...Pay to Play: Economic Impact of Paying College Athletes 1. Purpose of Research & Analysis On April 25, 2014, the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C., granted Northwestern University's request to review the decision made by the regional office recognizing the school's football players as employees. In mid-April, Northwestern football players voted as a team on whether or not to unionize, but the votes will only be opened if the board ends up siding with the players, which may take at least a couple of months. Ultimately, the Northwestern football players are determining their fate through this secret ballot and their decision to form the first union amongst college athletes—a decision that has the ability to change the landscape of American college sports. If granted the right to unionize, the Northwestern football team will actually have the ability to bargain over their conditions and it is expected that this could ultimately lead to requesting salary compensation for their efforts. In light of these recent historic discussions, it is critical to analyze not only the ethical, but also the economic impact of such potential situations. My research paper has been structured to shed some light into the challenging and complicated discussions that continue to occur around this topic. Specifically, I have broken my research and analysis into three key topics. First, I explore whether or not there is an underlying issue with the current state, from an economic perspective...
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...Social Responsibility of, “Is it moral for the University of Notre Dame to pay their college football players?” CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used this data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: Jill Burgess *************************************************************** Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: Table of Contents Introduction Many students who are currently active players for their university's football team are struggling to make ends meet. They simply don't have the funds to buy new clothes, tools for education, or even food not supplied by the university. To make matters worse, the NCAA has created policies restricting players from pursuing avenues of being compensated for services. These policies make living situations for many of the players very uncomfortable. In business, there are unions who protect employees from abuse and unfair treatment in the workplace. Unfortunately for the players, there isn't any one privatized union representing the best interest of student-athletes. Private interest groups exercise most efforts toward the rights of players, and player...
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...The Effects of Academic Clustering and Anxiety on College Athletes Performance Corey Darnell Rolling Northern Illinois University The Effects of Academic Clustering and Anxiety on College Athletes Performance Significance of Problem In the past 30 years, college athletics has grown into a big business. With sponsorships from top tier athletic brands and broadcasting deals with major television station such as American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television station. The ability to recruit the best of the best athletes has resulted in millions of dollars of revenue for the university. Universities like Arkansas, Ole Miss and LSU, are identified by their athletic programs solely. Although these universities may have top...
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...A Conceptual Model of Academic Success for Student-Athletes Summary Student-athletes are a nontraditional group burdened with many demands and expectations. Collegiate sports are a popular mass commercial form of entertainment and generate millions of dollars. NCAA Division 1 sports generated 751 million dollars in revenue this year at the expense of student-athletes’ academic goals. Graduation rates for athletes are lower than traditional groups. Support services have not consistently or effectively enhanced learning and personal development of student-athletes. Analysis Athletes spend 40 hours a week on sport related activities decreasing time for academic pursuits and productive activities. This time is spent with other athletes and coaching staff which impairs personal development and social integration. The rigorous schedule leads to physical exhaustion and nagging injuries. This hampers attention to educational pursuits and goal attainment. Educational Importance Colleges and universities have a duty to provide the best educational experience possible for its students. Education should not take a backseat to sports on campuses across the country. Individual, multilevel, and culturally relevant curriculum and programs should be developed to promote personal, social, and academic success for student-athletes. These programs need to ensure that athletes can compete not just in sports but in life. Reference Comeaux, E. & Harrison, K. (2011). A conceptual...
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...Academic Performances of Pacians Student Athletes and Non-Athletes as Influenced by their Study Habits CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION “Learning by Doing” John Dewey “How do study habits affect academic performance?” It is a positive statement when one says that man of modern society is so advanced in education, but won’t mind nor think about what steps he could make or trace what good he could do for his fellowmen. Students are the most essential assets for any educational institute. The social and economic development of the country is directly linked with student academic performance. The student’s performances place an important role in producing the best quality graduates who will become great leader and manpower for the country, thus, responsible for the country’s economic and social development. So, the parent and guardians must do their responsibilities and roles to give what they need in education. Study Habit is the act of devoting time and attention to gaining knowledge usually done regularly. Student grades are one of the primary indicators of such learning. And the extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. If a student earns better or high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while poor or low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that affects the grades of students;...
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...| College Football and Pay for Play | | | | | | Introduction “The rising dollar value of the exploitation of athletes is obscene, is out of control.” -Roger Noll, Economics Professor Emeritus, Stanford The whole purpose in researching this topic was based on the fact that the researcher is a fan of college sports, football and basketball especially. As the researcher has grown into adulthood and come to understand that with most things in life, it’s all about business in some form or fashion. So with that being said, as in any business situation, laborers get paid for revenue they work to produce. “The NCAA's current men's basketball tournament agreement with CBS and Turner is worth an average of more than $770 million per year, and the current Bowl Championship Series television deal – money that goes to conferences and then is distributed to schools, with no NCAA involvement – is worth $180 million per year. The new college football playoff, which starts in the 2014 season, will be worth about $470 million annually to the conferences.” (Cohen & Russo, 2013) This is money that is created through the blood, sweat, and tears of the athletes. On multiple occasions, the researcher has participated in and listened to many arguments on how a scholarship is equal enough payment for student-athletes. The researcher has always found that theory to have a multitude of flaws though, and that’s mainly because common knowledge tends to show that things...
