...profitable? An industry analysis through Porter’s Five Forces reveals that market forces are favorable for profitability. Defining the industry: Both concentrate producers (CP) and bottlers are profitable. These two parts of the industry are extremely interdependent, sharing costs in procurement, production, marketing and distribution. Many of their functions overlap; for instance, CPs do some bottling, and bottlers conduct many promotional activities. The industry is already vertically integrated to some extent. They also deal with similar suppliers and buyers. Entry into the industry would involve developing operations in either or both disciplines. Beverage substitutes would threaten both CPs and their associated bottlers. Because of operational overlap and similarities in their market environment, we can include both CPs and bottlers in our definition of the soft drink industry. In 1993, CPs earned 29% pretax profits on their sales, while bottlers earned 9% profits on their sales, for a total industry profitability of 14% (Exhibit 1). This industry as a whole generates positive economic profits. Rivalry: Revenues are extremely concentrated in this industry, with Coke and Pepsi, together with their associated bottlers, commanding 73% of the case market in 1994. Adding in the next tier of soft drink companies, the top six controlled 89% of the market. In fact, one could characterize the soft drink market as an oligopoly, or even a duopoly between Coke and Pepsi, resulting in positive...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary pg. 3 Pepsi vs. Coke pg. 4 Pepsi vs. Dr. Pepper pg. 6 Pepsi vs. Kraft pg. 9 Recommendation and Conclusion pg. 11 Appendix pg. 12 Executive Summary PepsiCo, Inc is the result of a merger between Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Pepsi-Cola was originated by a pharmacist, Caleb Bradham, in the late 1890's; Frito-Lay was established in 1961 by a merger between the Frito Company and the H.W Lay company. The major products of PepsiCo, Inc include, but are not limited to, Pepsi-Cola (est. 1898), Diet Pepsi (est. 1964) and Mountain Dew (est. 1948). PepsiCo boasts several global brands including, Pepsi, Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Lays, and Tropicana. A vast portfolio allows PepsiCo to provide more choices for customers, and drive lower costs, productivity enhancements and new capabilities. Their products are available globally and the portfolio includes 22 brands that generates more than $1 billion in estimated annual...
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...| 9/26/2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | Coke vs PepsiWeek 5 Case Study | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Artesia Stivison, Robert Higdem & Rocky Edmondson | Coke vs Pepsi Week 5 Case Study Question #1 Question #2 Question #3 Question #4 Can you make poor investment decisions and be profitable? What evidence do you see from the companies’ results that indicate how well they made investment decisions (capital budgeting). A company can make poor investment decisions and still remain profitable, but only for a time. A company cannot continually make poor investment decisions and remain profitable forever. When looking at the Coke vs Pepsi case study, we find that Doug Ivester, then CEO of Coke, made a bad investment decision when he chose to increase the rate charged for syrup to franchisers. As a result, bottlers raised prices to improve profitability, and in turn there was a decrease in overall sales volume. During the time Ivester was CEO, the net income for Coke fell 41% and he ended up without a job. Had this been a trend that continued, Coke would have been out of business, but they rebounded and remain profitable. This example shows that a company can make a bad decision and continue to be profitable in the long run. But, repeat bad investment decisions and a company will go broke. Question #5 How does WACC change over time? What do you think might drive the changes? WACC...
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...Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century The Soft Drink industry has been assigned as the vehicle for tackling the topic of industry analysis and competitive dynamics. The case covers developments in the soft drink industry through 1993. It describes how the industry evolved into its current structure largely following Coca-Cola’s leadership. What is particularly interesting is determining why the major competitors in the industry have been able to earn above normal returns for close to 100 years, and why the industry is organized the way it is. The case allows us to analyze how the actions and reactions of competitors over time work to create their own industry structure. The case also allows us to examine how prior strategic commitments to particular strategies create competitive positions, which in turn constrain the future competitive moves of firms. Since competitive positioning determines a firm’s long-run performance, we need to thoroughly grasp the essentials of what makes some competitive positions and competitive strategies more viable, and others not, and why. Case Analysis of Cola Wars Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century 1. Why has the soft drink industry been so profitable? a. Since 1970 consumption grew by an average of 3% b. From 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi achieve average annual growth of around 10% c. American’s drank more soda than any other beverage d. Head-to-Head Competition between both Coke and Pepsi reinforced...
