Premium Essay

Classical Conditions

In:

Submitted By mzchambers56
Words 398
Pages 2
Concept of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning was established and studied by Ivan Pavlov a Russian psychologist. According to Hockenbury & Hockenbury (2006), classical conditioning is the “basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the same response is elicited from the neutral stimulus.” (p. 192). Both Pavlov and additional researches discovered that “optimal time interval varies in different conditioning situations” (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2006, p. 194), but it is hardly beyond a couple of seconds. Research has slated that Pavlov spent at least three decades studying classical conditioning, and during these decades he found a lot of element that would and could change the power of the conditioned response. Classical conditioning is a quad-step learning process connecting reactions: First, Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - a stimulus that suggests an unconditional response with no former conditioning (requires no learning for reaction to take place). Secondly, Unconditional Response (UR) – an uneducated response\ reply to an unconditional stimulus that happens with no former conditioning. Third, Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a formerly neutral stimulus with the purpose of and in the course of conditioning, obtained the capability to suggest a conditioned response. Forth, is Conditioned Response (CR) – is a learned response to a conditioned stimulus that happens due to a previous conditioning (1998-2011). Classical conditioning was depicted by labels as an easy type of impulse learning, which holds no truth because classical conditioning learning is an impressionable and persuadable form of associative learning. The first essential feature that was regularly used in the conditioned stimulus was combined, which allowed the association to build strength. The second feature

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Classical Conditions

...Classical conditions The classical conditioning experiment conducted by Pavlov goes as follows: A dog is hooked to a mechanism that measures the amount that the dog salivates. A tone is sounded just before a dog is given meat powder. This occurs several times. Eventually, conditioning occurs in that the dog salivates just to the bell alone. Of course, the dog salivates instinctively in response to the food, but "learns" to salivate to the sound of the bell, much as you might find your mouth watering at the site, smell, or even memory of your favorite food. Pavlov used this relatively simple experiment as a model for describing much of the automatic/nonconscious learning that occurs in everyday life. In any case where you have “learned” to respond automatically to some sort of stimulus with fear, joy, excitement, or anticipation you have become classically conditioned. Cited: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. My classical condition started when I took my family to ride the incredible hulk roller coaster in universal studios, Orlando Florida amusement park. I had always wondered what it would be like to ride that roller coaster. You haven't truly lived until you've experienced The Incredible Hulk's wild and unique uphill launch. The effect is like being trapped inside an airplane that’s flying out of control. Quickly accelerating uphill defies logic, and feels both exhilarating and terrifying. It is not for the faint of heart, this...

Words: 958 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Conditional Practice Key

...between the two countries beforehand, today, so many children and the old (suffer) from hunger and cold. 5. I overate last night, so I couldn't sleep well. If I (eat) so much, I (have) a sweet sleep. 6. (Be) I in your shoes now, I (choose) to decline this offer. 7. But for Kevin's assistance, we (complete) our term paper in time. 8. No one can succeed anything unless s/he really (resolve) to do it. 9. If you (forget) to take the compass, we (be) lost now. Also: ( Had forgotten/ would be) 10. As long as your company (assure) our success in marketing, we (continue) doing business with you. 11. I wouldn't be so upset if you (invite) me to your birthday party last Wednesday. 12. You can use my dictionary on condition that you (promise) to bring it back tonight. 13. All this calamity (happen) if they (cut) most of the trees in that area. 14. I (take) some cash with me in case I exceeded my credit card limit. 15. Only if George apologizes to Mary, forgive him. Final del...

Words: 261 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Night Monther Mise En Scene

...12 ‘night, Mother, Interpretation of mise en scene Joseph Liardi HUMN428 - De Vry University April 14, 2012 Joe, your analysis is very thorough with good attention to detail, and your focus on the psychology at play adds depth and insight. Clearly, you put a lot of time and attention into your study of this play. Terrific job! 200 points 12 ‘night, Mother, Interpretation of mise en scene Joseph Liardi HUMN428 - De Vry University April 14, 2012 Joe, your analysis is very thorough with good attention to detail, and your focus on the psychology at play adds depth and insight. Clearly, you put a lot of time and attention into your study of this play. Terrific job! 200 points ‘night, Mother, Interpretation of mise en scene Marsha Norman was born in Kentucky in 1947. A child who was isolated from the world by her family’s religious norms found comfort in playing the piano, reading books and playing with her imaginary friend called Bettering. Isolation and loneliness of life is something that is familiar to this play wright and is found in her many works such as “The Secret Garden” and “Getting Out”. Marsha Norman’s imaginary friend Bettering can be seen as a metaphor that compares her own relationships with her family, particularly her mother, and the feelings of alienation she felt as a child and her desire to be in control and better her life. (Yes, fascinating name she chose for her imaginary friend! Children can be so wise) Her own childhood...

