...Cocaine Addiction Written by Melissa Warren for Psychology In this paper, I will explore what makes cocaine so addictive and why it is one of the most abused, and one of the most popular drugs in the world. Cocaine is one of the most addictive drugs on the street and is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. To better understand the drug, we first need to define exactly what cocaine is. Cocaine: A colorless or white crystalline alkaloid extracted from coca leaves. Cocaine is sometimes used in medicine as a local anesthetic, especially for the eyes, nose, or throat. It is also widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric and stimulating effects. Chemical formula: C 17 H 21 NO 4 (Dictionary.com) Crack cocaine is cocaine that has been processed from cocaine hydrochloride to a free base for smoking. Cocaine is the smokable form of cocaine. It gets its name from the crackling sound it makes when smoked. Of these two similar drugs, cocaine is the most addictive since it is administered into the body the quickest. The faster the drug is absorbed into the blood, is relative to the length of the high. Since the high from crack only lasts from 10-15 minutes, people get addicted much more easily.(1) When a person uses cocaine, they are changing the amounts of dopamine (a chemical related to pleasurable experiences) and in turn they disrupt the system which regulates this chemical. “With repeated use, cocaine can cause long-term changes in the brain’s...
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...the crack cocaine addiction. Crack cocaine addiction treatment facilities focus on therapies that change the behavior by educating the patient about the effects on our mind and body. Crack cocaine addiction is rarely premeditated, and recovery is possible when decision is made by the patient. The process is not easy, nor short. Patients and friends, family develop the skills to support long-term abstinence. For many there are physical and emotional underlying conditions that instigated the used of the drug. Reversing the body’s tolerance and the mind’s dependency is a slow progression as patients go through treatment. Acknowledging the need to change is the first...
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...Introduction As Elizabeth Hartney argues ‘psychoactive’ is a term that is applied to drugs and substances that a change a personal mental state by affecting the way the brain and nervous system’s work. This can lead to intoxication which is often the main reason people choose to take psychoactive drugs. In some situations, however these drugs can be used to alter a person’s mental state in order to exploit them for example use of date rape drugs. Psychoactive drugs such as anti-depressants and drugs used to treat conditions such as ADHD are also psychoactive. Another author argues, “These are drugs since ancient times which were used for their psychological effects to stimulate or relax, to bring sleep or prevent it, to enhance ordinary perceptions or to produce hallucinations. They also include alcohol, tobacco and coffee.”(Atkinson, Richard & HIlgard, 1983). Another source describes psychoactive drugs as, “The term ‘drug’ refers to any chemical substance, aside from food, that, upon entering the body, alters the physical or chemical characteristics of the body and its functions. A drug that alters sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior is known as a psychoactive drug.” Behavior according to psychology refers to any action for example eating, sneezing, gambling, learning a language. DEPRESSANTS In small quantities, it appears to increase people’s energy and make them feel lively and sociable. In reality alcohol is a central nervous system depressant...
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...people in the western world might drink a cup of tea or coffee. The problem comes in separating the traditional everyday use of a mild stimulant with its much stronger and highly addictive alter ego, cocaine. Indeed, it could be argued that cocaine is truly “poison for the body and madness for the mind”, but should this misuse of a valuable commodity justify the complete eradication of the coca plant? Or is the coca plant a gift from Mother earth, to be cherished and appreciated? The following pages shall compare and contrast the pros and cons of the coca plants controversial existence in an attempt to gain a greater understanding of this dilemma. The opposing sides of the argument and their standpoints shall be identified. The difficulty in differentiating coca from cocaine will be examined. A comparison of the health benefits of coca verses the negative impacts of cocaine shall be made. The economic importance of the coca plant in the Andean region scrutinised. Firstly, we must identify the two sides of this argument. The Andean people believe that coca is a gift from mother earth and an integral part of their culture and way of life. The United Nations Narcotics Commission (UNNC) maintains that the coca plant is simply an ingredient for the production of cocaine and its eradicated should be given the highest priority. Bolivia is found at the heart of the struggle for the retention of the traditional use of the coca leaf. Bolivian president Evo Morales has been...
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...Abstract Internet censorship is a control or suppression of publishing or accessing of information on the Internet. The Internet has become a “member” of almost every single family on our planet. It’s not just an ordinary member, but a very important one, especially too someone who spends a lot of time using the Internet. The Internet is a very useful tool that is used for everything such as advertisement, communication, shopping, researching and also for educational purpose. On the Internet, there’re some websites that needs to be censored in order to protect our children from viewing inappropriate websites that promote drug usage, violence and pornography. Parents and school officials are the first ones who need to begin the process of censoring out those inappropriate websites. The Internet is an easy way to access all sorts of information. Because the Internet has become so popular in such a short period of time, the opportunity to censor it has passed by almost as quickly as the public discovered its usefulness to our everyday lives. The Internet has some bad source of information that’s not helpful to our kids. Parents and schools officials are the ones who should start the process of censoring those websites that our kids view each and every day of their lives. Because they are ones who know what sorts of information on the Internet that is best for our kids. So that’s why, Internet censorship should be enacted to prevent teenagers from viewing inappropriate websites...
