...Miranda #30 The Capitol In Colonial Williamsburg times, the Capitol was used as a place in which the Governors council and the House of Burgesses met and discussed political matters. The Capitol was built by Henry Cary, and he built the Capitol building so that the chance of a fire burning it down was lessened. It was built with no fireplaces and all candles were barred. But one day, a secretary complained that the building was too damp, so they built fire places . There was a greater chance of fire, but was there...
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...The most iconic figure of the colonial times is John Winthrop because he appears throughout history sailing the new world in search of the “city upon a hill” for his Puritan religion, and for the economic prosperity that came with it. The Puritans led by John Winthrop came to New England in 1630. They came on the Arabella, which was financed by them since they were in the high class of England. The Puritans decided to leave for the New World because they were unable to reform the Church of England. In A Modell of Christian Charity, Winthrop wrote that “the lord make it like that of New England; for we must consider that we shall be as a City Upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us” (Bedford 256). Winthrop imagines and hopes that the new puritan society will be the perfect city that everyone looks too. John Winthrop and the puritans follow their dream to be able to establish their own society and did this with the belief...
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...For instance, the role of women was a missing essential in colonial Virginia during 1622. Tobacco was considered Virginia’s substitute for gold and potentially its largest financial profits (Give Me Liberty, p. 61). However, the conditions of this industry were harsh and both death rates and labor demand ran high, leaving the colony of mostly widows, orphans, and single men (Give Me Liberty, p. 61). Lacking a complete English social structure, women were considerably outnumbered in the Chesapeake, for it was mostly men maintaining the tobacco fields. The Virginia Colony insisted on the shipment of maidens from England to the Virginia. However, they implied that women marry only free and independent colonists who were to provide in payment for their wives in 120 lbs. of fine leaf tobacco (Voices of Freedom, Sending Women to Virginia, p. 26). Consider the excerpt from the document Sending Women to Virginia, “There are near fifty more which are shortly to come, are sent by our most honorable Lord and Treasurer the Earl of Southhampton and certain worthy gentlemen, who taking into their consideration that the Plantation can never flourish till the families be planted and the respect of wives and children fix the people on the soil,” (Voices of Freedom, Sending Women to Virginia, p.26). The quote implies that the role of women is a key component to the growth of...
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...Go Back in Time with a Visit to the Historical Colonial Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg transports one back in time, to a time of America’s beginning in the mid 1600-1700’s. Williamsburg is reconstructed using the style and architecture of the era, even using the original tools and construction methods to build period authentic buildings complete with authentic furnishings and re-enactors dressed in period costumes. These re-enactors speak with the diction and style of that area, and the prep, time and dedication they put into their characters is clearly portrayed in their passion in recreating history. Williamsburg was first established as a fortified settlement between the James and York Rivers. It later became the capital after the state house in Virginia’s original capital of Jamestown burned down. The contractor Henry Cary took charge off the construction and built a H-shaped building. To prevent future fires it was built without fireplaces and candles, but when complaints were made about it being cold fireplaces were added and it burned down again. Williamsburg was not only the capital, but also a thriving, educational, and cultural center in the largest and most populated of the colonies from the period of 1699 to 1780. Williamsburg was the birthplace of many modern ideals that would shape our modern day government. The most important being, it was the place where the idea of the American Republic was born. A nation separate from British rule, A United...
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...war of words against each other as they debated Dreyfus' innocence and, implicitly, what it meant to be French in the Third Republic. Marked by an effusion of antisemitic vitriol, this debate has been characterized by Frederick Brown as a polarizing battle between two rival visions of France.[1] This battle at times extended to the streets, as it did in response to the publication of Émile Zola's 1898 “J'accuse.” Zola's open letter indicted the Army General Staff for antisemitism and cover-up, and prompted reactionary riots across France, the most violent of which occurred in French colonial Algiers. There, the burning of Zola in effigy sparked a riot in which 158 shops were destroyed, six Jews were assaulted (two fatally), and 9 rioters, 47 police, and a large but unknown number of Jews were seriously injured.[2] As the site of some of the only murderous violence during the Affair, colonial Algeria deserves particular attention. Examining the Dreyfus Affair from the perspective of French colonial Algeria illuminates the place of antisemitism in Algerian political culture, the development of modern French antisemitism, and the relationship between antisemitism and colonial racism.[3] According to George Fredrickson, antisemitism, like all Western racisms, is predicated on a presumption of basic human equality rooted in Christian and Enlightenment...
