...and the conditions for knowing. Ethical relativism views that there are several ethical truths that depend on the groups or individuals holding them. In the most basic terms, ethical relativism is the belief that different things are true and right, at different times, and for different people (Trevino & Nelson, (2011). Ethical relativism can be applied in the solution of several problems in the society today. One of those problems is corruption, which has affected nearly all countries of the world today. There are more than a few forms of corruption practiced today. However, in the American culture, for instance, the main forms of corruption include bribery, graft, patronage, nepotism and cronyism, kickbacks, unholy alliance and embezzlement (Paul, Miller & Paul, (2008). The two forms of corruption that were discussed and found to affect the Kentucky Fried Beef Company were bribery and nepotism and cronyism. Therefore, this paper will critically examine the issue of bribery and how ethical relativism can be used to limit and prevent bribery in the American culture. The behavior of the heath officer who inspected the Kentucky Fried Beef Company was not appealing. Rather than doing his job, and ensuring that the company upheld hygiene, and it did not...
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...Police Corruption: Above the Law Police Corruption: Above the Law Police corruption is the simple product of Marxian theory. In this case, the means of production are simply the power that people of the law possess and their ability to bend it to suit their own selfish desires. The cause is our cash driven society that inspires greed even in the hearts of those who are supposed to protect us. Civilians and law enforcement officers alike will continue to be effected by this problem. Since its beginnings, many aspects of policing have changed; one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. If you look in a local newspaper, it is likely that you will find an article about a police officer that has been arrested for committing some kind of corrupt act. Officers have been stealing money from dealers and distributing drugs themselves. They are protected, hiding behind badges that they proudly display. The way to solve this problem comes from either Weber’s ideal system of nobility or Durkheimian theory where corruption would be intolerable and quickly unveiled from the inside. Citizens of the community are responsible for bringing about these changes in our society. Only with a system that rewards dedication, bravery, and ethical behavior will law enforcement be turned away from a life of corruption. Like it or not, power tends to lead to corruption. It is no surprise citizens are often shocked and outraged when police officers are exposed...
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...Case Study: Police Corruption and Its Prevention Management Human Resources (CRJ535) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Abstract 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Introduction and Background to the Problem 4 Definition 4-5 Prevention Begins With Leadership 5-7 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Psychology and Social Perspectives 7-9 Theories to Analyze Police Behavior 9-15 CHAPTER THREE: DISCUSSION Implications of Police Corruption and Conclusion 15-18 REFERENCES 19 Abstract Society has a responsibility to respect the community and of course, the police officers that protect the community. More often than not, society’s respect of police officers is nonexistent due to the constant media reports of police corruption and brutality. Police corruption has been around since its conception, but is now being publicized more heavily. As a result, mistrust of police officers has increased. Solutions to the mistrust must be discovered and implemented. Even more important than solution is prevention of police corruption and practices that will make the police reputation and actions more ethically sound. With appropriate discipline and prevention practices in place, integrity will be established within the organization and public trust will be established within the community. CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Background Police Corruption takes place when a police officer engages in an...
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...Bryan Jaeger Business and Ethics UI400-01 April 20, 2015 International Business and Bribery Have you ever bribed someone to let you do something that you weren’t allowed to do? As much as I hate to admit to it, I have done it my fair share of times. Bribery can be a good or bad thing depending on the situation and how the bribe is used. No matter what I believe that bribery can usually lead to bad consequences. Though it can happen for just small things such as slipping someone a 20 dollar bill to get you into a club, it can also happen in big corporations that are involved in international business. If they are discovered by the government these big companies will pretty much lose everything. For example, “In February of 1975, Eli M. Black, the CEO of United Brands Company, jumped from the 44th floor of his New York City office Building. Black’s jump followed a $1.25 million bribe to Honduran Chief of State General Oswaldo Lopez Arellano to obtain reduced shipment taxes on the exportation of bananas”( Smith 1). This example cost the life of one person as well as high level job positions for 2 people and it hurt the company in a very negative way. This is just one example of a company that has been hurt really badly because of bribery. I will state a couple of more later on in the paper. One way most people don’t know is that bribery happens in the government most often with lobbyists. The whole system is corrupt and its one of those things that is very hard to fix overnight...
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...Chapter 7 : Moral Issues 7. 1 The Environment 7. 2 Life 7. 3 Rearmament and War 7. 4 Business Ethics 7. 5 Sexuality and the Family 7. 6 Discrimination 7. 7 Freedom of Information 7. 8 Science and Technology Chapter Overview This chapter will discuss the contemporary moral issues. There are eight main sub-headings and examined in turn. Students may not only learn about moral facts, principles and theories, but also some important moral issues so that they will kept in phase with current issues in facing the challenge out there. This chapter also encourages students to ...
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... After working for a semester Susan became upset with some of happenings i.e. many employees were allowing their friends to take free food, employees themselves were also taking food in large quantities when leaving their shifts (against the policies). Employees and customers were taking advantage of situation whereby they could steal food almost whenever they wanted. Reasons behind these problems were employee’s wages were low, easy access to unlock storage room door and inventory was poorly controlled also weak supervision by student managers and no written rules or strict guidelines. On other hand management thus far had not reported significant loss, also no corrective steps were taken to watch for theft and prevent it. It also did not threaten employees with job loss nor did they provide employees...
