most important movements in the history of the United States. In Danielle McGuire’s At the Dark End of the Street, she makes a case for what she terms “A New History of the Civil Rights Movement.” McGuire uses great elements when describing her study, some of which are disheartening and tragic. These include topics of interracial sexuality, violence, rape, and segregation. The vital topics mentioned demonstrate the strenuous challenges that African Americans had to endure over the years, and even during the Civil...
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...Women’s Equality and Ethical Contributions Women’s equality has been less than equal in past years. In the last two centuries we have witnessed many victories for the equality of women, such as the right to vote and employment. Although there have been many accomplishments, there are still many situations in our western civilization in which women are not treated as equals to the male counterpart. I will explore several topics which still effect women and their ethical implements within several ethical theories. Women’s Voting Rights Women’s rights have been fought over for nearly two centuries. In 1848 the first meeting for women’s voting rights was conducted in Seneca, NY “calling for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women” (Imbornoni, 2007).This historic event initiated the long struggle of women battling to become an equal partner to men. Eventually women won the right to vote. Applying the ethical theory of Utilitarianism, one could argue that prohibiting a person’s right to vote would cause a prejudice government that is not representing the views of all people in which the laws effect. Allowing women to vote would open up new perspectives and opportunities to balance women and men’s rights. Since Utilitarianism focus’ on the “greater good for the greatest number of people” (Mosser, 2013), allowing women the vote would benefit society and create a “greater good” for the whole. A Utilitarianism of that era could counter argue that...
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...change in policy. Interest groups have an interesting time line; I will lead you on the journey. During the first, preindustrial phase from the 1830s to 1870s, charitable organizations assisting the poor represented the dominant form of association. Membership in these organization consisted mostly of middle class citizens. Crossing class line, the second phase is attributed to the economic group such as trade unions and employer’s union in between the 1860’s and the early 1900’s. The third phase constitutes was between 1920 and lasted through the late 1950s and was noted as professional associations and promotional groups. Finally the present phase is where we are today which promotes postindustrial values, environmental issues, and civil rights. (http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA98/pollklas/thesis/history.html) Interest groups and political parties are closely related and often...
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...James Franklin Sistrunk was a world renowned African American doctor who influenced Florida’s history in a big way. He stands today as the forbearer of Black medicine and the foot soldier in the battle for racial equality during the early days of the civil rights movement. James Sistrunk was born in Midway, Florida near Tallahassee in 1891, the only son of Mr. and Mrs. Berry Sistrunk. According to ‘Doc’ Sistrunk 1891-1966, “He graduated from Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee in 1919. He later served in World War I, in the Army, before relocating to Dunnellon, Florida to practice medicine.” In this time period, African Americans were segregated from whites and were considered inferior to them. In their everyday lives they were...
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...Business Ethics: A Discourse on Rights: Moral, Legal, and Human Myriad optimistic forecasts, of what comprises the core of business ethics, have permeated numerous discussions on management and commerce practices in the marketplace today. Global economics and trading across borders nearly demands it. In fact, ‘ethics’ in business has come to represent one of the key buzzwords of our decade, along with ‘sustainability’ and the ideological concept of global warming – seemingly shoved down the throats of people. But what is business ethics anyway, and why does it matter? The discourse herein hopefully highlights a cogent and logically based compilation of answers as required from the rubric of Assignments Four. While this paper is written in essay format, for the sake of clarity and precision for the reader, each section shall appropriately and clearly display the topical area or question being addressed. (1) – Define a right, a legal right, a moral right, and a human right explaining how they are related. The philosophical idea of what constitutes a ‘right’ is an age-old concept that many men of God and theorists have confronted from ancient times. One things seems clear. A ‘right’ cannot be discussed without dividing the premise from a ‘privilege.’ According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a right is simply defined as “being in accordance with what is just, good, or proper” as in conduct (“Right,” 2015). Judge Napolitano defined a right as “a gift from God that extends...