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...Colonial Williamsburg happens to be both a historical museum and landmark. The significance of this site in American History is that this is the location of the original Virginia Colony. This sight has become one of the most visited tourist sites in the nation. It has been a while since the original buildings stood at this sight, therefore, you will see buildings that have been recreated to give the illusion of what the original structures would have been like. Because this location has been preserved and restored, you can find many buildings and things that are similar to the original structures that stood here centuries ago. The types of things seen at this location include gardens, houses, the governor’s palace, the transportation, a theater, and taverns. If you were to actually travel here you would find that the taverns have been converted to restaurants and inns. You will also find workshops including a printing shop, a shoe shop, a blacksmith shop and many other shops related to the trades of the time. As a focus of this museum is to remain as similar and accurate as possible, you will find that the employees are suited in the dress of the people from the era and even refer to using the grammar of the colony’s time. The quality of the website was definitely a 10 if not higher because everything was so enjoyable and believable. I got such a realistic feel for the location. I was able to first see a map of the area, then decided what I wanted to learn about, then click on...
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...The Ohio State University, History Dept. Colonial Virginia’s Culture during the French and Indian War: 1755-1756 John Rodock History 3011 Emily Arendt Due May 22, 2014 Introduction This research paper contains an analysis of the culture in the colony of Virginia over the whole year of 1755 and beginning of 1756. Most of the research drew upon weekly issues of the Virginia Gazette, the only printed newspaper in the colony at that time. Three dimensions of culture were explored: Virginia’s involvement in the French and Indian War (which was beginning right around 1755), Virginia’s economy, and its religious affiliations. A section on colonists’ relations with Native Americans was also written, of which The Virginia Gazette gave detailed insights and accounts, but due to the page limit of the assignment, the section was omitted. Involvement in the French and Indian War In 1730, the population of the Virginia colony was about 114,000. The next 20 years saw an explosion of growth in population due to the increasing demand of indentured servants needed on plantations. Also, Governor Spotswood encouraged immigration to the outskirts of Virginia in the hopes that immigrant townships could alert Virginia’s ports of any possible attacks from Native Americans before their arrival. By the time the French and Indian War had begun, Virginia’s population had climbed to just under 300,000 (Virginia History...
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...with their different starts. The first settlement in the New World for England was founded in 1607 and named Jamestown, as tribute to the current King of England at the time. “The Virginia colony was founded and, at first, run by the Virginia Company of London”. Sir Walter Raleigh had paid for the expedition himself and therefore carried all the risks. But, the company decided to sell shares that were connected directly to the colony’s success, and thereby reliving him of some of the responsibility. A council in England appointed a secondary council that was to attend to and make the rules of the new colony; and would also appoint a president. Seeing that that was rather weak, the King sent a charter that gave the power to private investors from the Crown. Both Thomas Gates and Thomas West were made Governor in 1610 and 1611and put into place some very strict rules for the Colony. Jamestown was always under a change of management. The politics of the town changed greatly through the period of colonization. In 1619, the House of Burgesses met for the first time to”… to enact legislation for the colony, but its actions were subject to veto by the governor, council, and ultimately by the directors in London.” The House however, did not get much done due to an outbreak of malaria that occurred at the same time. Unable to hold onto the colony and produce a...