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...Coke or Pepsi, what would you choose? xxxxxx XACC/280 xxxxxx teacher name Everyone in the civilized world recognizes two companies as kings of the soda pop, Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola. These two companies have battled for over one hundred years to be top dog in the beverage business. In 2005, Coca-Cola (Coke) led the race by just over 7% in net income over Pepsi-Co (Pepsi). This essay will compare these two beverage giants side by side and analyze the financial statements of both as well as making suggestions about ways the each company may be able to improve their earnings. Pepsi-Cola was born in North Carolina, in 1898, as the invention of a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham. He put together various combinations of juices, syrups, and spices to try to come up with a new drink to serve to his customers at the soda fountain in his pharmacy. His drink, originally called “Brad’s drink” was soon renamed Pepsi-Cola (using a combination of the names of two of the ingredients Pepsin and Kola nuts). The drink was incredibly successful and soon took off beyond Bradham’s wildest expectations. In 1902, the Pepsi-Cola company was officially formed and the brand was patented. The beverage quickly moved from a soda fountain product to a bottled beverage (PepsiCo, Inc, 2010). The second half of this duo is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola was invented in 1886, twelve years before Pepsi. It was created by Doctor John Pemberton, also a pharmacist...
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...marketing has many dimensions. Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola Companies have chosen to be socially conscious through their marketing efforts to improve its positive effects on society and reduce it negative effects through the way they manage brands, marketing strategy, positioning strategies and how they market to their consumers while striving for prosperity. How Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola Company does advances and manages its brand? According to Ahmet, C Bozer, president of the Coca-Cola Company’s Eurasia and Africa Group, states in the article, “How Coca-Cola Manages 90 Emerging Markets” that Coca Cola advances and manages its brand by finding the right mix. Coca Cola is a global company, therefore, it is important the brand is relevant locally also. To do this is to treat each country differently, while keeping and communicating the same message and brand architecture (www.coca cola.com). Pepsi Cola’s plan for how the company advances and manages its brand, is similar to Coca Cola, in that Pepsi Cola is also global and maintaining relevance locally and globally in products that appeal to local tastes and needs, and also working with local supply chain and encouraging people to live balance and healthy lives (www.Pepsi Cola.com). Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola Company marketing strategy In reading the 60 marketer, Coke vs. Pepsi: Why Coke is a More Valuable Brand than Pepsi, the founder, Jamie Turner states that when you think about Coke you think of more grounded traditions, like...
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...Financial Analysis: Coke vs Pepsi Computed 2009 Ratios and Commentaries (see table) Coke has higher operating and profit margin compared to Pepsi. The share price of Coke reflects a higher Price to Earnings ratio 18.4x compared to Pepsi 14.2x. This is likely due to the equity market having more confidence in the continuation and sustainability of Coke’s earnings than Pepsi. However, the equity market had priced a discount on Coke’s market capital structure compared to Pepsi. This can be seen from the market to book ratio where investors value Pepsi's balance sheet structure more than Coke. Pepsi is priced 5.5x of equity value compared to Coke which is priced only at 5x. Having a higher operating and profit margin, Coke is more likely to be able to sustain any shocks in the market (eg. from lower sales). The sustainability of Coke’s earnings are also helped by more efficient tax structure seen from lower effective tax rate compared to Pepsi. Its Selling General Administration expenses are also within the industry norm (compared to Pepsi). Coke’s has room to further improve its efficiency by improving its balance sheet structure. This includes a more efficient use working capital (eg. reducing receivables and inventory days), using higher leverage to attain higher return on equity and optimizing/sweating the assets more to generate higher asset turnover. Coke’s acquisition is substantially cashless. It exchanged $3.4bn of equity investment it had in CCE and...
