...This assignment will discuss the application of the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in mental health nursing with reference to its principles and those of the Recovery Model. A brief discussion of CBT’s historical and developmental background in the management of mental health problems relating to the principles of recovery model will first be outlined. Subsequently, the range of treatment modalities used for depression preceding the start of CBT will be discussed with reference to the recovery model. The principles of CBT will then be evaluated and two CBT approaches used with depression will be explored giving a rationale for choosing them. Within the context of mental health care provision, limitations of CBT will then be explored. The assignment will conclude with highlighting the importance of adapting and using CBT approaches and the future development of new models of nursing practice. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout, in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008). A list of appropriate literature and references will be provided. CBT is a psychological and behavioural treatment therapy that seeks to identify, evaluate and restructure dysfunctional beliefs, thoughts and emotional disturbances focusing on the here-and-now principle for conditions such as anxiety and depression (Bennett, 2011). It is based on the idea that the way people think is affected by their thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, hence helping clients to acknowledge how this...
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...The “Cognitive behavioral therapy” is defined as a psychotherapy treatment that encompasses practical approaches to solving mental problems. The main objective of the CBT is changing the patient’s behavior and thinking and hence changes his feelings (Rothbaum, 2014). It is widely used as a treatment for various issues in individuals’ lives. Some of the healthy issues CBT treat include relationship problems, sleeping difficulties and depression among others. It helps in changing the people’s behaviors and attitudes by focusing particularly on beliefs, images and attitudes (Meadows, 2014). References Rothbaum, B. O., Meadows, E. A., Resick, P., & Foy, D. W. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy Reflection: How plagiarism violates the ethical responsibility of a psychology: It is unethical and immorally wrong to copy information word for word from a particular scholarly source. Copying and pasting the information from any source be it electronic source or any other source is without. Doing so infringe...
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...Cognitive behavioral therapy with children builds on behavioral therapy techniques while working to modify a child’s thought and feelings (Mask, 2002). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Children video was dealing with a child that became rebellious, bossy, outburst and would fight her brother. I believe that Nicole became defiant after her mother and her stop having mother and daughter time. Nicole and her mother use to go to the mall or have tea time together but I guess it stopped because her mom had to deal with the problems that that her son was having or because she was working a lot. I feel like Nicole problem was Oppositional Defiant because she became rebellious and bossy. Oppositional Defiant is characterized by a pattern of disobedient...
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...Can a humanistic model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive one? In this essay I am going to compare the Person-Centred Therapy founded by Carl Rogers and the Cognitive Therapy Model of Aaron Becks. I shall compare the two approaches, outlining the theory to explain their similarities as well as their differences. I shall compare the two approaches to show whether a humanistic and cognitive approach can be integrated successfully into a therapy session. In order to compare the two approaches it is necessary to summarise the main features of the two. Cognitive Therapy in brief can be described as: 1. Formulating a plan for treatment. 2. Focussing on the current, presenting problems as defined by the client. 3. Goal setting. 4. Time-limited. 5. Agreement to set and complete homework. 6. Connecting the way a client thinks about situations and how they feel and behave in order to change these thoughts. 7. Assisting the client in identifying and using coping skills for self-help in the future. Cognitive Therapy (CT) is organised around a formulation devised by Becks in 1976 to assist patients who were suffering from depression. The aim of CT is to understand the person's environment, values, beliefs and the way the person assesses events in their life. The CT model evaluates how people believe that a situation affects their feelings, behaviour and their view of 'self' and 'others'. A CT Therapist believes these views will be distorted...
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...model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive one? Discuss with reference to the work of Rogers and Beck.” In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the main features of humanistic and cognitive behaviour therapies. I will state my ideas on integrating aspects of the two models; discuss any difficulties I foresee and critique with regard to diversity and my own experiences. The humanistic model of counselling is an approach which is grounded in the positive view of humanity and the uniqueness of each individual. It was founded by Carl Rogers in the 1930s and 1940s. It focuses on the belief that we are all born innately striving towards becoming fully functioning, (Rogers, 2004). This approach is non-directive; (Mearns & Thorne, 1999) state: “the importance of rejecting the pursuit of control or authority over other persons.” The relationship of client and counsellor is based on equality with the belief that the client is the authority of their own life and the counsellor is “a guest within the client’s world of experience.” The counsellor will use the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard to enter into the client’s internal frame of reference. The belief with this therapy is that the relationship is all that is needed to effect change and if clients are being accepted unconditionally, they can learn to accept who they are and reconnect with their true selves. Cognitive Therapy (CT) developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s...
