...The Effects of Co-Curricular Activities on the Academic Achievement of Students Janice E. Brown December 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether participation in a science co-curricular activity (MESA) increases the academic achievement of students in inner city schools. The study was conducted in an urban middle school. The participants were sixth, seventh, and eighth-grade male and female students ranging in age from eleven to thirteen years. The students were asked to complete the Maryland Engineering Science Achievement (MESA) program interest application form. Their science teachers recommended students who showed an interest in math and science. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarter grades in science, mathematics, and language arts were used to compare the pre and post test scores from the report cards for the 1999-2000 school year and the 2000-2001 school year for each student involved in the study. A t-test was used to analyze the data. The data compared the mathematics, science, and language arts scores for the first three quarters of the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 school years for students participating in MESA and students who qualified but chose not to participate. Results showed a significant difference between the students who participated in the co-curricular activity (MESA) and those who chose not to participate. In addition, students who participated in co-curricular activities (MESA) experienced higher academic performance than students who were...
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...What can be done for systematic conduct of the fixed CEAs? 34. Why is it necessary to conduct co-curricular activities in school? 20) In what way/s the teachers partake in CEAs? Spontaneous Passive Compelling Active Others 1. What is the nature of your co-curricular activities? Externally directed Spontaneous Based on curriculum and textbook Others . Is the National flag hoisted in the school? Yes No 14. When do you hoist the flag? Daily Visit of guests Occasionally Special programmes of the school National day Others ____________________________________ 15. Is the National anthem sung in the school? Yes No 16. When is the anthem sung? Daily Visit of guests occasionally Special programmes of the school National day Others 17. If not sung, why? Not known External pressure Pupils not interested Feeling not necessary Lack of time others 18. If not sung, what alternative song is sung? ______________ 19. Are the pupils taken to education/local trips? Yes No 20. If yes, what preparations are made? ____________________________________________ 21. Was the trip based on the curriculum? Yes No 22. What was the achievement of the trip? _________________________________________...
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...Extracurricular activities are found in all levels of our schools in many different forms. They can be sports, clubs, debate, drama, school publications, student council, and other social events. A student’s future can be determined in the things that they do in the hours after school and before their parents get home. Extracurricular activities are totally voluntary so students that do not want to participate in them do not have to. However, they provide experiences that are not included in formal courses of study. They allow students to apply the knowledge that they have learned in other classes and acquire concepts of democratic life. Extracurricular activities have many positive effects on education. The positive effects that extracurricular activities have on students are behaviour, better grades, school completion, positive aspects to become successful adults, and a social aspect. Extracurricular activities began in the United States in the 19th century. The first extracurricular activities that were well known in schools started at Harvard and Yale University. The first effect that extracurricular activities have on education is behaviour. Students that participate in extracurricular activities have reduced behaviour problems. In sports, they show discipline in drills, practices, and routines. They have a responsibility to perform those tasks correctly, whether it is basketball of football plays, dance routines, or signals in baseball. When students perform these things...