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...Bacon’s Rebellion [Instructor’s name] [Class Title] [Date] Bacon’s Rebellion Introduction The historical event discussed in this paper is Bacon’s rebellion. Bacon’s rebellion was an uprising in colonial Virginia in North America that took place in 1676. The rebellion was considered first in history. It was among the first uprising against British authority by the colony and it was the first event that Blacks and Whites, rich and poor, grouped together under one cause. The rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon, an Englishman who had recently settled in the Virginia Colony[1]. Background Nathaniel Bacon He had extreme animosity towards Indians-hostile and friendly alike- and developed a worldview that all Indians must be wiped out in Virginia. Nathaniel Bacon was a wealthy 29 year old painter. He was a council at the governor’s office. He rose up as a leader of a group of freeholders (men who own lands and all immovable structures attached to the lands), who wanted to drive-out all the Indians in Virginia[2]. In 1674, these freeholders demanded that Indians should leave treaty protected lands or be killed. This group targeted all Indians, whether friendly or not, thus they are actually starting all out war against Indians. Hostility between Indians and the Free Holders broke out when Doeg Indians raided the farm of one of the Free Holders and stole a number of pigs. The raid was said to be a retaliatory attack by the Indians...
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... Jamestown Settlement is a new museum that is located in Williamsburg, Virginia, and it took me about two hours and half to drive there. The staffs are very nice and helpful. There are four galleries with one is upstairs, that called Special Exhibition Gallery, and three others are along the hallway that “chronicle the nation’s 17th century beginning in Virginia in the context of its Powhatan Indian, English, and west central African culture, and examine the impact of the Jamestown settlement.” Moreover, there are ten pieces of wall that are also along the hallway, and on each piece, every ten years of 17th century is described. The end of the hallway is an entrance that leads to Powhatan India Village and James Fort. Also, there is “A Time of Revolution” film that is shown every thirty minutes in the museum. It would be really great if I could tell everything about the museum, but if I had to choose to save two pieces of art or exhibition, I would choose one of the three galleries along the hallway that is about “the people of 17th century Virginia” and the Powhatan India Village- James Fort. The gallery focuses on describing life and living activities of the Powhatan and African. Clay models that imitate life of the Powhatan and African are really interesting to me. Through the clay models and descriptions, I learned a lot about languages, family life, clothing and personal appearance, houses, social and family structure, recreation and the Arts,...
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...is also seen as the Scramble for Africa. The conference created a period of heightened colonial activity with the European powers and had basically eliminated almost all forms of self government in the countries of Africa. By 1914 France and Britain controlled the most land of all the European powers that were present in Africa. The Berlin Conference helped Britain and France to expand enormously in Africa. In 1914 the French had claimed over what is now broken into over fifteen different countries in Africa spanning all across the continent from Madagascar to Algeria. The French empire in Africa consisted of two main areas. These were French Equatorial Africa and French West Africa. The main two French territories stretched from Gabon to Chad, to Niger, to Senegal, to Corte d’Ivoire. The French first started to establish a presence as a main European power in Africa with the AOF, or the Afrique Occidentale Francaise, in 1895. AOF was a union of French Sudan, French Guinea, Corte d’Ivoire, and Senegal; which is the oldest French settlement in Africa, controlled by France since 1672. The AOF subsequently expanded to the neighboring territories ruled by France. Eventually the AOF covered an area of over one million, eight-hundred thousand square miles. After the AOF, the French established the AEF, or the Afrique Equatoriale Francaise, in 1910. The AEF was federation of French colonial possessions expanding northward from the Congo River to the Sahara Desert. This federation...