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...In this essay I will analyse in reference to the case study, how psychological theory informs our understanding of mental health disorders. I have chosen the following two theories to analyse, Psychodynamic and Cognitive. I will also evaluate how certain therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Psychotherapy may help or change a depressed person’s behaviour. Depression is a potentially disabling illness that affects many, but is understood by few. Suffers often do not recognise the nature of this terrible illness until they are so devastated that they can no longer help themselves. (Ainsworth 2000). According to Houpt 2010, Jamie is clearly showing signs of depression. Jamie is exhausted and his schoolwork is falling behind. He has fallen asleep in class and states that he feels depressed and anxious. He also feels a great sense of loss and his eating behaviour has changed drastically. Houpt states that depression reduces, depresses and slows a person’s functional level. It slows mental and bodily activities. Therefore a slowed mind is unable to process and respond to all incoming data. Adolescent depression is a mental and emotional disorder affecting adolescents and teens. More commonly referred to as teenage depression, adolescent depression is not medically different from adult depression and can affect a teen’s personal, school, work, social and family life therefore leading to social isolation. Empfield and Bakalar, 2013). A psychodynamic...
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...Helping University of Phoenix BSHS/ 312 Models of Effective Helping Personal Model of Helping All theories have different views on ways of helping and different goals to imply. By using the person-centered approach ones view of human nature comes from one’s helping style. One would require a style that would make the client believe he or she is safe and understood. By the client knowing his or her therapist or counselor does understand him or her then he or she will believe he or she is safe and accept the help offer by the therapist or counselor. One could possibly set his or her on goals for change or except those of the therapist or counselor. “Person-centered therapy holds an optimistic view of human personality and focuses on present rather than past experience. Focusing on the inner experience of persons rather than on observable behavior, it holds that behavioral change evolves from within the person rather than through the manipulation of the environment” (Parrott III, 2003). View on Helping Developing a personal theory for the way one would want to understand human nature and provide him or her with the help he or she needs takes careful consideration. From what I have learned from this model of effective helping course is that the human service profession is a complex and overwhelming process, and one has to understand the methods one uses. My view on professional help is that,...
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...| Personal Theory of Counseling:Applying Cognitive Therapy to the Case of Donetta | | | Background The theory of cognitive therapy resonates with me because of my personal belief in the power of the mind. It is my opinion that without the process of changing mindset, behaviors will not change. The mind has control over every single action and tells your entire being how to respond in every single situation. As stated in the Corey (2009) text, I believe that people with emotional difficulties often times tend to “commit characteristic logical errors that tilt objective reality in the direction of self-deprecation” (p. 288). Through my own therapy experience I came to understand the connection between my thinking, my feelings and my actions. I learned to identify distorted thinking, engage in realistic thinking, and to employ problem-solving and coping skills. This method helped me through my own difficult times and therefore I know it works and would like to help others through its use. View of Human Nature People possess faulty beliefs and maladaptive information processing (automatic thoughts) which can lead to cognitive distortions and depression (Chadwick, 1994). In cognitive therapy clients learn to identify these distorted cognitions through evaluation. Corey states (2009) that once clients gain insight into how these unrealistically negative thoughts affect them, their feelings, and behaviors; they can begin to “use their automatic thoughts to...
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...Psychotherapies Analysis Donnette Morris BEH/225 03/25/2016 Graciela Pulliam In this paper I will summarize three psychotherapies the main tenants of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders and their strengths. The psychotherapies that will be discussed in this essay are client centered therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Psychotherapies are classified as either insight, action or both which describes ultimate goal of the therapy. Insight refers to the therapies goal to bring clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Action refers to therapies designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, habits, feelings, or behavior, without seeking insight into their origins or meanings (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Psychotherapies can be classified as directive, non-directive or both referring to the role of the therapist. Directive refers to the therapist providing strong guidance and advice. Non-directive refers to the therapist merely assisting clients, who are responsible for solving their own problems. Psychotherapy may involve individual counseling, group or both (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Client centered therapy is considered part of the humanistic school of therapy. Client centered therapy is classified as nondirective based on the insights from conscious thoughts and feelings. It can involve individuals or groups. Carl Rogers believed that...