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...sports, but since Title IX was passed there has been a gradual increase in male coaches in women’s sports. Studies have shown that approximately 71% of female athletes prefer a male coach (Lirgg, Dibrezzo, & Smith, 1994). In the studies discussed in the review of literature, researchers chose to focus on determining female athletes’ opinions and experiences when being coached by a male coach. However, there is limited research on this topic. Therefore, this study will further analyze the different reasons why female athletes prefer to be coached by a male coach. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to research why female athletes prefer male coaches. The study will analyze the different reasons for female athletes preferring male coaches. This study will contain only college female athletes. Significance of Study The significance of this study is to show why 71% of female athletes prefer a male coach (Lirgg, Dibrezzo, & Smith, 1994). If athletic directors knew exactly what female athletes were looking for in a coach, then it would help them determine who to hire for that position. With the right coach, players could be more motivated to perform at their highest level, which could translate into a successful season. Hypothesis In this study it is hypothesized that female athletes will prefer being...
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...Review of Economic Policy. 22 (4): 457. EconLit. Boston College. < http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org.proxy.bc.edu//cgi/reprint/22/4/457>. The authors of the source found in a distinguished academic journal performed research on work-life balance and its effects on productivity. An organizational point of view is offered. Since most college teams are considered organizations, the source is applicable to the business side of the conflicts student athletes’ experience. The data that is collected and analyzed is from international firms. This perspective provides insight into how work-life balance affects more than the athletes, but the organizations they represent. 2. Bowen, G. William; Shulman, James L. 2001. The game of life: college sports and educational values. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. The source argues that society has developed college athletics into a marketable organization. This argument translates suggests that student athletes can be viewed as employees who have work-life balance conflicts. Their work is associated with their athletic development, and their life is the activities engaged in as students. It argues, agreeing with the Sperber source, that student athletes are more entertainers than students. They are used to earn the college revenue from fan attendance and increased admission applications due to the college’s athletic glory. The source also defends athletes’ significantly lower academic standings and resulting academic...
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...Fighters. I remember how many of them fought for a better life for themselves, I just met them halfway” (Jenkins & Summitt, 2013). The importance of a player and coach relationship in the athletes’ athletic and academic objectives is exemplified in this quote. Countless student-athletes begin their careers with aspirations of becoming professionals, and desire a coach who will help them achieve this goal. Disregarding student athletes’ aspirations, in a recent NCAA report, only 19.1 percent of men’s basketball players play professionally, with only 1.1 percent of those playing in the National Basketball...
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...The Power of the NCAA Abstract The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a very powerful entity. The NCAA men’s basketball tournament receives more advertising dollars and has higher ratings then the Super Bowl and the World Series. This paper discusses various other papers all dealing with different aspects of this NCAA entity and the cultural, economic and social impact the NCAA has on the modern education system. These topics include an analysis of NCAA tournament broadcasts and the influence the TV industry has on what people view, the impact of facilities to recruit high quality athletes, as well as a cost-benefit analysis of university’s scholarship system. These issues, among others, affect every college student, not just student-athletes as well as tax-payers, professors and alumni. The Power of the NCAA As a father of a high school student-athlete that is being recruited by Division I universities I felt the need to research the process and the entities involved at a deeper level. The five articles I chose helped me understand the recruitment process and the logic behind it as well as the influence the athletic departments have over every school. Division I athletic departments are either the largest or second largest buildings on each campus as far as operations (Southall et al.). One major concern with the amount of influence the NCAA has in the community is that after their big national tournament in 2006, a representative...
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...Play: An Ethical Analysis of the Student-Athlete Compensation Dilemma Group 2: Julie Burnett Christopher Fincham Revati Kailasam Catherine Kondo Teresa Seim Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Andrew Dill ACG 6835 Fall 2013 Introduction The college sports industry is a large industry in America which is estimated to produce $797 million dollars for the 2012-13 season (NCAA). Of these millions, not one penny will go to any of the 400,000 plus college athletes under NCAA rules (NCAA). This however, was not always the case. Prior to the formation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1906, student groups frequently hired players without the stipulation that they must also be students at the university (NCAA). Due to these circumstances and poorly regulated play that often led to injuries, the NCAA was established to provide a safe and fair ‘playing field’ for student-athletes. However, today this regulatory board is not seen as beneficial by all members of society, and is especially negatively scrutinized by top performing student-athletes. In 2005, NCAA Football had an estimated total attendance of over 43 million compared to the NFL of over 17 million, while NCAA Basketball had estimated total attendance of over 30 million compared to the NBA of over 21 million (Humphys, 2008). Despite having more viewers, college athletes received no pay while professional players earned millions. This has prompted college athletes to argue that the...