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...and Sigmund Freud share many similarities in Meyer’s novel. One obvious parallel is each character’s remarkable abilities in their profession. In chapter IV Holmes does an impressive analysis of the Dr. Freud and surprises everyone after using clues to identify many of the Dr.’s personal and professional characteristics. Freud’s intelligence is likewise showcased when he is able to reveal the underlying cause of Holmes’ addiction to cocaine in the last paragraph of the story. Another similarity is that both characters are loners. Other than Dr. Watson, Holmes does not trust or allow others in his life. As for Dr. Freud, he is excluded from society and colleagues due to his radical ideas and methods of work. Both characters also happen to smoke Tobacco. For Holmes it was “huge amounts of shag”, during his cases whereas Freud would indulge in cigars. Although both Holmes and Freud shared many similarities, they also have many differences. A prominent difference derives from the antagonist, Cocaine. In the novel, Holmes is clearly addicted to cocaine when Meyer writes, “but as for help, you must put it out of your minds, all of you. I am in the grip of this devilish malady and it will consume me!” As for Dr....
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...one from each classification, and their general psychological and physical effects. Cocaine, a stimulant, Cannabis, a hallucinogen and Oxycodone, a depressant will be covered. Positive, neutral and adverse effects will be discussed as well as long-term use and withdrawal symptoms. Cannabis has a section regarding its medicinal use in society. Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and topical anesthetic that is extracted and refined from the Erythroxylum coca plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America. Coca leaf chewing has been around for thousands of years. The drug was first isolated in the 1850’s and had medicinal use through the late 19th century. Recreational use became a problem in the early 20th century and became illegal is the United States in 1914. The chemical name for cocaine is benzoylmethyl ecgonine; it is a bitter, white, odorless crystalline drug. Cocaine has multiple methods of ingestion; it can be insufflated, taken orally or intravenously. It can be smoked to some degree, but tends to burn rather than vaporize because of the high temperature required. Freebase cocaine vaporizes at smoking temperatures and creates a more intense high whilst using less product. Street terminology consists of coke, snow, nose candy, white, blow and soft, among others. Freebase is known as crack, rock and hard, among others. Cocaine interferes with the reabsorption of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. The buildup...
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...lips to a glass, bottle or can. However, Beyond the surface of this great invention are some shocking revelations. These Shocking Discoveries will change your whole outlook of The Coco Cola Beverage. The Basic Ingredients in a Coke soda includes : 3 grams of Coco Leaf Extract; Citric Acid, the Kola Nut ( which produces caffine a very addictive ingredient, sugar water; lime juice, vanilla and Caramel. The Story of this product began in 1885 with an alcoholic beverage called Pemberton’s French wine Coca. It was created by a Pharmacist named John Smith Permberton who was also known to be morphine Addict. The drink contained a euphoria inducing mixture of cocaine and alcohol called cocaetheulene. Therefore it is no coincidence that the name Coco Cola starts with the name of the leaf that is used to make cocaine. The drink was known as a wonderful invigorator of sexual organs but was...
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...enter the United States on more than 675,000 commercial and private flights. Another 6 million come by sea and 370 million by land. In addition, 116 million vehicles cross the land borders with Canada and Mexico. More than 90,000 merchant and passenger ships dock at U.S. ports. These ships carry more than 9 million shipping containers and 400 million tons of cargo. Another 157,000 smaller vessels visit our many coastal towns. Amid this voluminous trade, drug traffickers conceal cocaine, heroin, marijuana, MDMA, and methamphetamine shipments for distribution in U.S. neighborhoods. Diverse groups traffic and distribute illegal drugs. Criminal groups operating from South America smuggle cocaine and heroin into the United States via a variety of routes, including land routes through Mexico, maritime routes along Mexico's east and west coasts, sea routes through the Caribbean, and international air corridors. Furthermore, criminal groups operating from neighboring Mexico smuggle cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, amphetamine, and marijuana into the United States. These criminal groups have smuggled heroin and...
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...Cocaine Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) (INN) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic. Biologically, cocaine acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI). It is addictive because of its effect on the mesolimbic reward pathway. Formulations COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Topical Solution CIIRx only [Lannett Company, Inc.] Each mL contains:Cocaine hydrochloride 40 mg or 100 mg As aqueous solution.The topical solution contains the following inactive ingredients: citric acid, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Green No. 3, sodium benzoate, and water. Methamphetamine Methamphetamine (USAN) also known as metamfetamine (INN),meth, ice, crystal glass, tik, N-methylamphetamine, methylamphetamine, and desoxyephedrine, is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs. Methamphetamine occurs in two enantiomers, dextrorotary and levorotary; dextromethamphetamine possesses the well-known psychostimulant effects of the drug, while levomethamphetamine is CNS-inactive. Although rarely prescribed, dextromethamphetamine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD and obesity under the trade name Desoxyn, while levomethamphetamine is a non-prescription over-the-counter...