Words: 2864 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Plato: Illuminating the Human Condition

...Plato: Illuminating the Human Condition In “The Allegory of the Cave,” Plato starts his writing with, “and now, I said, let me show a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened…” (66). The definition of allegory is “the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence; also: an instance (as in a story or painting) of such expression” (Merriam-Webster). Plato’s works were written before the birth of Christ. Yet it is just as relevant today as it bears witness to the complexity of human life and sheds light on the human condition—certainly a timeless topic for exploration. Plato’s writing depicts how we, as human beings, view, understand, and experience life and the things around us in our own unique way, and how we all struggle to make the right choices for ourselves, as it’s often easier to take the path of least resistance. When we see the sun, do we all see the same sun or see the same color? When we dream, do we all experience the same dream and give it the same meaning? These thoughts and feelings require us to look at our existence in a metacognitive way. As the story begins, there are prisoners living in a cave, bound by chains, and surrounded by fire. They can only see what is right in front of them. There is an opening in the front of cave that allows the light in. The prisoners can choose to see the light outside and yearn to be out of the cave, although most of them believe it is easier...

Words: 1029 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

20th Century Genius Award

...The definition of Humanities is described as the study of people processing and documenting, the human experience. Since humans have had the ability, we have utilized philosophy, literature, art, religion, history, language, and music to understand and record the world in which we live. The symbols of expression have become some of the subject matters that usually fall under the umbrella of humanities. Gaining knowledge of the records of human experiences, gives one the opportunity to feel a connection to those who came before our time, as well as the contemporaries. (Stanford Humanities). Distinguish the humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression. Humanities are described as academic disciplines that study the human condition, by using methods that are largely analytic, speculative, or critical. It differs from others that utilize an empirical approach, or evidence or consequences that have the ability to be observed by senses. (Weegy.com). : List a current example of each type of the following humanities and explain why each example you give reflects current developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology * Art-In today’s development in art it includes: “digitization and computerized/graphic arts as a major form of expression.” (weegy.com). This development was made possible by technology advancements. For example, first computers, then higher levels of software, then digitization, and this allowed manipulation of massive amounts of data...

Words: 722 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Information Overload

...The Information Overload This paper discusses changes that corporations may undertake to mitigate information overload. What I intend to show here is that it would be prudent of a corporation to make changes to social systems in order to return to a more productive state of organization. Certainly technical systems play an important role in controlling what information is necessary to assist in the scope of an individual’s specific work goal for the corporation. As the old adage goes, “garbage in, garbage out” and technical influences, such as fire walls, spam filters, permission and security settings can minimize or eliminate all together both input and output garbage as it were. I have served over 20 years in the Army, and continue to work for the DoD for example, the internet used for everyday business is very restrictive, you are not likely to get overloaded with useless information on this media, there are some exceptions that may allow you to move beyond the necessary parameters for safe computing, however, the network monitoring systems in place would have human intervention to your location within the hour. While imposing technical influences on computer systems through a well established IT program in a corporation is a must do task for any organization, social systems must be in place and supportive of the technical systems in order to successfully mitigate information overload. What I am saying here is that employees must have a corporation success oriented attitude...

Words: 1342 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Good Life

...mTELECOURSE STUDY GUIDE FOR The Examined Life FOURTH EDITION author J. P. White Chair, Department of Philosophy Santa Barbara City College contributing author Manuel Velasquez Professor of Philosophy Santa Clara University This Telecourse Study Guide for The Examined Life is part of a collegelevel introduction to philosophy telecourse developed in conjunction with the video series The Examined Life, and the text Philosophy: A Text with Readings, tenth edition, by Manuel Velasquez, The Charles Dirksen Professor, Santa Clara University. The television series The Examined Life was designed and produced by INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications, Netherlands Educational Broadcasting Corporation (TELEAC/NOT), and Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) Copyright © 2007, 2005, 2002, 1999 by INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications, 150 E. Colorado Blvd., Suite 300, Pasadena, California 91105-1937. ISBN: 0-495-10302-0 Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Lesson One — What is Philosophy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Words: 78103 - Pages: 313