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...Effectiveness of Co-curricular Activities on Academic Achievements of Secondary School Students in District Abbottabad Pakistan - A Case Study Zahid Bashir, Shafqat Hussain NUMLs Islamabad Pakistan Abstract This research was conducted to examine the effect of co-curricular activities on academic achievements of secondary school students in District Abbottabad. The research is experimental in nature, pre-test Post–test equivalent group design was selected for this purpose. In this study, an achievement test covering four chapters of mathematics and four lessons of English was used as measuring instrument. Depending upon pre-test scores, 200 students of 10th class were divided into two equal groups (n=100) named as experimental group and control group. The experimental group was involved in co-curricular activities and the control group did not participate in any activity beyond the classroom. There were two types of co-curricular activities. First physical i.e., games, athletics and P.T (physical training) etc and the other was debates, drama speeches etc. The experimental group carried out activities for forty minutes daily for twelve weeks. The post-test was administered after twelve weeks. The pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups served as data for this study. The analysis of data revealed that on the whole, experimental groups showed better performance than controlled group. Hence the ultimate results of the study indicated that co-curricular...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study Education plays a vital role in man’s journey towards excellence. This serves as the armour of an individual in facing the demands of life, a life where all his needs are supplemented. Nonetheless to attain such individuals of different status, socio-economic class, are sent to school to pursue his/her education. In the Philippine education system, extra or co-curricular activities are implemented to enhance or improve the learning of students not only on the academic field but also on the co-curricular one. Co- curricular activities include student leadership, campus journalism and campus athletics. These are considered as responsibilities that students involved must take and seriously consider. The Republic Act.no. 7079 or the campus Journalism Act of 1991 serves as the basis of Higher Education Institution in organizing such body. As provided by the provision inculcated in the law, Campus publication staffs. Shall serves and must voice out their grievances of the fellow students. Thus, this requires a great sacrifice in the time of coming up of one output either in the form of broadsheet, tabloid, newsletter, magazine, and folio, depending on their choice. On the other hand, as provided by R.A no. 8292 otherwise known as the Higher Education Modernization act of 1997, the formation of the student body organization is thereby required amongst SUC’s, the President of SBO shall serve as the Representative of the students...
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...MERCK AND RIVER BLINDNESS 1. Think about the definition of stakeholders — any parties with a stake in the organization’s actions or performance. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How many can you list? On what basis would you rank them in importance? People suffering from the disease or those who potentially may be infected – would directly benefit from the cure Merck employees at all levels – profitability and the economic health of the company affects current employees Merck shareholders – inability to profit from the drug might have a negative effect on shareholder’s value, but taking the stand on “doing the right thing” might have a favorable effect on company’s reputation and increase the value of the stock Various healthcare organizations – Merck is one of the leaders in the industry whose actions or inactions may affect the state of the industry as a whole One way to rank stakeholders in importance is by their level of benefit from the drug putting people suffering from the disease in the first place as they would benefit the most from the invent of the cure. Then, employees and shareholders would share the second place, provided that the company would most likely not be able to recover funds invested in the long and expensive process of developing the drug which in turn would affect company’s profitability. Finally, various healthcare organizations would rank third; the effect on them would depend on the level of their involvement in the process...
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...In his prologue to Daphnis and Chloe, Longus refers to his four books as “a0na/qhma me\n7!Eroti kai\ Nu/mfaij kai\ Pani/” (Pr 2.3-4). Coming before any of the action of the novel, the reader asks, and for good reason, why these three gods or sets of gods? Then in the final book, Daphnis gives “a0naqh/mata…tw~| Dionu/sw|…tw~| Pani\...tai~j Nu/mfaij” (4.26.6-8). Here Dionysus has filled the place of Eros, or, as I shall argue, Dionysus represents the same universal force as Eros in the earlier books. These divinities, Eros/Dionysus, Pan, and the Nymphs, directly influence the lives of the titular protagonists. Their influence serves different purposes depending on what the situation calls for, but, overall, the influences could be labeled as such: Eros/Dionysus controls their lives, the Nymphs nurture the youths, and Pan enflames their passion. In many Greek novels, Eros functions as a stock figure, “not much more than a convenient method of setting [the] plot in motion” (Turner 119). Critics have heavily studied the role of Eros in this novel, and many find that the text of Daphnis and Chloe can be seen as an introductory text for syncretic monotheistic religions, specifically that of Orphic Dionysus. This argument holds valid, yet, I think, over reads the text, and Chalk admits as an introductory text, it is merely “allusive” and not clearly instructive (36). Philetas certainly describes the “cosmic Eros” found in Hesiod’s Theognis in his interaction with Eros in his garden...
