...After reading about Deal and Kennedy’s elements of culture and the Classical Management approach, I noticed they are almost polar opposites. Deal and Kennedy’s approach is based on five basic elements of organized culture: business environment, values, heroes, rites and rituals, and the cultural network. They believed “what companies do in their competitive environments shapes the reality of how organizations manage activity and whether they are successful.” (Shockley-Zalabak, 2012) Values help people put effort towards the right things. These values allow people to be dedicated to a cause, which guides decisions about different kinds of situations and behaviors. These values could both help and limit change when it may be necessary to make certain changes in organizational environments. Deal and Kennedy (1982) believe that heroes are every day human beings who become role models for the values of the culture. Stories of these heroes help guide members of the organization in what they should do and what is expected and valued. Rites and rituals serve the same purpose. Management rituals are described by Deal and Kennedy as “formal meetings in which rituals develop about the number held, the setting, the table’s shape, who sits there, and who is in attendance.” (Shockley-Zalabak, 2012) They feel this form of organizational communication is the cultural network and the only way to be truly successful, in a sense. The Classical Management approach comes from an era of scientific...
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...The genre of music is made up of many styles and forms that have been shared throughout cultures and traditions. Many styles have caught on quickly and are loved by many whereas others have been more controversial and caused differences among people. No matter what types of music one may listen to it is usually the beat and style that suits that person during that time in his or her life or the mood he or she are in at that moment. The melody and harmony interact to create a masterpiece for one’s ears. The development of music was probably drum related instruments that someone started hitting that made beats and when different objects were hit there were different sounds made. “These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious ceremonies as representations of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of "music" and its sounds can only be extrapolated from the music of (South) American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices” (Hollis, 2012). Darwin (1871) noted that the human musical faculty “must be ranked amongst the most mysterious with which he is endowed” (Masataka, 2007, p. 35-39). Music has developed and evolved from just a few beats to being one of the most enjoyed past times of all time. Music has evolved from prehistoric music, middle ages, the Renaissance to modern day. After the Renaissance period music developed more from styles other than composers who created...
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...Near East and Egypt make a new artistic idiom suitable to the needs of the individual city-states and the Greek sanctuaries. In around a century and a half, the developments rapidly led to the birth of Classical art that show the distinctiveness of the human figure. Sculpture was the perfect means for the expression of the new Classical ideal. There are three major periods of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures which are differentiated by their style and their function. The earliest sculptures appear in the Archaic period around 8th - 7th century BC. The sculptures illustrate form of small figures of men, animals, and gods in bronze, clay, or stone the usually standing or seated. The form is called Daedalic with a form of big heads, frontal figures, and triangular faces. In the late of the 7th century the Greeks aware of the Egypt sculpture and they change to make larger figures in hard white marble from the Cyclades islands. There are two main types of the figure, “the kouroi” who are naked males standing with one foot forward, hands to sides, and the korai, who are dressed in women. They are used for decorating buildings or dedications for the grave markers. Each type shows the development of sculptural style throughout the rest of the archaic period. The second period is classical period takes place in the early 5th - 4th century BC. Greek artists begin to attempt to make human and animal figures more realistically. This requires careful understanding of the model, emotion in...
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...Classical Societies. Maria HUM/205 There is an incredible amount of artwork from the Classical societies, which inspired artists and artists today. Art can reveal an extensive amount of information regarding the culture and background of the society, which it was created. To examine artwork in relation to the culture of the each society, the artwork must be analyzed in variety of ways. The artwork that will be examined will be the Parthenon from the Classical Greece period, The Scraper from the Hellenistic Period, and the tombs from the Etruscan Civilization. The Parthenon is a great example of the Doric style of architecture from the Classical Greek period, as shown in Figure 1. The Parthenon was built by Perikles, the great Athenian leader. It was built on the highest point and was the largest building on the mainland. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Parthenon was made of marble and was built in 447-432 BCE. Parthenon is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena. ("The Parthenon") An image of Athena made out of gold and ivory stands in the Parthenon. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Greeks believed she helped them defeat the Persian Empire during the Persian Wars. The Parthenon is known to symbolize wealth and power of the Athenians. Tax money of the people was used to pay for the building. Ironically, the building was used as a state treasury, which held tax money that the Dalian League collected. The society was proud of its culture and political...
