...The nature and character of all the colonies were that they were short on supplies and all of them were focused on surviving in the New World. The colonies had goals and desires but were different in the ways they went about obtaining them. They all wanted to set up common ground, make rules for their region,and to start trading so they could make a living. In Virginia when they lost Captain John Smith and went through the starving time was an extremely rough period. Most of the settlers were struck with illness and had to turn to cannibalism just to survive. They realized eventually that things were not going to get easier so they started to work together to set up laws and became religious to provide a more stable environment. In Massachusetts Bay the Puritans were led by John Winthrop who was well prepared, organized, and a Godly man.They also were in search of establishing a settlement pleasing to God rather than being in search of wealth like other colonies. I believe those are the reasons that the Puritans did not have the same problems the settlers in Virginia had. Another reason for their success was : " On board the ship Arabella, Winthrop delivered a sermon, called 'A Model of Christian Charity,' ". This sermon set up the mandate for the settlers to serve as an example for the rest of the New World. The Province of Maryland was more focused on trading tobacco,meats, and furs with Europe and other countries to make a profit. Eventually they became more religious...
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...Bacon’s Rebellion [Instructor’s name] [Class Title] [Date] Bacon’s Rebellion Introduction The historical event discussed in this paper is Bacon’s rebellion. Bacon’s rebellion was an uprising in colonial Virginia in North America that took place in 1676. The rebellion was considered first in history. It was among the first uprising against British authority by the colony and it was the first event that Blacks and Whites, rich and poor, grouped together under one cause. The rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon, an Englishman who had recently settled in the Virginia Colony[1]. Background Nathaniel Bacon He had extreme animosity towards Indians-hostile and friendly alike- and developed a worldview that all Indians must be wiped out in Virginia. Nathaniel Bacon was a wealthy 29 year old painter. He was a council at the governor’s office. He rose up as a leader of a group of freeholders (men who own lands and all immovable structures attached to the lands), who wanted to drive-out all the Indians in Virginia[2]. In 1674, these freeholders demanded that Indians should leave treaty protected lands or be killed. This group targeted all Indians, whether friendly or not, thus they are actually starting all out war against Indians. Hostility between Indians and the Free Holders broke out when Doeg Indians raided the farm of one of the Free Holders and stole a number of pigs. The raid was said to be a retaliatory attack by the Indians...
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...For instance, the role of women was a missing essential in colonial Virginia during 1622. Tobacco was considered Virginia’s substitute for gold and potentially its largest financial profits (Give Me Liberty, p. 61). However, the conditions of this industry were harsh and both death rates and labor demand ran high, leaving the colony of mostly widows, orphans, and single men (Give Me Liberty, p. 61). Lacking a complete English social structure, women were considerably outnumbered in the Chesapeake, for it was mostly men maintaining the tobacco fields. The Virginia Colony insisted on the shipment of maidens from England to the Virginia. However, they implied that women marry only free and independent colonists who were to provide in payment for their wives in 120 lbs. of fine leaf tobacco (Voices of Freedom, Sending Women to Virginia, p. 26). Consider the excerpt from the document Sending Women to Virginia, “There are near fifty more which are shortly to come, are sent by our most honorable Lord and Treasurer the Earl of Southhampton and certain worthy gentlemen, who taking into their consideration that the Plantation can never flourish till the families be planted and the respect of wives and children fix the people on the soil,” (Voices of Freedom, Sending Women to Virginia, p.26). The quote implies that the role of women is a key component to the growth of...
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...The Ohio State University, History Dept. Colonial Virginia’s Culture during the French and Indian War: 1755-1756 John Rodock History 3011 Emily Arendt Due May 22, 2014 Introduction This research paper contains an analysis of the culture in the colony of Virginia over the whole year of 1755 and beginning of 1756. Most of the research drew upon weekly issues of the Virginia Gazette, the only printed newspaper in the colony at that time. Three dimensions of culture were explored: Virginia’s involvement in the French and Indian War (which was beginning right around 1755), Virginia’s economy, and its religious affiliations. A section on colonists’ relations with Native Americans was also written, of which The Virginia Gazette gave detailed insights and accounts, but due to the page limit of the assignment, the section was omitted. Involvement in the French and Indian War In 1730, the population of the Virginia colony was about 114,000. The next 20 years saw an explosion of growth in population due to the increasing demand of indentured servants needed on plantations. Also, Governor Spotswood encouraged immigration to the outskirts of Virginia in the hopes that immigrant townships could alert Virginia’s ports of any possible attacks from Native Americans before their arrival. By the time the French and Indian War had begun, Virginia’s population had climbed to just under 300,000 (Virginia History...