Premium Essay

Coming of Age Narratives

...Society will always be based on a set of norms followed by a group of people, hence the formation of communities and tribal settings. In order to succeed within social strata it is of the utmost importance to adhere to these “rules”, so to speak. Moral value is often what deciphers one group from another. What one group of people hold of importance may not mean much to another. However it is important to respect the differences between social groups, because without each of them society wouldn’t be where it is today. In my two chosen texts, Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit by Jeanette Winterson we are faced with two characters trying to release themselves from the shackles of society and trying to become accepted and to find themselves. Stories of self-development often prove to be the most interesting, a coming of age tale revealing significance in every footstep of growth. In Nervous Conditions we follow the narration of the main character, Tambu and her experiences, through her eyes directly, of her time growing up in Africa. The book also surrounds another main character, Nyasha, Tambu’s affluent cousin. It is important to recognise the immediate differences between the cousins. Tambu has only ever known an impoverished background where as Nyasha is travelled and educated. She speaks English and Tambu speaks Shona, the language of her area. At the beginning of the novel it is difficult to imagine how the girls will be able to relate...

Words: 1930 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Plato and Christianity

...another world beyond this changeable and destructible one in which we live, one consisting of unchanging eternal Forms. He asserted that what we see and touch are only very distantly related to the ultimate realities that exist. He created the famous comparison of the human condition with that of prisoners chained facing the inner wall of a cave, so that all they can see are simply shadows of objects in the cave, knowing nothing of the world outside. “To Plato, there was no natural sense on how men ought to live, education was to be the key to the construction of a better society; from the "educated" would arise the elite to rule society. Plato thought it essential that a strict threefold class division be maintained. In addition to the rulers, the Philosopher-kings, there were to be "Auxiliaries" (soldiers, police and civil servants) and the "Workers" (the rest of us).” - Luigi Miraglia (1846-1903), professor of the Philosophy of Law in the University of Naples "I do believe that there are gods and that in a far higher sense than that in which any of my accusers believe in them." – Plato, the Republic Most Christians would have to agree in some way or another to the way Plato describes the human condition. In that we can only see one version of what we have here on Earth. That there is indeed a perfect flower, perfect sky, perfect water, etc, but we have to wait to get to Heaven to indeed experience them. “For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former...

Words: 308 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

My Document

...|PERSONALITY SPECTRUM I |Name: |Patrina Taylor |Date: |8/18/2010 | STEP 1. Rank order all 4 responses to each question from most like you (4) to least like you (1). Place a 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the space next to the responses. 1. I like instructors who a. 4 tell me exactly what is expected of me. b. 3 make learning active and exciting. c. 4 maintain a safe and supportive classroom. d. 4 challenge me to think at higher levels. 2. I learn best when the material is a. 4 well organized. b. 3 something I can do hands-on. c. 2 about understanding and improving the human condition. d. 3 intellectually challenging. 3. A high priority in my life is to a. 4 keep my commitments. b. 4 experience as much of life as possible. c. 3 make a difference in the lives of others. d. 4 understand how things work. 4. Other people think of me as a. 4 dependable and loyal. b. 4 dynamic and creative. c. 4 caring and honest. d. 3 intelligent and inventive. 5. When I experience stress I would most likely a. 3 do something to help me feel more in control of my life. b. 2 do something physical and daring. c. 4 talk with a friend. d. 4 go off by myself and think about my situation. 6. I would probably not be close friends with someone who is a. 2 irresponsible. b. 3 unwilling to...

Words: 374 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Personality Traits

...PERSONALITY SPECTRUM I | Name: | Andre Taylor | Date: | 9 May 2010 | STEP 1. Rank order all 4 responses to each question from most like you (4) to least like you (1). Place a 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the space next to the responses. 1. I like instructors who a. 4 tell me exactly what is expected of me. b. 4 make learning active and exciting. c. 3 maintain a safe and supportive classroom. d. 4 challenge me to think at higher levels. 2. I learn best when the material is a. 4 well organized. b. 4 something I can do hands-on. c. 2 about understanding and improving the human condition. d. 4 intellectually challenging. 3. A high priority in my life is to a. 4 keep my commitments. b. 2 experience as much of life as possible. c. 3 make a difference in the lives of others. d. 2 understand how things work. 4. Other people think of me as a. 3 dependable and loyal. b. 3 dynamic and creative. c. 4 caring and honest. d. 2 intelligent and inventive. 5. When I experience stress I would most likely a. 3 do something to help me feel more in control of my life. b. 2 do something physical and daring. c. 2 talk with a friend. d. 4 go off by myself and think about my situation. 6. I would probably not be close friends with someone who is a. 1 irresponsible. b. 1 unwilling to try new things. c. ...

