...APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 20: 1181–1194 (2006) Published online 6 July 2006 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/acp.1257 Brand Logo and Name Association: It’s all in the Name HEATHER BUTTLE1* and NIKKI WESTOBY2 1 2 Massey University, New Zealand University of Wales, Bangor, UK SUMMARY Despite the expense of designing and the popularity of using logos to represent brands, there is a paucity of information on how such symbols are processed. This series of experiments used Repetition Blindness (RB) to measure implicit association of logos and names that varied in (1) the abstractness of the logo, and (2) the level of familiarity with the logo. RB is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when two items, presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), are encoded along repeated dimensions (e.g. visual, phonological, semantic) resulting in only one item being perceived (Bavelier, 1994; Buttle, Ball, Zhang, & Raymond, 2005; Kanwisher, 1987). Phonological RB was revealed for both abstract and figurative logos and occurred regardless of familiarity. The results suggest that as long as a consumer has the opportunity to be exposed to the name of a logo then logo-name association learning is a rapid process. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companies use logos to convey the unique identity of their products, services, or organizations. A great deal of effort is expended on creating a logo so that it succeeds...
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... The authors build on previous work to explain the similarities and differences of infomercials and ads / DE, and imply that it is interesting to examine the moderating / mediating effects each medium’s features has on consumer attitudes and intentions. (For example, length, persuasive intent, physical interaction, etc. – how does each effect consumer’s attitudes?). The reasoning behind the choice of these specific formats is that infomercials are a “natural” middle ground, as they combine both television advertisements and DE features (while, they assume beforehand, most likely closer to DE, which is also what they find in their experiments). The motivation for the study is twofold: novelty and useful practical implications. Novelty / research gap: Previous studies discussed differences between ads and DE, while articles about infomercials did not elaborate on other formats. This article is the first to examine all three formats together. No other study has measured the effectiveness of infomercials with relation to ads, nor infomercials with relation to DE. (Nor the optimal infomercial length). Practical implications: infomercials is a...
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...What is Cognitive Psychology? Donyelle Best PSY/360 Cognitive Psychology Luvenia Jackson September 4, 2014 What is Cognitive Psychology? The word cognitive refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These mental processes include the acts of thinking, knowing, remembering, reasoning, judging, learning, perceiving, speaking, believing, speaking, decision making and problem solving. These are more complex functions of the brain and include language, imagination, perception and planning. It uses scientific research methods in studying the mental processes. In other words, cognitive psychology is a scientific approach to studying the mind. The main focus of cognitive psychology is on how an individual acquires, processes, and stores information, and it studies how individuals view and comprehend the world around him or her. Cognitive psychology also focuses on trying to identify behavior through characteristics other than its obvious properties (Willingham, 2007). Cognitive psychology rose to the top due to top in response to the flaws in other methods of studying the mind. Key Milestones in the Development of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology developed primarily from the inability of the behaviorist approach to fully explain every form of behavior. While there were many things that drove its development, there were four...
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...Psychological disorders and diseases PSY 240 November 2, 2014 Psychological disorders and diseases Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder for which there is no cure; however, it can be managed. Although researchers are not sure what causes schizophrenia, they think a person’s environment coupled with genetics play a significant role in the development of the disease. Other factors may include abnormalities in the neurotransmitters called dopamine, and glutamate. It causes people to think abnormally, and exhibit various combinations of abnormal behavior. (Mayo clinic staff, 2014). According to Mayo clinic staff (2014), symptoms include “hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior” (Schizophrenia). Some antipsychotic drugs are that are prescribed to treat schizophrenia are; chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol (haldol), and perphenazine. Often there are other types of medications that are used in conjunction with the antipsychotic drugs such as antidepressants, and anti-anxiety medications. The medications and dosages are mixed and matched until the right dose and drug start to manage the symptoms based on the individual’s circumstances. Most medications only work when they are taken as prescribed. The problem with schizophrenics they rarely think they are sick, so they either choose not to take the medication as directed, or not at all. This is a problem called anosognosia. ("National Alliance on Mental Illness", 2014). ...
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...Inc. competes within two key businesses: food and beverage. When it comes to being a food and beverage corporation, PepsiCo is the world’s third largest. However, they are the second largest in the carbonated soft drink industry. PepsiCo is definitely a market-oriented corporation. The definition of a company in the market-orientation stage is when it is able to “identify what customers want and tailor to all the activities of the firm to satisfy needs as efficiently as possible” (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2005). PepsiCo understands the market’s wants and needs and are able to produce goods that appeal to consumers. The company has been around for so long and its brands are so famous that consumers’ will buy PepsiCo’s product out of repetition and...