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...It was a very nice Thursday when I drove down to Williams to visit Jamestown Settlement- a museum of 17th century Virginia. I went there with my friend and she helped me a lot in collecting information and documents. The reason I arrived to Jamestown Settlement because it was very interesting to see with my own eyes art works of 17th century that I have learned a lot in Humanities class and the textbook. Jamestown Settlement is a new museum that is located in Williamsburg, Virginia, and it took me about two hours and half to drive there. The staffs are very nice and helpful. There are four galleries with one is upstairs, that called Special Exhibition Gallery, and three others are along the hallway that “chronicle the nation’s 17th century beginning in Virginia in the context of its Powhatan Indian, English, and west central African culture, and examine the impact of the Jamestown settlement.” Moreover, there are ten pieces of wall that are also along the hallway, and on each piece, every ten years of 17th century is described. The end of the hallway is an entrance that leads to Powhatan India Village and James Fort. Also, there is “A Time of Revolution” film that is shown every thirty minutes in the museum. It would be really great if I could tell everything about the museum, but if I had to choose to save two pieces of art or exhibition, I would choose one of the three galleries along the hallway that is about “the people of 17th century Virginia” and the Powhatan India...
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...Go Back in Time with a Visit to the Historical Colonial Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg transports one back in time, to a time of America’s beginning in the mid 1600-1700’s. Williamsburg is reconstructed using the style and architecture of the era, even using the original tools and construction methods to build period authentic buildings complete with authentic furnishings and re-enactors dressed in period costumes. These re-enactors speak with the diction and style of that area, and the prep, time and dedication they put into their characters is clearly portrayed in their passion in recreating history. Williamsburg was first established as a fortified settlement between the James and York Rivers. It later became the capital after the state house in Virginia’s original capital of Jamestown burned down. The contractor Henry Cary took charge off the construction and built a H-shaped building. To prevent future fires it was built without fireplaces and candles, but when complaints were made about it being cold fireplaces were added and it burned down again. Williamsburg was not only the capital, but also a thriving, educational, and cultural center in the largest and most populated of the colonies from the period of 1699 to 1780. Williamsburg was the birthplace of many modern ideals that would shape our modern day government. The most important being, it was the place where the idea of the American Republic was born. A nation separate from British rule, A United...
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...During the age of colonialization, many of the European world powers set out to colonize the new-found continents called the Americas. Two of the powers, England and Spain, mainly focused on North America and the surrounding islands. Spain colonized the South Eastern part of North America, along with the islands in the Caribbean; while England mainly focused on the North-Eastern region. Even though Hispaniola and Virginia were colonized by two very differing countries, their colonies developed in similar ways even with their different starts. The first settlement in the New World for England was founded in 1607 and named Jamestown, as tribute to the current King of England at the time. “The Virginia colony was founded and, at first, run by the Virginia Company of London”. Sir Walter Raleigh had paid for the expedition himself and therefore carried all the risks. But, the company decided to sell shares that were connected directly to the colony’s success, and thereby reliving him of some of the responsibility. A council in England appointed a secondary council that was to attend to and make the rules of the new colony; and would also appoint a president. Seeing that that was rather weak, the King sent a charter that gave the power to private investors from the Crown. Both Thomas Gates and Thomas West were made Governor in 1610 and 1611and put into place some very strict rules for the Colony. Jamestown was always under a change of management. The politics of the town changed...
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...Colonial Williamsburg happens to be both a historical museum and landmark. The significance of this site in American History is that this is the location of the original Virginia Colony. This sight has become one of the most visited tourist sites in the nation. It has been a while since the original buildings stood at this sight, therefore, you will see buildings that have been recreated to give the illusion of what the original structures would have been like. Because this location has been preserved and restored, you can find many buildings and things that are similar to the original structures that stood here centuries ago. The types of things seen at this location include gardens, houses, the governor’s palace, the transportation, a theater, and taverns. If you were to actually travel here you would find that the taverns have been converted to restaurants and inns. You will also find workshops including a printing shop, a shoe shop, a blacksmith shop and many other shops related to the trades of the time. As a focus of this museum is to remain as similar and accurate as possible, you will find that the employees are suited in the dress of the people from the era and even refer to using the grammar of the colony’s time. The quality of the website was definitely a 10 if not higher because everything was so enjoyable and believable. I got such a realistic feel for the location. I was able to first see a map of the area, then decided what I wanted to learn about, then click on...