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...A special CBI court on Thursday sentenced B Ramalinga Raju, his two brothers and seven others to seven years in prison in the Satyam fraud case. The court also imposed a fine of Rs 5 crore on Ramalinga Raju, the Satyam Computer Services Ltd's founder and former chairman, and his brother B Rama Raju and Rs 20-25 lakh each on the remaining accused. HT presents a lowdown of the country's biggest-ever corporate accounting scandal . What is the Satyam scam about? It is about corporate governance and fraudulent auditing practices allegedly in connivance with auditors and chartered accountants. The company misrepresented its accounts both to its board, stock exchanges, regulators, investors and all other stakeholders. Is this an accounting fraud, a market manipulation/fraud or both? It is a fraud, which misled the market and other stakeholders by lying about the company’s financial health. Even basic facts such as revenues, operating profits, interest liabilities and cash balances were grossly inflated to show the company in good health. Who is to blame here? The promoters? The promoters are primary culprits, although it is almost impossible to misrepresent such facts without the connivance of the auditors and some executive board members. Independent directors, it seems, were kept in the dark about the actual books of accounts. What about the auditors? The role of external third party auditors, who were tasked to ensure that no financial bungling is undertaken to carry...
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...1. CLIMATE CHANGE The Philippines has been considered as a highly vulnerable to current (i.e. natural disasters), as well as future climate-related risks due to its geographical location and physical characteristics. It lies along the Western Pacific Basin (a generator of climatic conditions such as monsoons, thunderstorms, Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, typhoons, among others) making it a path of an average of 20 tropical cyclones annually, nine of which makes a landfall. According to Wikipedia, climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time. The term, however, sometimes used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. The term climate change, hence, has become synonymous with global warming. Any scientist will acknowledge that earth’s climate has always been changing. Increasing emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (such as methane) have created the so-called “greenhouse effect,” leading to overall global warming. However, some studies would also say that the intensity of solar radiation that correlates positively with global warming, provides alternative view to the carbon dioxide-greenhouse interpretation. Scientists also believed (with media exaggeration) that sea levels will rise by several meters by the end of the century, frequent violent...
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...The Communication on Progress of PT. Martina Berto Tbk .- Martha Tilaar Group Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENT The statement of CEO of Martha Tilaar Group Page 5 Overview Page 6 Introduction Page 7 Strategy, Governance, and Engagement Page 11 Criterion.1 : Strategic aspect of Global Compact Implementation Page 11 Criterion 2: The description of effective decision-making processes and systems governance for corporate sustainability Page 14 Criterion 3: The description of engagement with all important stakeholders Criterion 4: The description of actions taken in support of broader UN goals and issues Page 21 Page 23 Criterion 5: Page 24 Criterion 6: The description of commitment, strategies, policies in the area of human rights The description of effective management system to integrate human rights principle Page 27 Criterion 7: The description of effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism of human rights integration Page 28 Criterion 8: Standardize performance indicators in human rights Criterion 9: The description on commitment, strategies or policies in the area of labour Page 29 Page 30 The Communication on Progress of PT. Martina Berto Tbk .- Martha Tilaar Group Page 2 Criterion 10: The description on effective management system to integrate the labour Principles Page 32 Criterion 11: The description on effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism of labour...
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...Based on the book, Manager’s Guide to Understand Sexual Harassment (Sept, 2001), the other role of manager in discouraging sexual harassment is by letting your staff know and understand what is sexual harassment is. So, the staff then will know the reason why it is unacceptable and why sexual harassment is serious. This is important for them to deal and tackle with those matters if it happens to them. For example in Sime Darby, the managers will make sure that all staffs have the knowledge and understand the policy of sexual harassment such as types of sexual harassment, action that should be taken, where and how to complains and what steps should be taken. In order to achieve the aims, the manager will make sure every staff should have a copy of the policy and the new staff also needs to be given one when they join the organization. The policy also must be easy to understand and give the example of the unacceptable behavior that could happen in their working environment. The staff also must be warning as that kind of behavior will not be tolerated and make sure them to understand that harassment is a disciplinary matter and have it own disciplinary policy and procedure. So it can help the organization to stop the problems before it starts. Next, according to Orser,B. (2001), managers can help discouraging sexual harassment by taking action as quick as possible in dealing with any cases related to sexual harassment. For instance, the manager in Sime Darby will ensure to deal...
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...Supplier Code of Conduct Research In Motion (“RIM”) is committed to conducting its business in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations of the countries in which RIM operates and in accordance with internationally recognized industry standards of business ethics and social and environmental responsibility. This commitment to corporate responsibility extends to our supply chain. We expect our suppliers (“Suppliers”) to comply with the applicable laws and regulations of the countries in which they operate and to conduct their operations in an ethical, socially and environmentally responsible manner and in accordance with this RIM Supplier Code of Conduct (the “Code”) (or its equivalent) and the standards that it references. In selecting and retaining Suppliers, RIM will take into consideration whether a Supplier can in an open and objective manner demonstrate its active pursuit of compliance with the Code. Should a Supplier fail to demonstrate commitment to the Code or fail to implement appropriate corrective actions to improve performance, RIM may choose to suspend making purchases from the Supplier, or terminate its relationship with that Supplier on the basis of contractual breach. The Code is a statement of certain fundamental principles and standards that RIM intends its Suppliers to follow in their conduct of business with RIM. It is not intended to, nor does it, create or transfer any rights (including, without limitation, any intellectual property rights) in...