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...couple’s children. She soon realizes that her work is not to care for the kids but to clean the house and serve food. She has basically become their servant, but had been hoping for a much more “glamorous” lifestyle. Throughout the movie we see Diouana discriminated against because of the color of her skin. As she realizes the life she is living is not what she expected she begins to feel alienated and wants to return to Africa. Black Girl shows the effects of colonialism, racism, and post-colonial life in Africa and France. The movie exemplifies unequal colonial relations as it depicts the changing treatment that Diouana experiences once she moves with the French family from Dakar to France. Black Girl illustrates postcolonial life for a young African girl, who though she pursues ideals of freedom in France, ultimately finds that Africa still has economic dependency on France, there is racism, and do not have independence from France after post-colonialism. In the movie Black Girl, we see a time when African’s had little rights in France. In Senegal, African’s were fighting for their independence from France. Senegal was named after the Senegal River and covers around 76,000 square miles. In the 1850’s, the French expanded into Senegal, which was free from slavery. It wasn’t until after WWII that Africans began to have political authority. In 1945 French West Africa was allowed to participate in writing a New French Constitution. In 1958 another Constitution was written which changed...
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...One of the ideas that have helped create our countries present was the constitution. It is the world’s oldest written plan of government. It was made to address the growing problems between the states. Fifty-five delegates gathered together to discuss those problems about their country. They bring up problems like slavery, the New Jersey plan, the Virginia plan, and the great compromise. Eventually the constitution was put together and balanced out freedom and power. The constitution created a federal system that unifies the states while sharing power with them. The constitution has worked for over two hundred years because of its system of checks and balances, and rules for adding the amendments. Also the values of a balance of power have made our present possible. The system of checks and balances was set up so that if one branches tried to use its powers wrongly, the other two could keep it under control. The system of checks and balances makes it impossible for one branch of the federal government to act without the cooperation of another branch. The value of citizens’ rights also made our country’s present. That value was birthed by the idea of the bill of rights. The bill of rights was added to protect the basic rights of the people. Almost every state constitution had a bill of rights. Adding the bill of rights to the constitution was possible because the constitution provided for amendments. The framers of the constitution allowed for amendments, but however, they did...
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...also led to friendly rivalries. Although the Colonials and the British fought together and obtained their goals, a new conflict evolved, thrusting a spire of scorn between the two prior allies. Led by William Pitt the British essentially gained the upper hand on the French when they cut off their supply from the mother country to Canada via British naval forces at sea. Because the French relied heavily on goods transported at sea, they were left crippled and in a defense only mode. With this strategic gain, Pitt set out to conquer all and take over french territory by overtaking Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Louisbourg, Fort Duquesne and Quebec. Aside from the failure by Abercromby at Ticonderoga that was later redeemed, the British objectives were a success and the French were devastated. The most devastating blow was the attack on Quebec and Montreal where the British aimed “to rip the heart out of Canada.” (Millet & Maslowski 1994). Britain was successful and took over Quebec although France made great efforts to retake it in failure. Later in 1763, the Peace of Paris was signed therefore ending the war in North America. With this treaty being signed, it distributed land rights and ownership between Britain and France, giving nearly all of American territory to Britain. With such victory at hand, one would think that joy would fill the air but tensions grew between Colonials, Indians and British. The British believed that Colonials “were ill-disciplined...
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...The policy of colonial expansion is a political and economic system . . . that can be connected to three sets of ideas: economic ideas; the most far-reaching ideas of civilization; and ideas of a political and patriotic sort. In the area of economics, I am placing before you, with the support of some statistics, the considerations that justify the policy of colonial expansion, as seen from the perspective of a need, felt more and more urgently by the industrialized population of Europe and especially the people of our rich and hardworking country of France: the need for outlets [for exports]. Is this a fantasy? Is this a concern [that can wait] for the future? Or is this not a pressing need, one may say a crying need, of our industrial population? I merely express in a general way what each one of you can see for himself in the various parts of France. Yes, what our major industries [textiles, etc.], irrevocably steered by the treaties of 1860-1 into exports, lack more and more are outlets. Why? Because next door Germany is setting up trade barriers; because across the ocean the United States of America have become protectionists, and extreme protectionists at that; because not only are these great markets . . . shrinking, becoming more and more difficult of access, but these great states are beginning to pour into our own markets products not seen there before. This is true not only for our agriculture, which has been so sorely tried . . . and for which competition is no longer...
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