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...is also seen as the Scramble for Africa. The conference created a period of heightened colonial activity with the European powers and had basically eliminated almost all forms of self government in the countries of Africa. By 1914 France and Britain controlled the most land of all the European powers that were present in Africa. The Berlin Conference helped Britain and France to expand enormously in Africa. In 1914 the French had claimed over what is now broken into over fifteen different countries in Africa spanning all across the continent from Madagascar to Algeria. The French empire in Africa consisted of two main areas. These were French Equatorial Africa and French West Africa. The main two French territories stretched from Gabon to Chad, to Niger, to Senegal, to Corte d’Ivoire. The French first started to establish a presence as a main European power in Africa with the AOF, or the Afrique Occidentale Francaise, in 1895. AOF was a union of French Sudan, French Guinea, Corte d’Ivoire, and Senegal; which is the oldest French settlement in Africa, controlled by France since 1672. The AOF subsequently expanded to the neighboring territories ruled by France. Eventually the AOF covered an area of over one million, eight-hundred thousand square miles. After the AOF, the French established the AEF, or the Afrique Equatoriale Francaise, in 1910. The AEF was federation of French colonial possessions expanding northward from the Congo River to the Sahara Desert. This federation...
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...Conveniently positioned in the core of bustling Springfield, the Lyman & Merrie Wood Museum of Springfield History precisely encapsulates over a century’s worth of historical relic, accurately, and intriguingly, exhibiting the progression of innovation and culture in America. The Museum of Springfield History primarily accentuates the culture of Western Massachusetts, featuring several interactive and informational displays that appeal to the adorations of local residents. For an inexpensive fee, tourists can explore the engaging displays of each museum with pleasure and contemplation. Upon entrance to the museum, visitors immediately begin to waltz through time. Cascading in chronological order, the exhibits portray flattering continuity. Beginning with early transportation, audiences can meticulously view the evolution of horse drawn carriages, along with other methods of transportation, each in mint condition, throughout the nineteenth century. The further audiences explore this showroom, the more refined, and secure, the stagecoaches become. Although noteworthy, this exhibit is merely a prelude to the Automobile Gallery. The Automobile Gallery commences conspicuously as motors begin to substitute hitches in the displays. Suitably, the presentation begins with the first horseless carriage, coincidentally established in Springfield. Invented by brothers Charles and Frank Duryea, the first gasoline powered automobile in the country was produced in 1893, pragmatically labeled...
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...The French love affair with London Will the British and the French ever understand each other? “Rosbifs” are well known as the discoverer of binge drinking, they are awful cook and hypocritical. On the other side of the Channel, the “Froggies” are uppity, unclean and always on strike. Both keep clichés going and issues of dispute are not lacking as the debate between Sarkozy and Cameron at one of the last European convention demonstrated. Jean Guiffan has supported in Histoire de l’anglophonie en France (2004) that almost 15% of the French people declared not to trust their neighbours across the Channel. On the other hand, they demonstrate respect for each other when they walked hand-in-hand through les Champs-Elysées to celebrate the centenary of the Entente Cordiale in 2004. Part of our common history would make us think that French and English people do not get along but the French community in London is one of the most extensive and well established around Great Britain. At first sight, some cultural differences may simply be too wide to bridge. It is not easy to ignore the ancient rivalry when the station of the Eurostar in London is called Waterloo. William the Conqueror, Jean of Arc, the Hundred Years’ War, the Napoleonic Wars, and the race for colonies: from the cradle, French and English people feed their hard feelings. For example, “Son of British” was a common insult in Middle Ages in France (Zeldin, 2002). Anglophobia was an heirloom handed down from generation...