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...listeners perception to assign their meaning. Also, it is debatable if music can transcend language barriers. 2- What are the potential problems in classifying music as “classical,” “folk”, or “popular”? Generally music is related to class instead of being nuetral. No better or no worse. 3- How might an ethnomusicologist approach the study of Western classical music differently from a musicologist? Ethnomusicologists not only study the music but how that music effects its audiences in a certain culture. Whereas, a musicologist studies music as a whole. An ethnomusicologist would study western classical musics effect on the western world. A musicologist would just study the music as it is. 4- What is “fieldwork”? What is its importance to the study of world music? Fieldwork is the recording of music using various methods including a cyclinder, disk, wire, and a magnetic acetate tape. The importance of this is that we can record the music we hear for further analysis. 5- In what ways does world music study require an interdisciplinary approach? The world music study requires an interdisciplinary approach because music needs to be looked at and studied through different disciplinaries and through all aspects. 6- What is ethnocentrism? Have you ever experienced it? Ethnocentrism is the analysis of another cultures music based on the traditions and attributes of ones own...
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...you listening to? Have you ever felt like you can not concentrate on something that you are working on and as soon as your favorite band comes on MTV or radio station, everything just flows? Or have you been to a party without music? It is guaranteed that people will hardly interact with each other until some sort of music is turned on. It’s like an invitation for people not to feel awkward anymore. Music is one powerful element that greatly influences people, mindsets and culture. Think about it, music is so important that in sport competitions, players do not step on the stage taking the microphone announcing how proud they are to be representing their country. They could do that, or just simply sing their national anthem in a very passionate way to bring the entire crowd of supporters to tears. That is how powerful music is. An ancient philosopher called Socrates once said, “Let me control the music of a nation, and I care not who makes its laws.” He knew how important music influences culture. He also knew how music can shape and impact others for either to bring about good or bad. For instance, polls done in the United States amongst american teenagers about definition of what the word success is, did not go much further than just having many cars, a mansion and lots of girls. This is due to the media feeding them this everyday in their music videos, resulting into poor understanding of what living successfully really means. You may say that you only listen...
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...communication in many cultures. Dance has also been used in religious ceremonies and rituals, the telling of folklore and sometimes a recording of historical events. Dancing is also not restricted to humans. Some animals also use dance as a way of communication. Examples of the include mating dances and some dance to prove their superiority. Dancing is defined as moving rhythmically usually to music, using prescribed or improvised steps and gestures (Sporre 2009). Dancing is also divided onto various genres such as ballet, modern, and urban dance styles. Ballet dancing is technical formalized classical dance style that started during the Italian Renaissance. Ballet is first on this list because billions of people around the world are enchanted by this style and line up to see performances. Ballet comprises a highly theatrical dance presentation consisting of solo dancers, duets, and choruses. Unlike other disciples and forms or dance besides break-dancing ballet demands extreme focus, strength and flexibility. Mostly all practitioners have to start ballet at a very young age to develop the gracefulness that takes decades to master. Ballet is comprised of three different types classical ballet, neoclassical ballet and contemporary ballet. Classical Ballet is the type you mostly see in traditional non-modern performances. It adheres to the strict rule of Russian and French ballet styles. It is extremely formal in practice. Students when learning classical form have to learn...