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...Inc. competes within two key businesses: food and beverage. When it comes to being a food and beverage corporation, PepsiCo is the world’s third largest. However, they are the second largest in the carbonated soft drink industry. PepsiCo is definitely a market-oriented corporation. The definition of a company in the market-orientation stage is when it is able to “identify what customers want and tailor to all the activities of the firm to satisfy needs as efficiently as possible” (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2005). PepsiCo understands the market’s wants and needs and are able to produce goods that appeal to consumers. The company has been around for so long and its brands are so famous that consumers’ will buy PepsiCo’s product out of repetition and...
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...Related Literature and Studies A researcher needs to review the write-ups, readings, and studies related to the present study in order to determine the similarities and differences of the findings between the past and present studies Related Literature * Literature maybe defined as written works collectively, especially those enduring importance, exhibiting creative imagination and artist skill which are written in a particular period, language, and subject. * In other words, any written matter such as book, journal, magazine, novel, poetry, and encyclopedia are considered as literature. Guidelines on Effective writing of Literature 1. Research paper must be written in a formal style, which is in the third person, not the first person. 2. Avoid highly descriptive writing style, not appropriate for a scholarly research. 3. Language should be neutral gender, no sexy language like his. 4. Make the conclusion and contradictions found in the literature clear in the report. 5. Use proper grammar and proofread the work. 6. Never plagiarized, give credit to the original author of ideas. 7. Pay attention to the structure and form of published articles, which are good examples of how literature reviews can be written. Example 1. Peters (1993) claims that job-related stress can enhance productivity up to a certain point. There is, however, a threshold point beyond which stress becomes a harmful factor in one’s productivity. On the other hand, Saunders...
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...presentation must be balanced through the selection of food by choosing complementary flavors, seasonings and food groups. Also, food should be prepared using different but complementary cooking methods and arranging it on appropriate china in an appetizing presentation. Balance is better understood through the following topics. Selection of food: Complex and simple types of food should be balanced, e.g.: perfectly sautéed veal scaloppini (simple) served with vegetable risotto (complex). Colors: Color is always important in food, but especially so in presentation. Color reinforces freshness, quality and proper cooking. Show a variety in color without giving a “circus” effect. Use of earth tones with vibrant color is often successful. Usually foods that taste good together will naturally harmonize in color. Cooking Methods: Avoid repetition by using different and compatible methods. A variety of cooking techniques will automatically add variety of textures to the presentation. * Roasted whole meat with poached sausage...
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...Review journal articles on what we know about how consumers use their memory. How does this knowledge inform what we know and what we could study for product placement? Introduction – 200- 300 words Product placement Product placements can be defined as paid product information targeted affecting the viewers via the planned of a branded product into a television program, movie (Balasubramanian, 1994), computer and online game. As it is not totally stated in this definition, product placements have been applied for persuasive motivations, such as increasing product awareness and sales. Some of the merits of product placements include overcoming the difficulty of zapping because viewers are less likely to change the channel or leave the place when a product shows in a movie like they may for advertisements (d’Astous & Chartier, 2000). Moreover, product placements allow marketers to aim very particular audiences because the demography of who attends which type of movie is well understood (Nebenzhal & Secunda, 1993). Product placements also have a longer life time than traditional advertisements (d’Astous & Chartier, 2000). When the movies are released as DVD or shown on TV, the brand placements are typically still present. Finally, surveys have demonstrated that viewers like product placements due to the realistic improvement of the movie or TV show ( Nebenzahl & Secunda, 1993). In its most basic understanding, product placements are the incorporation of...
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...The strength and conditioning philosophy can be wrapped up in one statement; to train for sport-specific power. The definition of power is: strength x speed= power. Strength training, Olympic weightlifting, sprint speed, agility, plyometrics, flexibility, balance, and core/stability training all need to be performed to achieve maximum sport-specific power. A strong core is necessary to maintain back strength throughout all ranges of motion. Proper posture in the core can significantly increase the force production of the arms and legs and keep the athlete's back strong and healthy throughout all training. This can especially be important in today’s society where kids walk around all day with their shoulders slumped forward to hold a back pack on their shoulders comfortably. Flexibility to comfortably go through the full range of motion with proper technique in all lifting and running drills is also necessary. A good total body flexibility test would be a properly executed overhead squat where the athlete gets all the way down with their hips below their knees. Sprinting, agilities, and plyometrics are all important components of speed training. This is also where the coach can get very sport specific with agility drills and sprinting distances. The weight room is critical to maximize strength, power, and speed training. Lifts such as the deep squat and bench are great for lower and upper body strength and all the Olympic weightlifting will work to maximize speed and power. ...