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...The movie Black Girl is set in France and Africa during the 1960’s. Diouana, a Senegalese woman, moves from Dakar to France to care for a rich couple’s children. She soon realizes that her work is not to care for the kids but to clean the house and serve food. She has basically become their servant, but had been hoping for a much more “glamorous” lifestyle. Throughout the movie we see Diouana discriminated against because of the color of her skin. As she realizes the life she is living is not what she expected she begins to feel alienated and wants to return to Africa. Black Girl shows the effects of colonialism, racism, and post-colonial life in Africa and France. The movie exemplifies unequal colonial relations as it depicts the changing treatment that Diouana experiences once she moves with the French family from Dakar to France. Black Girl illustrates postcolonial life for a young African girl, who though she pursues ideals of freedom in France, ultimately finds that Africa still has economic dependency on France, there is racism, and do not have independence from France after post-colonialism. In the movie Black Girl, we see a time when African’s had little rights in France. In Senegal, African’s were fighting for their independence from France. Senegal was named after the Senegal River and covers around 76,000 square miles. In the 1850’s, the French expanded into Senegal, which was free from slavery. It wasn’t until after WWII that Africans began to have political authority...
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...Paris, the City of Light has been Europe’s center of cultural grandeur and one of the most important centers for global business in the world. When we speak of Paris, we immediately conjure romantic images of an era gone by. We think of the majesty it once held as the French aristocracy attempted to keep up with the likes of Britain, Spain, and even Portugal as they heading the colonization of the new world. Others may think instead of the allure the city once held for its prominent contributions to the world of the arts including drama, painting, literature, music, fashion, and even architecture and landscape. I however think that although Paris is indeed one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and perhaps even one of the great wonders of the worlds, by today’s standards it is a city that parallels the vast diversity exemplified in other major global cities like New York City, and Barcelona and unfortunately, as a practical observer of the global community, I do not see the magic that others see in Paris. Yes, I do agree that the Parisian way of life coupled with its political, intellectual, and cultural contributions to the global market has earned it regardless of the its flow of influence, the title of a major player in the world economy. It is therefore easy to recognize why for centuries, the French language has remained one of "The Official" international languages of diplomacy. Today, beyond its high culture, political, and economic place on...
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...also led to friendly rivalries. Although the Colonials and the British fought together and obtained their goals, a new conflict evolved, thrusting a spire of scorn between the two prior allies. Led by William Pitt the British essentially gained the upper hand on the French when they cut off their supply from the mother country to Canada via British naval forces at sea. Because the French relied heavily on goods transported at sea, they were left crippled and in a defense only mode. With this strategic gain, Pitt set out to conquer all and take over french territory by overtaking Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Louisbourg, Fort Duquesne and Quebec. Aside from the failure by Abercromby at Ticonderoga that was later redeemed, the British objectives were a success and the French were devastated. The most devastating blow was the attack on Quebec and Montreal where the British aimed “to rip the heart out of Canada.” (Millet & Maslowski 1994). Britain was successful and took over Quebec although France made great efforts to retake it in failure. Later in 1763, the Peace of Paris was signed therefore ending the war in North America. With this treaty being signed, it distributed land rights and ownership between Britain and France, giving nearly all of American territory to Britain. With such victory at hand, one would think that joy would fill the air but tensions grew between Colonials, Indians and British. The British believed that Colonials “were ill-disciplined...
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...The Germans and their Italian allies controlled a narrow but strategic strip of the North African littoral between Tunisia and Egypt with impassable desert bounding the strip on the south. Numbering some 100,000 men under a battle-tested German leader, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the German-Italian army in Libya posed a constant threat to Egypt, the Near East, and French North Africa and by controlling the northern shores of the Mediterranean denied the Mediterranean to Allied shipping. Only a few convoys seeking to supply British forces on the island of Malta ever ventured into the Mediterranean, and these frequently took heavy losses. Moving against French Africa posed for the Allies special problems rooted in the nature of the Armistice that had followed French defeat in 1940. Under the terms of that Armistice, the Germans had left the French empire nominally intact, along with much of the southern half of Metropolitan France; in return the French government was pledged to drop out of the war. Although an underground resistance movement had already begun in France and the Allies were equipping a “Free French” force, that part of the regular French Army and Navy left intact by the Armistice had sworn allegiance to the Vichy government. This pledge had led already to the anomaly of Frenchman fighting Frenchman and of the British incurring French enmity by destroying part of the fleet of their former ally. If bloodshed was to be averted in the Allied invasion, French...
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