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...Caso Merck & Co: Evaluación de una oportunidad de licencias de medicamentos El caso está ambientada en el año 2000. Merck & Co. es una compañía global, impulsada por la investigación farmacéutica, investiga, desarrolla, fabrica y comercializa una amplia gama de productos para personas, así como productos de salud animal. Opera directamente a través de empresas conjuntas establecidas y prestas servicios de gestión de productos farmacéuticos (PBM). Durante los últimos 5 años, la compañía ha lanzado 15 nuevos productos de éxito, las drogas más populares han generado la cantidad de $5.7 mil millones en ventas en todo el mundo. Entre 1998 y 1999, un aumento del 20% en las ventas se observó. Merck posee las patentes de los medicamentos más populares, sin embargo, expirará en 2002. Una vez que las patentes han caducado, las ventas disminuirán por los medicamentos genéricos sustitutos y baratos en el mercado. La compañía tiene como objetivo mantener un buen camino en el desarrollo de fármacos, por constante renovación de su cartera, lo que impide la pérdida de ventas de medicamentos que van fuera del tiempo de la patente. Los nuevos fármacos son bien desarrollados por la investigación interna (la mayoría) mediante la colaboración con empresas de biotecnología. El producto: Davanrik Davarnik fue desarrollado por los productos farmacéuticos LAB, un producto farmacéutico pequeño y relativamente joven especializada con compuestos para el tratamiento de trastornos neurológicos. Originalmente...
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...Story Tiffany & Co. is created by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young (then known as Tiffany & Young, a stationery and fancy goods emporium at 259 Broadway in New York). All items were marked with a non-negotiable selling price, which was a first at that time. The first day’s sales total $4.98. 1837: Introduction of the Tiffany Blue Box The well-known shade of blue was chosen to symbolize the company’s renowned reputation for quality and craftsmanship. The colour is well known globally and widely used on Tiffany & Co. boxes, catalogues, shopping bags, brochures and in their advertising mediums. Today, it has become Tiffany & Co’s trademark colour. No box can be taken out of a Tiffany & Co. store except with an article which has been sold by them. This adds to the exclusivity of the brand. The tradition of the famed Tiffany Blue Box has endured over the years as its contents are unsurpassable in quality and design. 1845: The First Blue Book The first ever Tiffany catalogue is published. This tradition still continues at present day. 1851: The Heritage of Tiffany Silver Tiffany becomes the first American company to use the 925/1000 sterling standards which is later adopted as the United States Sterling Standard. Tiffany’s silver designs also start capturing attention worldwide. 1853: Tiffany & Co. is “Officially” Named Charles Tiffany assumes control of the company and renames it. 1867: Tiffany & Co. at the Paris Exposition Universelle Tiffany & Co becomes the first...
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...It starts with an idea s t a g e s o f innovation Best Practices in Brand Extension: Effective Application of Brand Recognition BRAND EQUITY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE COMPONENTS: EXPERTISE, EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS AND PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES Brand extensions are an effective and popular method of gaining a competitive advantage when entering a new product area. Consumers are faced with an increasingly complex and confusing marketplace. The ability of a brand to act as a mental shortcut for consumers, thereby simplifying the decision-making process, makes it one of, it not the, most important asset for a company. The ability of a brand to influence consumer behavior, and its subsequent value to companies, will increase as consumers face a growing amount of information in the marketplace. By placing a well-known brand on a new product, a company can imbue that product with all the positive associations of that brand, thereby giving it a competitive advantage. With some estimates of the failure rate for new products at 90%, the added value of being associated with a trusted brand can be critical to a new product’s survival. Given the increasing value of established brands and the difficulty in launching new products, the popularity of brand extensions is understandable. However, the brand extension process must be carefully planned in order to insure the value of the brand is successfully transferred to the extension without jeopardizing the brand’s equity. To do so, a company...
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...THE MAIN STRATEGIC PROBLEMS PROBLEM: ‘Tiffany’ was very focused on their brand name. In most of the cases it is very good for a company and for Tiffany it would be right decision as well but the management preferred to do it starting from the bottom point. In my opinion, it was wrong decision. The company put very high prices on jewelries which do not have very high value according to the materials, and furthermore the company did not have the name what would attract people to buy its products. The company had chosen fundamental strategy to keep their name up and make it more famous. The second strategic fault, in my view, was the licensing the Tiffany brand to an Italian fashion-eyewear manufacturer – it means they have no control over the products which are produced by other company, so most probably the quality also will not be the same. It can be the reason for sales to fall down. Solution 1: I think they should have licensed the name for other sphere of production – this point would assure people that the products they used to buy from Tiffany are still made by the same way, and quality is going to be saved as usual. Solution 2: I would enhance the range of the products, and at the same time to have a control over of their quality. I think, in this case the sales would go up with the income. Recommendation: In my opinion the second solution would be better for this case. According to the Tiffany’s history: in most of the times the company was making decision exactly...