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...Arabic and Classical Arabic. This means that every country in the Arab world would have their own way of talking and communicating informally, which is why the Aaamiya or Colloqiol language exists. Diglossia can be defined as a language that has two versions; the high, prestigious and formal version (Classical) and the low, informal, easy to use daily version (Aamiyya, Colloquial). The Classical Arabic language is known to be a language that is with high prestige and cannot be taught to non-speaking Arabs as easily as one might think. It is to the degree that Arab speakers themselves find the Classical Arabic difficult to use in which this why they prefer to use they’re Colloquial version instead. Islam’s Holy book, The Quran, is written in the Classical Arabic and linguists strongly believe that The Quran’s language is like no other. It is definitely unique and different from the other holy books of other religions in terms of the way of writing. Another good example of a country that faces diglossia as well is China. China has been using the Classical Chinese for over 2000 years. But now, Modern Chinese is the informal way of talking, however, like Arabic, they would tend to use Classical Chinese to write or when formal occasions occur. The everlasting question that is ongoing is whether the Arabic language should be transferred from Classical Arabic into the Colloquial (Aamiyya) Arabic. There are two views in this argument. The first one is that the Classical Arabic should...
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...Liberalism’s view over the years has evolved and so as a result different liberals have different views on the state and how “large” it should be. Over the years the trend has fir liberals to become more “state-friendly” moving from classical liberals who preached for fragmented government to modern liberals who were state friendly, however since the 1960’s/70’s Neo liberals have tried to reverse this trend. Classical liberals such as John Locke, “the father of liberalism”, have argued that in order for the state to achieve and uphold its core principles such as individualism and liberty then the frontiers of the state should be rolled back and state power curbed, An example of this is Thomas Jeffersons quote “an effective gov’t is one who governs least”. A major debate at the heart of liberalism is how to achieve freedom, positive freedom where the state ‘enables and empowers’ the individual to do more and therefore that individual is more free, or negative freedom where the gov’t should be rolled back and not inhibit the individual to be able to do things, to allow the individual to grow with minimal state intervention, classical liberals subscribe to the latter and this links in with the core principle of individualism where due to classical liberals optimistic view of human nature they believe that it is in the human nature to be rational and not take advantage of less state intervention, a key argument for this being when John Locke argued that the state of nature “wasn’t...
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...HUM 112 Week 4 Discussion #1 10/28/2014 "Beethoven; Art and Protest in the 1800s" Please respond to one (1) of the following, using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response: * Listen to one (1) composition (i.e., for a symphony) by Beethoven, a transitional figure between classical and romantic music. Identify the composition that you listened to, and determine whether you would characterize the chosen composition as either the Classical or Romantic style of music. Explain the key features that lead you to your conclusion. Briefly, identify one (1) modern musician who you believe was great at one type of music yet pioneered another. I listened to Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 in its entirety. I’m not musically inclined and I do not have the ability to read or write music, however after listening to Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 is Romantic more than classical. Although you can find some of both characteristics while listening like the frequent changes in the tempo that is typically found in Romantic music and the texture of Classical music which is essentially homophonic. While listening to the first movement, the gentle sounds of the instruments warming up softly with violins played with a structure rhythm and drums adding to the volume. The next two movements was at a faster pace. There was some emotion present in the way the music went from fast to slow as the volume build from soft to very loud. The final movement seemed more relaxing to listen...
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...the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes and had a constant drone to accompany the melodies. In Hungary, the hurdy gurdy also has drones. It makes it sound like there is more than one person playing. There is more going on...