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...Paper The Civil Rights Era, which took place during the years of 1955 till 1968, was indeed the movement that gave African Americans the push to achieve their first major accomplishments of the decade. The Civil Rights Movements goals were to break down the walls of legal segregation in public places, achieve equality and justice for African Americans, and to help make African Americans become more self-conscious when standing for all their interest. This movement not only benefited men, but it also benefited women. African American women played a large role in the history of the civil rights era. According to Lee Sartain, “Female activists were integral to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and often in the front lines of the civil rights struggle. Commentators on the period, however, have generally ignored the role of these activists mainly, because women were not prominent in media reporting on the early struggles for civil rights (Sartain).”Even as of today most NAACP members and most local branch presidents are women. Vivian Malone Jones defied segregationist Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace to enroll in the University of Alabama in 1963 and later worked in the civil rights division of the U.S. Justice Department. The African American women of the Civil Rights Era were often overlooked, because of the race and their gender. Not only was racism an issue, but also sexism. No one took a woman serious during those times; they barely took men...
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... What comes to mind when you hear the word leader? Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, John F. Kennedy? According to Webster’s Dictionary, a leader is one who leads. As a leader, you can put ethical values into action and set the example you want followers to live by. You can resist pressures to act unethically just to avoid criticism or achieve short term gains. (Daft, page 167). Leadership is not merely a set of practice with no association with right or wrong. All leadership practice can be used for good or evil and thus have a moral dimension. Leaders choose whether to act form selfishness and greed to diminish others or to behave in ways that serve others and motivate people to expand their potential and as a human being. Moral leadership is about distinguishing right from wrong and doing right, seeking the just, the honest, the good and the right conduct to achieve goals and fulfilling purpose There are a select few individuals who have come variously to be called great or brilliant because they and their accomplishments have forever changed society and the world. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was on those individual. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929 - April 4, 1968) would have been 83 on Jan. 15, 2012. Unfortunately his birthday has been turned into a three-day weekend by being recognized as a federal holiday observed on the third Monday of January each year. More than two decade since his death, Martin Luther King ideas, his call for racial equality, his...
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...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
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...applied as correctly it was intended to, reasonable and just. Every law has its purpose, and there are many laws for every situation. This also applies to business. There are many laws addressed for the business environment and for every situation in it. The purpose of this laws in business, are intended to ensure that all business related issues and situations are running properly, without affecting their businesses and customers, and/or any consequences in between. In the case of companies, laws are addressed for them to comply correctly and properly with the function and purpose of their business, employees and customers. There are also in the business environment, the labor area, laws that are intended to protect the employees and their right as workers. And there are also many laws addressed to protect and ensure the best interest for the customers. But in business and more importantly addressed to companies, there are laws that prevents them to dominated markets too aggressively and/or completely, or controlling it at all. These laws are mostly as monopoly’s laws, which are addressed directly to prevent any monopoly action or state from any company. These normally are intended for bigger or larger companies, that are seen to be growing in and aggressive way or that their action on the market are seen as an apparently monopoly action, for example, when a company buy, acquires or merge with another company, giving a significance growth and dominance over the market. These action...
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... There are times when employees must take time off such as for the birth of a newborn, care of a newborn, adoption of a child etc,. Under The Family Medical Leave Act the employer is required to give an employee their exact job or a similar job as they had prior to leave. The pay and benefits are also required to be the same. Age discrimination is when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of their age. The Age Discrimination Act prohibits discrimination against persons over the age of forty and restricts mandatory retirement requirements, except where age is a bona fide occupational qualification. (Mathis, 2008) This law prohibits discrimination in any facet of employment, such as hiring, firing and pay. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. (Mathis, 2008) The purpose of this act is to require employers to consider only job-related criteria when making employment...