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...Should Athletes be Screened Better for Heart Defects? By Margaret Anne Rich A Research Project Proposal Submitted to the Graduate School of Northwestern State University of Louisiana In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Health and Human Performance With concentration in Sport Administration April 2013 Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine if college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects develop a heart defect during their athletic career. The researcher will conduct a causal comparative study to prove that college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects develop one during their athletic career. The study will examine college athletes that are predisposed to heart defects and do not realize they are at risk for possible development of a heart defect during their athletic career. Knowing an athlete’s family and medical history could help prevent a great deal of possible health conditions. Athletes have a higher risk of developing a higher risk if they are predisposed. There are athletes that do not realize that they are predisposed to heart defects and that they could develop one. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Background 5 Theoretical Framework 6 Statement of the problem. 6 Research question. 6 Purpose for the study. 7 Significance 7 Limitations of the Study 7 Definitions of Terms 8 Arrhythmias 8 Athletic Career 8 Electrocardiogram 8 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:...
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...Academic Motivation of College Athletes & the Influence of Athletic Scholarships Abstract The purpose of this research was to examine whether scholarship play a role in academic success by identifying the motivation of the students toward their classes and the influences of being an athlete. The identification was investigated using surveys and interviews. Most college athletes made it clear that their motivation academically comes from their concern about a successful future. A successful future in this place is having a good job, earn good money and have a successful business. As if they were to fail in sports, they would still be able to make a good life with their records in academic fields. So their first priority is a good academic status. The results also identified how being an athlete could hurt them academically. Introduction I decided to do this research because I’m interested in getting a scholarship to play basketball and I would like to know how things work and could possibly affect my academic performances at that point. Scholarship athletes are expected to work hard and dedicate more time than the walk-in or try-out players because they need to maintain their good performance to keep their scholarships. I’m studying in Thailand as a 10th grader. I started playing basketball a couple years ago. At first I was just playing for fun and exercise, but since I was asked to join my varsity team, I started to like the game more. My love to game developed...
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...Student Athletes The word student-athlete refers to a student who is playing a sport in college and receiving scholarships in return. On the surface, most people sees great athletes getting a free education, but they deserve more than just free education such as extra rewards and benefits since the college, the conferences and the NCAA are making billions of dollars off of them. To be in a nationally televised game or making deep runs in tournaments can bring in a lot of money for the colleges and universities. But the colleges and the sponsors collect all of the profits and not a single penny goes to the student-athlete and that is unfair. Colleges and the NCAA are making these students basically their unpaid employees. The student-athlete put so much work into the current sport they are playing, in return they get nothing. In my opinion, the student athletes should get a stipend with the scholarship they are getting. The system of college sports is at fault; the student-athletes are making colleges and private companies billions of dollars while not getting anything for themselves. People do not see that the student-athletes have to go practice every day and only have a little time to study. According to Amy McCormick, a law professor at Michigan State, "Athletes don't have free choice of what major they take if the classes conflict with practice schedules. That’s one fact that flies in the face of the idea that they're primarily students and secondarily athletes” (Cooper...
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...PSYC 460 Full Class Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-460-full-class/ PSYC 460 Forum Week 1 Personal Introduction PSYC 460 Forum Week 2 Achievement Motivation PSYC 460 Forum Week 3 Do you tend to be an individual that struggles with stress and anxiety? If not, explain your general arousal personality. What are possible factors that influence your arousal, stress, and anxiety status before an event? What are strategies that you can apply to reduce stress and anxiety and maintain appropriate arousal levels? PSYC 460 Forum Week 4 Ways to enhance social support Ways to increase proximity Ways to increase group distinctiveness Ways to create a perception of fairness Ways to increase similarity PSYC 460 Forum Week 5 Psychology Skills Training PSYC 460 Forum Week 6 Goal-Setting PSYC 460 Forum Week 7 Exercise and Psychology Well-being PSYC 460 Forum Week 8 Part 1: Young athletes participate in and discontinue sport programs for a variety of reasons. Stress can also significantly affect a young athlete's sport participation. Addictive behaviors can influence both participation and performance. In this activity, you'll reflect on your childhood youth sport experiences and determine what factors played a role in your decision to participate in and discontinue participation in a youth sport program. Part 2: Stress and addictive behaviors can have a significant impact on youth sport participants. To help them cope with stress...
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