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...Darrell Woodfork BSHS/311- Models of Effective Helping Instructor: Michael Phillips Date: 8/5/2013 Site Visit Essay Paper Site Visit Essay Paper Cognitive behavioral techniques are used during a counseling session in a hospital or office setting by therapist. Although I was unable to do a current Site visit to a human service department of a company to write my report, I do know from my own experience some things pertaining to programs that employ behavioral or genitive intervention and or models. In this paper I will attempt to explore some areas within a cognitive intervention such as: • What population participates in the program? • Who presents the program? • How the effectiveness of the intervention is measured • How do they determine a need for the program? • Do they have plans for other programs that use behavioral models and techniques? • What other models and theories are represented in their programs. As we look into the population of participants, it ranges based on the type of behavior being addressed, intervention and motivation strategies. Last year, when I attended my counseling session, it was held in a group session with different people of all ages. This particular group session addressed issues of anxiety and depression. I quickly learned that many people have issues with anxiety and depression, yet they are hesitant to get counseling to change the behavior. Although...
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...Such Negative Thoughts? PY3103: Psychopathology Syed Mohammad Alwi Aidid James Cook University (Singapore) 12717347 Tutorial C Abstract Ruminative thinking has been found to be one of the most common symptoms in patients suffering from unipolar depression due to their tendency to reflect upon themselves negatively. In this essay, the manner in which this thinking pattern has been found to worsen patients’ depressed condition is further investigated. Subsequently, a large part of it will explore research on two forms of treatment that have been tested for its work with depressive rumination, specifically, metacognitive therapy, which seeks to removing patients’ Cognitive Attentional Syndrome and alter their metacognitive beliefs, and rumination-focused cognitive behaviour therapy, that aims to help reduce maladaptive ruminative styles and helping patients adopt a more concrete, process-driven and specific style of thinking instead. Finally, a potential avenue for treating depressed patients’ ruminative thinking patterns, imagery is investigated further. Key words: rumination, unipolar depression, metacognitive therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, imagery restructuring, treatment. Depression is a highly common illness, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that, as of 2012, 350 million people are afflicted by it worldwide (World Health Organization, 2012). There are many different subtypes of this illness, one of which is unipolar depression. Also known as...
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...Theories in Psychology Unit One Individual Project SSCI206-1204A-13 August 25, 2012 Abstract This essay will analyze main theories of psychology in today’s world. Each generation develops a technique that makes diagnosis of a patient easier. The following essay will focus on three of the key theories used today. References will follow the body of the essay to back up any information used from a source. Theories in Psychology Emily Dickenson once said, “The brain is wider than the sky." In today’s society with technology thriving and medical advancements around every corner, the sky is the limit where psychology is concern. There are new theories being proved true on a daily basis. The following text will have three of the many theories proved to be true over the centuries before us. Psychodynamic Theory Psychodynamic is defined as an interaction between conscious and unconscious mental states. This will affect the personality, attitude and behavior patterns in a person (Definition of Psychodynamic, 2000). In recent studies, the military psychologists have been using this theory on PTSD patients just coming home from war. This theory and its techniques are implemented over several sessions and the patient is evaluated over time to see how effective the treatment plan has worked (Tull, M., Ph.D., 2012, January 29). The process of psychodynamic therapy can often be stressful on the patient but with the right doctor, those stressful feelings can be redirected to a better...
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...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...(Sparks, Duncan & Field, 2008). The years prior to psychotherapy’s birth were dominated by psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches and its practice was largely restricted to physicians (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013). Psychotherapy’s arrival was not unnoticed from opposing schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical summaries of empirical data (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24) Meta-analysis is just that a mathematical technique that is frequently used to produce estimates of the size of any treatment effects (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24). In applying...
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...Introduction This essay will reflect on counselling, and include what I think that is, and how it differs from other forms of helping. I will analyse and compare the different types of counselling, giving specific examples of how they vary from each other. This essay will also evaluate some of my personal experiences of having professional counselling which will enable the reader to gain an authentic perspective from the clients viewpoint. This essay will also state some of my own perspectives on what counselling is and what counselling has done for me personally. I will also demonstrate my understanding of the laws and legal implications of counselling Counselling can be a complex and abstract subject. Everyone has their own opinions on what counselling is. I am currently a student at Ty Elis training to be an integrative counsellor. This means that the therapist uses an approach which uses element from different forms of counselling and psychotherapy. After being a client and receiving personal therapy for a period of 18 months and now having started training to be a therapist myself, my own views on counselling have changed considerably. The BACP defines counselling as “Counselling and psychotherapy are umbrella terms that cover a range of talking therapies. They are delivered by trained practitioners who work with people over a short or long term to help them bring about effective or enhance their wellbeing”. Before I explain the different types of counselling...
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