Words: 373 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Grit Test- Lab 1

...Even though I don’t think I have a disorder I’m pretty conscious with the fact that I do have a fear of failure. In fact, when it comes to perfectionism, I end up spending more time on the final presentation and every little detail rather than focus on the excellence of a project. Age is a very important in determining level of grit in a population. Individual experience about when being persistent allows you to figure out which things are worth doing. It may be worth someone you may be paying for services or solution to a problem, but it may not be worth pursuing a modeling career at the age of 30 and being 60 pounds overweight. Learning to pick my fights is not a reflection of my grittiness, but somewhat realistic of the human condition, which is almost always disappointing. Most of the tips listed on ways to improve grit said I was “realistic optimist” (Jotski, K.). This worked for me a couple quarters back when I chose to be the leader for a debate. SOURCES 1. James, K- http://www.forbes.com/sites/margaretperlis /2013/10/29/5-characteristics-of-grit-what-it-is-why-you-need-it-and-do-you-have-it/ 2. Malcolm, S- http://thebamalliance.com/blog/grit-your-success-Malcolm/ 3. Joktski, F-...

Words: 312 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Taxation

...Economics is the study of choices and behaviors. Economics focuses on why we make the choices we do and what the implications or effects of those choices are. In this essay, I will talk about the magnificence of Economics and how it has been a part of our daily lives. So what are you waiting for? Come and join the fun as we wend our ways through the marvelous world of Economics! Economics may seem like a theoretical subject, but it actually has many practical applications in daily life. Economics studies the way people and companies interact with each other, and cover such diverse fields as finance, law, education, business, government policy and more. Having a firm grip of these subjects gives the individual a big advantage both in business and personal life. As a Human Resource Development Management Student of Polytechnic University of the Philippines Quezon City Campus, I found Economics as one of the foundations of the Human World. Economics deals with decision....so in everything you do, like how will you spend your money wisely, how will you budget your time, how you react in every issues that involves your everyday life, all of it, is already the application of Economics in our daily lives. Economics defined as a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of well being. Thus it is on one side a study of wealth;...

Words: 275 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Health Assessment

...HEALTH ASSESS STUDY 1. Subjective vs. Objective data a. Subjective: The health history, symptoms i. What the patient tells you ii. Chief complaint to Review of systems b. Objective: What you detect during the examination, all physical examination findings 2. Attributes of a Symptom c. Onset: when the sign or symptom began d. Location: Where the sign or symptom is located iii. Where exactly is the headache? Can you point to it? Does it radiate? e. Duration: how long the sign or symptom has been going on? iv. Does the headache come and go? Is it nonstop? What time of day is worst? f. Characteristic symptoms: what the symptom feels like, what describes it, and its severity. v. How does the headache feel? Is it throbbing? Sharp? Stabbing? Describe it. Rate it on a scale of 1-10. g. Associated manifestations: what else is going on when the patient experiences the sign or symptom vi. Does anything else happen when you get the headaches? Blurred vision? Nausea? Vomiting? Seizures? h. Relieving factors: anything patient has done to relieve the headache. vii. Have you tried cool compresses? Rest in a dark room? Did it work? i. Treatments: any interventions the patient has previously tried. viii. Has the patient seen a health care provider? Tried any remedies: medications, acupuncture, Did they work? 3. Interviewing technique ...

Words: 1404 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Foundations of Mythology

...Week One Individual Assignment Individual Assignment: Foundations of Mythology Short AnswersWrite 150- to 200-word responses to each of the following: Q How is the word myth used popularly? For example, what does the statement, “It’s amyth” mean? In contrast, how is the word myth used in the academic context? After considering the definition in your textbooks and course materials, write a definition inyour own words. A According to Online   Etymology Dictionary (2010) a myth is defined as,“a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a naturalexplanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods andexplains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature” (p. 1).According to Popular Culture Association (PCA)/American Culture Association(ACA) (2012), “many of them have had their roots in real characters and events but with retelling and elaboration have been built up into great 'ripping yarns'”(para. 1). In modern times the word myth is used to refer to a fairy tale, anexaggerated tale that may hold partial truths, or a story to teach a lesson to thereceivers of the story. In an academic context the word myth has changed over time. Myths are ancient narratives that attempt to answer the enduring andfundamental human questions (Leonard & McClure, 2004). I believe the storiesof myths may have some truth within them, but the facts have (over the retelling) been skewed...

Words: 489 - Pages: 2