...Cognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empirically supported theory of psychopathology and personality. It has been found to be effective in more than 400 outcome studies for a myriad of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse, among others, and it is currently being tested for personality disorders. It has also been demonstrated to be effective as an adjunctive treatment to medication for serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy has been extended to and studied for adolescents and children, couples, and families. Its efficacy has also been established in the treatment of certain medical disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypertension, fibromyalgia, post-myocardial infarction depression, noncardiac chest pain, cancer, diabetes, migraine, and other chronic pain disorders. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy as a time-sensitive, structured therapy that uses an information-processing...
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...Running head: COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Abstract Counseling has been in existence from the beginning of time. From Jethro to Freud, therapists and philosophers have been seeking insight into the core of human nature and cognitions. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy (CBT) recognizes that faulty cognitions and beliefs affect the behaviors of individuals. One method of cognitive-behavior therapy, reality therapy, incorporates the concepts of free choice and personal responsibility that are taught both in Scripture and Dr. William Glasser’s choice theory. Other aspects of CBT, such as cognitive restructuring and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), also work towards eliminating negativistic attitudes of clients in exchange for more effective and realistic methods for interpreting the situations experienced in daily life. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy It is suggested that an individual’s personality is a complex system of cognition, emotion, will, physiology, and spirituality. Hawkins proposes nine aspects of the human self to be active influences on one’s personality: “body, cognition, feelings, volition, human spirit, Holy Spirit, sin/flesh/SAS, temporal systems, and spiritual systems (Hawkins COUN507_BO1_200920). Each therapist individually determines what factors they believe to make up a person’s being. Larry Crabb views humans as involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of man...
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...Rush, Beck, Kovacs & Hollon, 1977), fuelled the revolution. Over the succeeding years, BT and CT grew together and influenced each other to such an extent that the resulting amalgam is now most commonly known as cognitive behaviour therapy – CBT. Change Theory, primarily developed in the 1990s, explains a similar shift in thinking process by outlining causal links in a coachees initiative. This could include distal or proximal outcomes. The acknowledged changes are mapped as showing each outcome in a rational relationship to all the others, as well as chronological flow. The links between outcomes are explained by rationales of why one outcome is thought to be a prerequisite for another. This Theory of Change, similar to CBT, lies in understanding the distinction between desired and concrete outcomes. Change Theory is a forecast that shows what conditions must exist for other conditions to come into being. It is forward looking and logical, assuming the way we...
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...Initial Intervention The social workers decided that despite the condition of the home the family members appeared to be healthy. The family had lived with the terrible home conditions for many years. They felt that there was time to encourage and acclimate the clients to participate in a recommended evidence-based treatment plan. The social workers researched many interventions available and found cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to be successful in treating hoarding disorder by repairing dysfunctional thinking patterns (Murphy, 2014). A meta-analysis of CBT outcomes found there were greater positive results using CBT with certain populations. Groups included were female sufferers and those younger in age. Also, positive impacts...
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...addition to those problems it’s been noted in much of the literature that children who suffer from anxiety often develop coinciding problems of depression and substance use (Wood at el., 2009). Cognitive behavior therapy has become a primary solution of treatment for many therapist working with children, but other has took note of the difficulty working with children with anxiety...
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...| Personal Theory of Counseling:Applying Cognitive Therapy to the Case of Donetta | | | Background The theory of cognitive therapy resonates with me because of my personal belief in the power of the mind. It is my opinion that without the process of changing mindset, behaviors will not change. The mind has control over every single action and tells your entire being how to respond in every single situation. As stated in the Corey (2009) text, I believe that people with emotional difficulties often times tend to “commit characteristic logical errors that tilt objective reality in the direction of self-deprecation” (p. 288). Through my own therapy experience I came to understand the connection between my thinking, my feelings and my actions. I learned to identify distorted thinking, engage in realistic thinking, and to employ problem-solving and coping skills. This method helped me through my own difficult times and therefore I know it works and would like to help others through its use. View of Human Nature People possess faulty beliefs and maladaptive information processing (automatic thoughts) which can lead to cognitive distortions and depression (Chadwick, 1994). In cognitive therapy clients learn to identify these distorted cognitions through evaluation. Corey states (2009) that once clients gain insight into how these unrealistically negative thoughts affect them, their feelings, and behaviors; they can begin to “use their automatic thoughts to...