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... Managing Brand Extensions Brand Mix ▪ Definitions ▪ Breadth and Depth of Brand Mix Brand Extensions ▪ How to make brand extensions? ▪ Advantages and disadvantages ▪ Examples 1.2 A company may have more than one brands in different product categories It is critical that the firm can help consumers understand its products and services and organize them in their minds. The brand-product matrix help to characterize and formulate branding strategies by defining various relationships among brands and products. 1.3 The brand-product matrix A graphical representation of all the brands and products sold by the firm Brands rows Products columns 1 A Brands B Products 2 3 4 C 1.4 P&G Matrix Shampoo Cosmetics Toothpaste Toothbrush Floss Brands 1.5 Definitions Brand line ▪ All products sold under a particular brand 1.6 P&G Matrix Brand Line 1.7 Definitions Brand line Brand portfolio ▪ The set of all brands in a particular category 1.8 P&G Matrix Brand Portfolio 1.9 Definitions Brand line Brand portfolio Brand mix ▪ The set of all brands that a particular seller/company makes available to buyers 1.10 P&G Matrix Brand Mix 1.11 Breadth of brand mix How many different products should we carry? (Whether we should go into a product category?) ▪ Aggregate market factors ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Market size Market growth...
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...hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in the world hp is the best company in...
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...Conflict and Change Harvard Case Study Professor: Robert Lazer PhD Team: Zerrin Hejazi, Mark Klabonski, Elizabeth Lamb, Hari Thenneti Pandurangamoorthi, & Hareshkumar Surani The History of Merck U.S. sales office opened in and George Merck, Heinrich’s grandson, was appointed head of the U.S. branch Friedrich Jacob Merck opened Merck in Germany 1668 1827 Heinrich E Merck transformed the business and Merck began manufacturing 1887 Merck merged with Philadelphia pharmacy Sharp & Dohme 1891 The renamed company Merck & Co. opens for business 1953 2009 Merck merged with ScheringPlough Corporation and Organon BioSciences Pharmaceutical Industry • The average drug development time is over fifteen years with an average R&D expenditure of $800 million. • The FDA requires three phases of testing to assess safety and effectiveness. o Test results dictate what is displayed on the drug’s label and how the doctor will prescribe it. • Follow-up studies (Phase 5) can be performed to assess the drug after market release (Phase 4) and amend the drug label for improved sales. Pharmaceutical Success • 1981 to 2001, Merck experienced an upward trend on several industry metrics. • Their Return on Sales (ROS) for their Human Pharma line peaked at just over 40% in 2001 with an average of 24% . • The early 1990’s exhibited a downward trend just prior to Gilmartin assuming the role of CEO. Pharmaceutical Success ...
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...requires further explanation to provide greater accuracy within the analysis. The two main areas for development within the question are the terms strategic and tactical. Strategic can be defined as 'relating to the gaining of overall or long-term military advantage'1 Tactical on the other hand can be defined as 'relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to gain a specific military end.'2 The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed OP HUSKY, was one of the major campaigns and naval landings of World War II. It began on the night of 9th - 10th July 1943 and was a combination of a large scale amphibious and fairborne operation proceeded by a six weeks of inland combat. The first strategic lesson that can be learnt is the need for co-ordination and integration of all arms and services into the initial planning phase and also during the execution of any operation, a key example of evidence to support this is during OP FUSTAIN. OP FUSTAIN was a mission to capture the Primosole bridge over the Simeto river. This bridge was vital ground for both the German/ Sicilian forces and the allied troops. It was the one major crossing point that would allow for the movement of...
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