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...God’s House: Classical and Middle Ages Architecture Western Governors University God’s House: Classical and Middle Ages Architecture In this paper we will compare and contrast the temple/cathedral architecture from classic and Middle Ages art periods. The Classical art period covered a time frame of approximately 480 BC to 300 AD. We will focus on Greek Architecture during the Golden Era of Athens 460-429 BC (Sakoulas, n.d.). The Middle Ages began after the fall of the Roman Empire around 310 AD and lasted approximately 1000 years; therefore we shall concentrate on the architecture of the 10th and 11th centuries. In order to conduct period architecture comparisons we will select the elegant Parthenon to represent the Classical era and the Notre Dame Cathedral Paris to represent the Middle Ages. Let us examine what was going in Athens, Greece during the Golden Era. The Greek people of this period were cultured, religious, thinkers, and industrious in their expression. The democratic citizenry of Athens, in particular, were fond of literature, philosophy, theater, arts and above all their gods. Athens was a democracy lead by a senior politician named Pericles, workers were mostly freeman, slaves were few, craftsmen and wealth abounded (Durant, 1939, p. 110). The people of Athens worshiped all of the gods of Olympus, but none more than Athena the Goddess of Wisdom. Athena was the patron goddess and defender of Athens. Worship and prayers for protection were...
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...In Western culture the Greeks and Romans are citizens of the two most celebrated ancient cultures. “Classical art” was referred to the art of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture which the three primary areas of classical art are painting, architecture, and sculpture. The differences between Greek and Rome art are both interesting and significant for identification. Historically, the Greeks were the primary influences of the Romans in terms of artwork. The most obvious difference between Greek and Roman architecture is the material used. The Greeks used marble and the Romans used concrete. Greek sculptures are associated with white marble, Greek sculpture in the early classical period was often made in bronze during the high classical period. They were made from white marble and were often painted. Roman sculptors also used primarily white marble, though they did not paint their sculptures as Greeks did. Throughout the classical period Greek sculpture consisted primarily of depictions of Gods, mythological scenes and figures. These figures are often sculpted as "heroic nudes," in which the male figure is idealized. Although Roman sculpture, which features many copies of Greek sculptures, is also apprehensive with mythology. Romans often storied emperors and naturalistic examples of noble individuals. The Greeks not only had free-standing sculptures, but also sculpture worked into architecture. The panels primarily ran in horizontal strips above architectural columns...
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...The view of human nature and the role of the state: Human nature is difficult to define but can be summed up as the innate characteristics and traits that all human beings are born with, which is free from culture influence. What these characteristics and traits are, is often cause for debate as it is a general belief that these should apply to everyone. However the problem lies in the fact that no two humans are the same therefore reaching a unanimous decision on what human nature is, is near enough impossible. Over the years three ideologies have emerged as the leading theories on human nature; conservatism, classical liberalism and Marxism. The three have their own differing views on what the basis of human nature is. These ideologies have evolved into political parties and their policies are largely influenced by their views on human nature. This essay will look into the three ideologies, their beliefs on human nature and how this affects their view on the role of the state. The state is a sovereign entity within a clearly defined region which has monopoly of violence, thus holding the ability to create peace or war. Views on the state, in terms of its function and involvement in society, stems largely from ones ideas on human nature. The conservative view on human nature is quite pessimistic. Conservatism is largely based around the theories of Thomas Hobbes who developed these theories around the time of a civil war in the 17th century. This could possibly explain...
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...In Western culture the Greeks and Romans are citizens of the two most celebrated ancient cultures. “Classical art” was referred to the art of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture which the three primary areas of classical art are painting, architecture, and sculpture. The differences between Greek and Rome art are both interesting and significant for identification. Historically, the Greeks were the primary influences of the Romans in terms of artwork. The most obvious difference between Greek and Roman architecture is the material used. The Greeks used marble and the Romans used concrete. Greek sculptures are associated with white marble, Greek sculpture in the early classical period was often made in bronze during the high classical period. They were made from white marble and were often painted. Roman sculptors also used primarily white marble, though they did not paint their sculptures as Greeks did. Throughout the classical period Greek sculpture consisted primarily of depictions of Gods, mythological scenes and figures. These figures are often sculpted as "heroic nudes," in which the male figure is idealized. Although Roman sculpture, which features many copies of Greek sculptures, is also apprehensive with mythology. Romans often storied emperors and naturalistic examples of noble individuals. The Greeks not only had free-standing sculptures, but also sculpture worked into architecture. The panels primarily ran in horizontal strips above architectural...
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