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...Phoenix BSHS/ 312 Models of Effective Helping Personal Model of Helping All theories have different views on ways of helping and different goals to imply. By using the person-centered approach ones view of human nature comes from one’s helping style. One would require a style that would make the client believe he or she is safe and understood. By the client knowing his or her therapist or counselor does understand him or her then he or she will believe he or she is safe and accept the help offer by the therapist or counselor. One could possibly set his or her on goals for change or except those of the therapist or counselor. “Person-centered therapy holds an optimistic view of human personality and focuses on present rather than past experience. Focusing on the inner experience of persons rather than on observable behavior, it holds that behavioral change evolves from within the person rather than through the manipulation of the environment” (Parrott III, 2003). View on Helping Developing a personal theory for the way one would want to understand human nature and provide him or her with the help he or she needs takes careful consideration. From what I have learned from this model of effective helping course is that the human service profession is a complex and overwhelming process, and one has to understand the methods one uses. My view on professional help is that, it was created for a reason and that reason is to service those who are in and to offer...
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...PSY 330 Week 4 DQ 1 Cognitive Theory To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/PSY-330-ASH/PSY-330-Week-4-DQ-1-Cognitive-Theory Review the week’s reading on cognitive and cognitive-behavioral theories of personality, which have significant application in the treatment of abnormal behavior. Select one of the options below and develop a case study that could use one of the therapy techniques listed to treat a patient exhibiting an abnormal behavior. Indicate in your post which option you selected. Option A: Discuss the theory underlying Rational Emotive Therapy. Why does this approach lend itself so well as a therapy? Develop a short, fictional case study of a client with an abnormal behavior. Describe how you would approach the treatment of this disorder with cognitive therapy and why cognitive therapy would be appropriate for the treatment of this disorder. Your initial post should be a minimum of 250 words and utilize at least one peer-reviewed source that was published within the last five years, cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Option B: Discuss the theory underlying Beck’s Cognitive Therapy. Why does this approach lend itself so well as a therapy? Develop a short, fictional case study of a client with an abnormal behavior. Describe how you would approach the treatment of this disorder with cognitive therapy and why cognitive therapy would be appropriate for the treatment of this disorder. Your...
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...model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive one? Discuss with reference to the work of Rogers and Beck.” In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the main features of humanistic and cognitive behaviour therapies. I will state my ideas on integrating aspects of the two models; discuss any difficulties I foresee and critique with regard to diversity and my own experiences. The humanistic model of counselling is an approach which is grounded in the positive view of humanity and the uniqueness of each individual. It was founded by Carl Rogers in the 1930s and 1940s. It focuses on the belief that we are all born innately striving towards becoming fully functioning, (Rogers, 2004). This approach is non-directive; (Mearns & Thorne, 1999) state: “the importance of rejecting the pursuit of control or authority over other persons.” The relationship of client and counsellor is based on equality with the belief that the client is the authority of their own life and the counsellor is “a guest within the client’s world of experience.” The counsellor will use the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard to enter into the client’s internal frame of reference. The belief with this therapy is that the relationship is all that is needed to effect change and if clients are being accepted unconditionally, they can learn to accept who they are and reconnect with their true selves. Cognitive Therapy (CT) developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s...
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...My preferred theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The main assumption of CBT is that events and situations in life do not cause emotional problems (e.g., guilt or depression); rather problems are due to irrational beliefs and perceptions about the situations . The goals of CBT focus on correcting the client’s automatic and self-defeating thoughts, which should ultimately help them to develop a more adaptive philosophy of life . I like that this approach focuses on challenging and changing the client’s cognitive distortions, core beliefs, automatic thoughts, and schemas. Another positive aspect is that this approach focuses on the cognitive triad, which consists of how one views the self, the world, and the future. Furthermore, CBT places responsibility on the individual to put insight into action by making changes to their thoughts and behaviors, both in and out of the therapy sessions. In order to bring about change, the client needs to understand that the primary source of difficulty lies in how they perceive events based on their belief system . Overall, CBT is a structured approach that emphasizes EVTs, learning, empowerment, brevity, and focusing on the individual . CBT is open to using techniques from other approaches that fit the needs of the client, and the empirically validated techniques of CBT, when individualized for the client, work well in other approaches. These aspects of CBT make it a useful approach that can be adapted for individuals...
