Free Essay

Cognition

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By louisakee
Words 651
Pages 3
Fall 2014
Ms. Fadzilah 1. According to the article, explain what is working memory?
Working memory is a storage system, where all the information needs to be processed in it before it can be stored in long term memory. The importance of working memory for multimedia learning, only few studies has tested the contribution to learning from text and pictures. In Baddeley model, working memory can conclude as the working is during learning from text and pictures. In the article, working memory is involved of multiple subsystems, which is phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the central executive. The first one phonological loop is the subsystem that processes verbal information. For visuo-spatial sketchpad is the subsystem that processes visual and spatial information. The subsystem central executive is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the operation of the subsystems and linking them to long term memory, switching attention between tasks and allocating attention to stimuli, assigning information to one of the subsystems, updating and regulating working memory contents and coding representations for their time and place of appearance. 2. Explain the role of working memory in theories of multimedia learning.
There are two assumptions in Cognitive theory of multimedia learning and Cognitive load theory. The first assumption will be human own an auditory/verbal channel and a visual/pictorial channel for processing multimedia materials where this is only related to cognitive theory of multimedia learning. It is well-known on the basis of the sensory mode of representations and their presentation code. It is important that this interpretation is not in line. The second assumption will be working memory subsystems have limited resources for processing information straight. This assumption is related to both theories. For cognitive theory of multimedia learning is where each particular channel can only handle a limited amount of information simultaneously. In cognitive theory of multimedia learning it is equal weight on both assumptions, for cognitive load theory is limited place assumption are seen as a unitary. Besides, cognitive load resulting the domain complexity in intrinsic load, extraneous load and germane load. Cognitive overload occurs when the sum of all these load types exceeds available working memory capacity that not much related to Baddeley model since cognitive overload do occurs only within a subsystem. The role of the CE in multimedia learning, Cognitive theory of multimedia learning place on the fact that meaningful learning do occurs when verbal and pictorial information are mix with each other and with prior knowledge. 3. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of capacity and dual- task approach.
For the capacity approach is easy to assess working memory, the dual-task approach is more challenging to implement. The gauging capacity within the same time slot as the experiment may prolong the experiment, so it caused fatigue and lack of motivation in the participants. The dual-task approach does not make any presumptions about sample characteristics. While the data resulting from the capacity approach are easy to analyzed which provide a ready estimate of working memory component involvement. Besides, the capacity approach is difference that large enough to affect learning outcome and that effect are not overridden by other variables. The dual task approach is a more direct or straight approach to measure working memory components involvement than the capacity approach, that is because the dual task approach assesses which aspect of the experimental variation interfere with the processes located in specific subsystem. The dual task approach also focus more on how working memory handles situational demands depending on how many resources are already claimed by others. Therefore, the dual task approach is more closely related to the cognitive processes occurring, for example during multimedia learning. Dual task approach can be connect with the underlying working memory system, which find from the measuring individual working memory capacity have to be interpreted with care, especially the capacity of one subsystem has been gauged.

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