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...T.V.E.E History 222 Short Paper John Moss Professor Gunshore History 222 African American History Since 1877 January 21, 2012 Topic: Women in the Civil Right Movement Women played a significance role in the Civil Rights Movement Viewpoint: Women played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement Evidence: “?[Women in the Civil Rights Movement] helps break the gender line that restricted women in civil rights history to background and backstage roles, and places them in front, behind, and in the middle of the Southern movement that re-made America. . . . It is an invaluable resource which helps set history straight.” —1 Four of the six women were born in nineteenth century but five of them died in this century: Wells-Barnett in 1931; Terrell in 1954; Bethune in 1955; Roosevelt in 1962; Baker in 1986; Parks is still alive. There are also some common threads that weave their way through each of these women’s lives. They all valued education, not just formal schooling but a love of learning making them truly life long learners. Each woman kept her mind open to new possibilities and each cared deeply about people 2 In 1963, for example, Betty Friedan, founder of the National Organization for Women, published The Feminine Mystique, which exposed the strict and confining gender roles instilled in U.S. society in the 1950s and 1960s -- and, arguably, today 3 Ida Wells-Barnett was one of two black women to sign the call for the formation of the National Association for...
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...from banishment from local parks, street, and alleys. They have even been fined and jailed under these various types of banishments ordinances. Have their constitutional rights been violated? City ordinances are being created to run the homeless individuals out of the city limits, and to move the problem to other cities or jurisdictions. The complaints are being forged by citizens, merchants, and law enforcement agencies that deal directly with the homeless. Cities like Palo Alto, and Seattle have passed sit-and-lie ordinances. In addition, they have also passed statutes prohibiting soliciting, panhandling, consumption of alcohol in public places. These statutes are directly intended for the homeless, and city officials continue to target the homeless. The homeless do not have the funds to pay for fines imposed by local courts; this type of practice only reconfirms those cities continually trying to make it difficult for the homeless. The ordinance opponents are from the civil rights groups, church groups, and the homeless that have continuingly oppose new ordnances for the sake of bettering city images and business sales. Since the sit-and-lie ordinances have been upheld in federal court in 1994, city councils around the country have passed similar controversial ordinances. The American Civil Liberties Union appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and lost on a 2 to 1 decision in 1996. Although, Judge Harry Pregerson feels that the ordinance was unconstitutional...
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...Based on some inquiries and research, I have found that Mr. Smith’s reasoning to support his claim against our company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and constructive discharge was directly related to our company’s implementation of the work schedule policy. Mr. Smith claims that the constructive discharge is a legal ground for him since this new policy made work intolerable and has directly impacted his decision to resign. He affirmed that he indeed has a case and that his legal right under the constructive discharge is justifiable and relevant. Mr. Smith argued that when he checked the calendar for the four days on and four days off, he found that he will be forced to work at least two of these holy days per month when his work schedule was Monday thru Friday previously. He also stated that the new work schedule also demands a 12 hour day impacts him and again, directly influenced his decision to quit. Mr. Smith alleges that his religious rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 were violated when he was forced to work on holy days and this is a religious observance that is protected under the Act. He feels that he has grounds by proving that this changed was motivated by greed on the company’s part and not by necessity. Mr. Smith felt confident that he can prove that there is no undue hardship that has effected this change by the employer, yet there will be undue hardship for the employees that value their religious...
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...MEMO To: CEO From: Date: Re: Constructive Discharge case Message: With respect to the case filed by a former employee against the company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, constructive discharge, I would like to draw your attention towards the legalities of constructive discharge. Constructive discharge occurs when employees resign because their employer's behavior has become so intolerable or heinous or made life so difficult that the employee has no choice but to resign (Constructive dismissal). Since the employee is required to work on his religious holiday so it can be considered as a case of constructive discharge. It is unlawful if an employer discriminates against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Here, the employee can raise issue based on discrimination based on religion. As a way to avoid constructive discharge case, we can introduce flexibility in the working days, the employees may be having certain reservations in working on a particular day, the same can be asked beforehand before finalizing the days for the employees. Also, flexibility in terms of shift can be provided to the employees. Secondly we need to sensitize the issue to the employees of our company that the decision has been taken to increase the productivity of the company and will help us...
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