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...Behavioral Models of Personality Critique Draya Ashlee Ashford University Abstract This paper explores my knowledge and opinions on the Behavioral Models of Personality (BMP). This article will show the various theories of BMP present Behavioral Models of Personality Critique Personality is the combination of characteristics and qualities that mix together to form an individuals very distinctive character. The ability to have an perfectly untainted personality may be unheard of, and for many may sound ridiculous. Different models of personality help us to categorize the different aspects of one’s personality, how a personality problem can be recognized, and how to effectively treat an personality illness. I will critique the behavioral model of personality by looking at the theories present , the major contributors to the field, the different methods of inquiry , along with the strengths and weakness of the model , and how possible future research may be done to further elucidate the role of this model in understanding personality. The behavioral model of personality closely focuses on the “emphasis on studying what is observable challenged psychology and` personality researchers to meet higher empirical standards.” (Magnavita, J.J. 2012). Such observable events that occur inside of the human mind, which are acted outside of the human mind , better known as our actions. It is usually based on inductive thinking...
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...things in motion. I learned that nothing can move itself. If every object in motion had a mover, then the first object in motion needed a mover. Therefore this first mover is the Unmoved Mover, called God. The chain of movers must have a first mover because nothing can move itself. The First Way is all about Motion. Motion means moving to any kind of change, not just change of place. So, if the whole chain of moving things had no first mover, it could not now be moving, as it is. If there were an infinite regress of movers with no first mover, no motion could ever begin, and if it never began, it could not go on and exist now. But it does go on, it does exist now. Therefore it began, and therefore there is a first mover. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality. God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number. God is unchallengeable, incapable of...
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...Electronic Edition: ISBN 978-1-58394658-9 Cop yright © 2 013 by Christop h Delp . All rights reserved. No p ortion of this book, excep t for brief review, may be rep roduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, p hotocop ying, recording, or otherwise—without written p ermission of the p ublisher. For information contact Blue Snake Books c/o North Atlantic Books. Published by Blue Snake Books, an imp rint of North Atlantic Books P.O. Box 12 32 7 Berkeley, California 94712 Cover p hoto by Nop p hadol Viwatkamolwat Cover design by Brad Greene Photo credits: Author’s archives: this p age, this p age. Erwin Werzel: this p age. All other p hotos by Nop p hadol Viwatkamolwat. Muay Thai Training Exe rcise s: The Ultimate Guide to Fitne ss, Stre ng th, and Fig ht Pre paration is sp onsored by the Society for the Study of Native Arts and Sciences, a nonp rofit educational corp oration whose goals are to develop an educational and cross-cultural p ersp ective linking various scientific, social, and artistic fields; to nurture a holistic view of arts, sciences, humanities, and healing; and to p ublish and distribute literature on the relationship of mind, body, and nature. North Atlantic Books’ p ublications are available through most bookstores. For further information, call 8 00-733-3000 or visit our websites at www.northatlanticbooks.com and www.bluesnakebooks.com. PLEASE NOTE: The...
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...meet weight loss goals, the above statement is a common misconception. Aerobic exercise is a method of conditioning the cardio respiratory system by using activities that create an increased demand for oxygen over an extended period of time (Gladwin 501). If you want to burn the most fat, a combination of strength training (i.e.; using one’s body weight, free weights, or machines to improve muscular strength) and aerobic exercise will be the best choice. “…Muscle burns more calories than fat. Muscle also takes less space- that’s why a muscular person can weigh more but wear a smaller size” (Reno 88). So, if muscle burns more calories than fat this means strength training combined with cardio will have you burning excess fat faster than either one alone. Throughout time I have heard some fitness related myths: “Strength training will make me look like a bodybuilder” or “Cardio alone will burn off the pounds I have to lose.” From my experience, I can tell you that cardio alone will not burn off the excess fat. When I started working out I started out only doing cardio. I was ecstatic after losing the first 20 pounds, but after the first 20 my body hit a plateau. After doing some research I decided to add strength training to my workout regimen. Once I began to weight train my body shrank and another 10 pounds came off. To my surprise, my body was not...
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...used this device to emphasize his main theme as well as create a natural rhythm in his speech to make the idea of balance more memorable and appealing to listeners. Eisenhower stated that those with “good judgement [seek] balance and progress” (Eisenhower). In other words, those with wisdom and strong morals look for ways to build up society and make it better. The depravity of the world was much more apparent as wars were fought and conflicts broke out, and the president was calling on the U.S. citizens to step up and regain their traditional principles and values that had begun to fade. Contrarily, he also said, “Lack of [good judgement] eventually finds imbalance and frustration” (Eisenhower). The president was pointing out that those without wisdom and morals tend to cause instability and strife among society. Eisenhower was encouraging the American people to rely on their better judgement and work alongside one another for the greater good, rather than focus on their own individual interests, in order to create a future filled with peace and...
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