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...| Coca-Cola Versus Pepsi | The Coke Wars Financial Analysis | | Accounting 557: Financial Accounting Sumadi, Mohammad | | 12/15/2012 | | Possibly one of the biggest rivals in Corporate America today, the battle between Coca-Cola (KO) and PepsiCo (PEP) continues to baffle not only consumers but investors as well in determining which product is a better buy. While both companies have had recent problems in emerging nations such as India by having their products be condemned for improper ingredients, a shakeup like this might be necessary to promote future growth for possibly undersold equities. Coca-Cola Company is the world's leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, with world headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. In May, 1886, Coca Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. John Pemberton concocted the Coca Cola formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard. The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886.About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss...
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...Managerial Economics Coke vs. Pepsi: An Economic Analysis Rebecca Simmons Managerial Economics Dr Sol Drescher December 4, 2012 Executive Summary In this case study we will do an economic analysis of two major competitors; Coke® and Pepsi®. We will look at the history of these to competitive giants and discuss how they have evolved over the years to become rivals in the 21st Century. In this case study we will also look at the supply and demand of each company’s products. Coke and Pepsi are not only in the beverage business they have branched out into other arenas to continue being the leaders in their market. Both companies do business all over the world; we will also look at how they size up internationally as well as nationally. We will look at production and cost in the short run and long run by analyzing each company economically. Each company has foreta where they will be financially in the 21st Century and in this analysis we will calculate if they have forecasted close to where they are today. Management is a big part of the success of large firms such as Coke and Pepsi so we will look at the management styles of each one. By looking at management will analyze the strategic decision making of each firm and note any issues they have had in the past or present with upper management. Finally strategic decisions in oligopoly markets with regards to profit maximization is vital to the...
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...Forces Analysis October 18, 2007 Posted by goutham in case studies. trackback 1. Soft Drink Industry Five Forces Analysis: Soft drink industry is very profitable, more so for the concentrate producers than the bottler’s. This is surprising considering the fact that product sold is a commodity which can even be produced easily. There are several reasons for this, using the five forces analysis we can clearly demonstrate how each force contributes the profitability of the industry. Barriers to Entry: The several factors that make it very difficult for the competition to enter the soft drink market include: * Bottling Network: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to distribute their product. The other approach to try and build their bottling plants would be very capital-intensive effort with new efficient plant capital requirements in 1998 being $75 million. * Advertising Spend: The advertising and marketing spend (Case Exhibit 5 & 6) in the industry is in 2000 was around $ 2.6 billion (0.40 per case * 6.6 billion cases) mainly by Coke, Pepsi...
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...Investment Analysis for Pepsi versus Coca Cola ACC557 – Financial Accounting December 13, 2012 Company Synopsis Pepsi Cola | Coca-Cola | The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. (PBG) is the world's largest manufacturer, seller, and distributor of Pepsi-Cola beverages. Separated from parent PepsiCo, Inc. in 1999, it accounted that year for 55 percent of Pepsi-Cola beverages sold in the United States and 32 percent worldwide. The company delivers its products directly to stores without using wholesalers or other middlemen. In addition to its extensive production and distribution facilities, PBG leases and operates about 20,000 vehicles and owns more than 1.1 million soft drink dispensing and vending machines. PepsiCo holds a controlling interest in the firm. | The Coca Cola history extends back to 1885, when John Pemberton invented the original recipe for a new cocawine. Pemberton developed Coca-Cola, a non-alcoholic version of his original cocawine, when Fulton County passed prohibition legislation. Carbonated water was added later by accident when Pemberton was mixing drinks for a friend and incidentally included it. His friends loved the new taste, so he altered the original formula to incorporate it. | Pepsi - International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 40. St. James Press, 2001. (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-pepsi-bottling-group-inc-history/). Major Suppliers Pepsi Cola | Coca-Cola | PolandEgyptUnited Arab EmiratesCanada | Poland...