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...Corruption in Nigeria: A New Paradigm for Effective Control Written by Victor E. Dike Published on 30 November -0001 Created on 18 November 2003 • Print • Email Posted by Victor E. Dike in Guest Articles on November 18, 20030 Comments | inShare Causes of Corruption The causes of corruption are myriad, and they have political and cultural variables. Some studies point to a link between ‘corruption and social diversity, ethno-linguistic fractionalization, and the proportions of country’s population adhering to different religious traditions’ (Lipset and Lenz, 2000). Yet, other studies note that corruption is widespread in most non-democratic countries and particularly in countries that have been branded ‘neo-patrimonial,’ ‘kleptocratic’ and ‘prebendal’ (Hope, et. al (eds.) 2000; Lewis, 1996; also see NORAD 2000). Thus the political system and the culture of a society could make the citizens more prone to corrupt activities. Recently, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had to relieve some of its officials of their posts recently because they were corrupt. And it was not too long ago that all the commissioners of the European Union (EU) resigned because they, too, were found to be corrupt beyond acceptable limits. And quite recently, the Enron Corporation (energy giant) and World-Com (a telecommunication company) in the United States were perceived corrupt because they ‘manipulated their balanced sheets, profit and loss account and tax liabilities.’...
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...Question 1 e). Describe some characteristic of good moral reasoning. Moral can be defined as a process thinking with objective to determining an idea is right and good. Good or right should involve pleasure, happiness and excellent and also lead to harmony and creativity. According to the American psychologist, Lawrence Kohlberg, people develop through three levels of moral reasoning as needed by situations they encounter. The lowest level of development involves making decisions of morality based on the prospect of punishment in other words, by trying to avoid getting punished. At the second level a person perceives an absolute right and wrong and believes the law is the judge of morality. A person has reached the highest level when they make moral choices based on social contracts, or unspoken agreements to behave a certain way, and when they can generalize ethical principles beyond their own interests. This is a more abstract type of reasoning and not one based on simple ideas such as trying to avoid punishment. First characteristic of good moral reasoning is having respect for others. Having respect can be define as recognize and observe the right, freedom and status of others. Having respect for others as good moral because to prove our humane identity among all others creatures present on this earth. Respect in important element to live in peace in one place that have many community. The awareness about respect must be practice in every human being from childhood whether...
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...PARTICIPANTS’ PAPERS GRAFT AND CORRUPTION: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE Nelson Nogot Moratalla* I. INTRODUCTION This paper will present a condensed report on graft and corruption in the Philippines. Information was compiled by the author from documents, articles, newspaper clippings and other data gathered from the reports and journals of the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan, two of the constitutional bodies mandated by Philippine law to investigate and act on complaints filed against public officials and employees for violations of graft and corrupt practices. More specifically, this report will cover input from an unpublished research paper prepared by scholars from the University of the Philippines, College of Public Administration, whom I will accordingly acknowledge in this work.1 This report will generally follow the outline as provided. The first portion will introduce the theoretical perspective and context of corruption in the Philippines. It clarifies the national context within which corruption operates. It will look into the intersection of corruption and Philippine history and culture. It will likewise discuss some public perceptions of corruption. Estimates of the extent and losses of corruption in the Philippines will be briefly discussed. The history of the Philippine * Deputy Director / Dean of Academic, Philippine National Police Academy, Philippine Public Safety College, Philippines. 1 “Initiatives Taken Against Corruption: The Philippine Case”; unpublished...
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...THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION. THROUGH MORE THAN 90 CHAPTERS WORLDWIDE AND AN INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT IN BERLIN, WE RAISE AWARENESS OF THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION AND WORK WITH PARTNERS IN GOVERNMENT, BUSINESS AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO TACKLE IT. www.transparency.org WE ARE A GLOBAL MOVEMENT SHARING ONE VISION A WORLD IN WHICH GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, BUSINESS, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE DAILY LIVES OF PEOPLE ARE FREE OF CORRUPTION Editors: Alice Harrison and Michael Sidwell Design: Sophie Everett Cover photo: © Reuters/Yannis Behrakis Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of June 2011. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-935711-79-1 Printed on 100% recycled paper. ©2011 Transparency International. All rights reserved. This report provides a snapshot of how the Transparency International movement was active in the fight against corruption in 2010. For the purpose of conciseness, national chapters, national chapters in formation and national contacts are referred to as chapters, regardless of their status within Transparency International’s accreditation system. Visit www.transparency.org/chapters for their current status. WELCOME During 2010 we continued to see the terrible cost of corruption. Sixty-four million...
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