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...Cognitive-behavioral theories are usually brief and target medical symptoms rather than personality issues. Through the use of active techniques and psycho education, cognitive-behavioral therapy changes behaviors and cognitions. Due to cognitive-behavioral approaches relying heavily on psycho education, the role of the social worker is to educate clients on maintaining a healthy standing, mentally and behaviorally. Cognitive-behavioral theories are based on the idea that our feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all connected. Cognitive-behavioral approaches integrate both behavioral and cognitive approaches in order to change thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Behavioral approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social...
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...therapists as they provide a framework for helping the client. It helps to support therapists on how to think about a client’s behavior, how to treat them and how to respond to them during the sessions (Jones-Nelson, 2011). Summary of Case I selected the case formulation of Kasey, the 25 year old woman who has concerns about her Generalized Anxiety Disorder. I selected this case because it provides me with insight on how family dynamics and psychological vulnerabilities influence the development of anxiety disorders. Secondly, as a marriage, couple and family therapist in training, it is helpful to have knowledge of family systems and how these systems may affect the individual. Cognitive Theory The first theory that I will be applying in the case formulation of Kasey is cognitive therapy, developed by Aaron Beck. The cognitive therapy is structured, short-term, present-centered, problem-orientated, collaborative, directed at solving current problems and most importantly modifying dysfunctional thinking and behavior (Beck, 2011 & Corey, 2009). Cognitive therapy identifies psychological problems originating from natural courses such as faulty thinking, and failing to differentiate between reality and fantasy (Corey, 2009). It is an insight-orientated therapy, focusing on...
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...Cognitive Behavioral Therapy There are a number of methods to psychotherapy that fit within the field of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). These methods share three theoretical perspectives: thinking or cognition affects behavior; cognitive behavior may be monitored and altered; and desired behavior change can take place through cognitive change (Piotrowski). Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck were instrumental in developing CBT. Albert Ellis established rational-emotive therapy (RET) in the 1950s; and Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy is used universally for depression and anxiety (Strickland). Unlike Freudian psychoanalysis which emphasizes past history, CBT focuses on the client’s present situation. The CBT process begins with establishment of false perceptions and thought patterns that are the foundation of or contributing to the client’s issues. “Some self-defeating ways of thinking identified by Aaron Beck include all-or-nothing thinking, magnifying or minimizing the importance of an event; overgeneralization (drawing extensive conclusions from a single event); personalization (taking things too personally); selective abstraction (giving disproportionate weight to negative events); arbitrary inference (drawing illogical conclusions from an event); and automatic thoughts (habitual negative, scolding thoughts, such as “You can’t do anything right”).” (Strickland). Following establishing false perceptions, the therapist assists the client in changing those negative perceptions...
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...and “I will never get over it if I can’t pull this family together”. There are phrases, which are cognitive distortions in client’s speech. They are: “My daughter never comes to visit me”, “I am totally on my own”, “I will never get over it”, I have failed in all aspects”, “Everyone at the streets…”. These phrases have many sings of distortions, such as magnifications (I am totally on my own, I will never get over, Everybody at the streets seems to know that I have failed as a mother, my daughter never comes to me); generalizations (never, totally); all or nothing thinking (I will never get over it if…); emotional reasoning (I feel so out of place, I’m beginning to think they are avoiding me, Don’t you think that a mother deserves more than this?); labeling and jumping to conclusions (my daughter probably think I don’t care); and making an accent on negative. These cognitive distortions are not based on real facts. They exaggerate negative sides of the problem and speak nothing about the good points. At the same time it is necessary to remember that these distortions make the part of core cognitions of the client and make a part of her picture of the world. She does not realize negative effect of these cognitions and the task of the councilor in this case is to help the women to recognize these ruining cognitions. In our case we must acquire our client with cognitive distortions, which are presented in her way of thinking. In the most of the cases these distortions are...
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...Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Is a therapy that can be confrontational to some clients when being used in therapy sessions. When using this therapy, a client’s past experiences are not involved or discussed in the session. The cognitive behavior is to exercise new skills in therapy and daily life, introduce working homework into the learning process for each meeting. The benefit of CBT is that the sessions are brief and cost-effective treatment. “CBT stresses assertiveness, independence, verbal ability, rationality, cognition, and behavior change that CBT’s use in culture situations with different values” (G. Corey, 2017). Before using CBT, the therapist should be mastered at this type of treatment before using this therapy style on...
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