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...Direct Government Policy The main barrier to commercialization entry is that the technology must be approved by COFEPRIS (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios) rules and regulations in order to enter the national market. The Health and Economy Departments published in the Official Gazette the agreement which is recognized as equivalent to the requirements and procedures for requesting the Federal Commission for the protection against health hazards (COFEPRIS) to emit the registration of medical devices, with requirements that establish health agencies of the United States and Canada1. This decision of the Government of Mexico is aimed at enabling the Mexicans as quickly as possible to the medical equipment of last generation that are sold worldwide access. The Faculty of the Health Department to emit equivalence agreements is provided in article 161 of the Regulation of Health Supplies and will be more expeditious the entry into the Mexican medical devices market while maintaining the same level of quality, safety and efficacy that guarantees the COFEPRIS because the Mexican health authority not only review the medical devices have been evaluated and approved, in this case, by the health authorities Canadian (Health Canada) and American (FDA), it will verify the results of inspections and the documentation for manufacturing plants. The Article 194 of the General Law of Health establish2: "For the purposes of this Law, are considered as health...
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...to a glass, bottle or can. However, Beyond the surface of this great invention are some shocking revelations. These Shocking Discoveries will change your whole outlook of The Coco Cola Beverage. The Basic Ingredients in a Coke soda includes : 3 grams of Coco Leaf Extract; Citric Acid, the Kola Nut ( which produces caffine a very addictive ingredient, sugar water; lime juice, vanilla and Caramel. The Story of this product began in 1885 with an alcoholic beverage called Pemberton’s French wine Coca. It was created by a Pharmacist named John Smith Permberton who was also known to be morphine Addict. The drink contained a euphoria inducing mixture of cocaine and alcohol called cocaetheulene. Therefore it is no coincidence that the name Coco Cola starts with the name of the leaf that is used to make cocaine. The drink was known as a wonderful invigorator of sexual organs but was outlawed in Atlanta...
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...that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Carolyn D. Morris Assessment Freydia is a twenty seven year old woman who came into the Urban Mental Health Faculty because of her crack cocaine use. This was court ordered as one of her conditions to get her children back. Freydia has seven year old boy and a nine year old girl. She was very resistant to counseling but in order to get her children back she needs to complete counseling session, six weeks of a parenting class and attend narcotics anonymous (NA) meetings. In meeting with Freydia we set up a formal working agreement. It started with an assessment of her, include information on family, problems she was having, “Six classic questions are often used by interviewers to organize their assessment agendas: Who is the client and who should be involved in the assessment process. What do I want to know and what information do I need to gather. Where should the initial...
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...drug that falls into this category is Cocaine. Cocaine can be two things; A Coca leaf that is naturally grinded into a powder like substance, or it can be made into a “Crack” rock and smoked by the user. The coca leaf is a naturally grown plant that has natural opium’s in it used for medicines such as morphine and Vicodin. In the United States, approximately 14% of the adults have tried cocaine at least one time in their life if not more. The most common way of using cocaine is to snort a line of it although it is possible to smoke it. The short term effects of cocaine can make any user want to experiment with this drug because it can be a “pick me up”. Cocaine has been said to have increased both energy as well as alertness and can put you in the greatest mood a person can ever be in. Cocaine has also been known to give the user a sense of supremacy like he or she can’t be hurt or is above any other individual. Perks like these can make any individual consider using cocaine on a regular basis. However, these are only the good perks to using the drug. Some other short term effects of using cocaine are extreme irritability, restlessness, paranoia, and bad anxiety. The approximate “high” of using cocaine last usually around 30 minutes but can last for up to two hours sometimes depending on the pureness of the cocaine. Cocaine is responsible for the most drug related hospital visits due to its long term effects. For example, the use of cocaine results in high blood pressure in the...
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...In Japan, a pharmacologist in 1919 made the methamphetamine as an upper. It helped with feeling tired and helped boost energy. Soon enough in the 1930s the United States started using amphetamines to treat narcolepsy and asthma. (Methamphetamine Prevention, 2005) Methamphetamine is mainly used to treat people with narcolepsy. When a study came out in the 1993 it showed that meth helped people with narcolepsy to stay awake. With this drug their sleeping episodes decreased as well as other common affect that people with narcolepsy get, such as hypnologic hallucinations. This might let people to believe that methamphetamine is put to a good use, but reality is that it can damage so much more. ( Merrill M. Miller, Roza Hajdukovic, and Milton K. Erman, 1993) People that use methamphetamine for a long time look older than they really are. Methamphetamine causes the skin to lose elasticity and make the skin sag. Acne and blisters are signs of the abuse of the drug. The blood flow in the body is damaged and can no longer flow evenly around the body. This drug also damages the body’s capacity to fix itself and meth users can develop a disorder called formication. Formication is a constant picking at the skin because of the feeling or hallucination of insects on the body. This drug is used at times to lose weight and seem more attractive but in the process it makes the user less attractive. Hygiene is not an important issue in meth users. Meth users have mouth problems and...
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