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Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning

In: Psychology

Submitted By Tassie123
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There are different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are learning and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as conditioning. Conditioning emphasizes the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. Learning may occur in different ways.
Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously a neutral stimulus (Franzoi, 2010). However, reflexes must be manipulated. The term "unconditioned" simply means that the stimulus and the response are naturally connected and produces an emotional response already present before changes have been made (Franzoi, 2010). Operant conditioning is a learning method in which behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process. There are two types of reinforcements: positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements.
There are four components of classical conditioning. They are unconditional stimulus – stimulus that naturally elicit the target response (the meat powder in Pavlov’s experiment); conditioned stimulus – stimulus that comes to elicit the target response (the tone in Pavlov’s experiment); unconditioned response – occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned response – occurs in response to the conditional stimulus (Hall, 1998). The components of operant conditioning are reinforcement (positive and negative) – an event that strengthens or increase the behavior in a favorable or unfavorable events or outcome (Cherry, 2012). Another component of operant conditioning is punishment (positive and negative) – an adverse event of outcome

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