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...CASE STUDY : COLA WARS CONTINUE : COKE AND PEPSI IN 2006 The case study “Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2006” focuses on describing Coke and Pepsi within the CSD industry by providing detailed statements about the companies’ accounts and strategies to increase their market share. ‘ Cola war’ is the term used to describe the campaign of mutually targeted television advertisement & marketing campaigns between Coke & Pepsi. Furthermore, the case also focuses on the Coke vs. Pepsi goods which target similar groups of costumers, and how these companies have had and still have great reputation and continue to take risks due to their high capital. Both Coke & Pepsi have segmented the soft drink industry into two divisions, via – 1.Production of soft drink syrup. 2.Manufacturing & distribution of soft drinks at retail level. Coke & Pepsi have chosen to operate primarily on the production of soft drinks syrup,while leaving independent bottlers with more competitive segment of the industry.The purpose of this report is to gain insight into the possible strategies that can be applied, in order to expand the overall throat share in the future. History revealed that a highly competitive strategy that was utilized in the past by both companies resulted in cannibalization. Because of this, the report is described from the perspective of both Coca-Cola and Pepsi. This report focuses on increasing the overall share and finding new opportunities in the unrevealed...
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...Detailed 4P analysis and Competitive environment (Do NOT use a SWOT) This may be presented as multiple sections, but the key is to go into detail on breaking down all relevant aspects of the four Ps as well as how each competitor’s mix is the same or differs. Be sure to go into detail about which products are REALLY the primary competition (have the same targets) and which are lesser competitors and why. How do they address the target, what is the share (if possible, if not try to infer it from other data), how do they compete on price and quality elements? Keep in mind that there is no way to understand the competitive environment if you don’t know your product’s position and the position of its competitors in terms of relevant characteristics including its competitive advantages and disadvantages and its position in all aspects of the four Ps. Place The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company with more than 500 brands. They are the number one provider of sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink coffees, and juices/juice drinks. They also sport the world’s largest beverage distribution system that distributes in more than 200 countries. Coke Drinks are sold in convenience stores, Price In 2012, The Coca-Cola Company had a net operating revenue of $48,017,000, a 3% increase from 2011’s sales, which were $46,542,000. This is more than thirty percent of their net operating revenue in 2010. ( , 2012) This is due to the fact that Coke-a-Cole offers not...
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...Background For over a century, Coca-Cola and Pepsi- Cola vied for “throat share” of the world’s beverage market. In a “ carefully-waged competitive struggle”, from 1975 to 1995, both Coke and Pepsi achieved annual growth of around 10%; this was largely attributed to the effectiveness of their marketing efforts. Analyzing the environment and understanding the market Instead of engaging in a “head-on confrontation” and getting involved in the largely dreaded price wars that promise to inflict much impact on the financials of both parties, both companies would always select customers that it can serve well and profitably. For instance, Pepsi “[is] going after the younger consumer… where the profits are”. This is an illustration of concentrated marketing, which has been Pepsi’s strategy since 1970s. It allowed Pepsi to gain a better foothold against Coca-Cola, the market giant, and eventually grew into a stronger competitor. Till now, Pepsi still practices demographic segmentation where it divides the market into smaller groups of customers in accordance to their age. They then targeted the niche group, youths or Generation X, whom Pepsi has always believe that it is the group with better segment structural attractiveness. Teenagers have distinct and unique behaviors such as “purchasing a single-serve product at a convenience store like 7-11”, thus when Pepsi offers such convenience services, it has created a loyal base of young customer who are the largest consumer market...
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...strategy of Coca-cola and Pepsi over 100 years of rivalry. New challenges of the 21st century included boosting flagging domestic cola sales and finding new revenue streams. Both firms also began to modify their bottling, pricing, and brand strategies. They looked to emerging international markets to fuel growth and broaden their brand portfolios to include noncarbonated beverages like tea, juice, sports drinks, and bottled water. For over a century, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola had vied for the "throat share" of the world's beverage market. The most intense battles of the cola wars were fought over the $60 billion industry in the United States, where the average American consumes 53 gallons of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) per year. In a "carefully waged competitive struggle," from 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi had achieved average annual growth of around 10% as both U.S. and worldwide CSD consumption consistently rose. This cozy situation was threatened in the late 1990s, however, when U.S. CSD consumption dropped for two consecutive years and worldwide shipments slowed for both Coke and Pepsi. The case considers whether Coke's and Pepsi's era of sustained growth and profitability was coming to a close or whether this apparent slowdown was just another blip in the course of a century of enviable performance. A rewritten version of an earlier case by Michael E. Porter and David B. Yoffie. Essay: The case study “Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century”...
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