...Taxation On Cigarette Smoking Economics Essay In the following paper you will be able to see who is likely to be more affected by tax increases on cigarettes: all adults or young adults. You will also be able to see how we can reduce the effects of cancer by reducing the cost of other tobacco products. You will also see long term elasticity of demand for cigarette smoking and what does this mean for the likely impact of taxes on long-term cigarette use and do you think taxing can be effective in decreasing the use of alcohol? Explain your answer using economic theory The people that are mostly affected by the increases in tax on cigarettes according to Frank J. Chaloupka would be the youth and Adults. The single most consistent finding of many econometric studies of the issue of cigarettes price being increased would lead to a drop in smoking. The ten percent increase in cigarettes price would overall drop the consumption of cigarettes sales by fiver percent. (Chaloupka, p. 3) By increasing the price in cigarettes it would most likely affect the youth and young adults do to the price increase. According to Study in 1996 by Chaloupka and Grossman they confirmed the earlier studies that the are three times as sensitive to the price increase then the adults (Chaloupka, p. 4) because they don’t have money like adults would have. Over all with the tax increase we will see a decrease in overall sales of cigarettes. To have the great effect on reducing cancer from the use of tobacco...
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...“Psychological Approaches in comparison to Medical Approaches to overcome smoking” Introduction Many people all over the world suffer from health problems caused by their addiction to smoking. Not only the respiratory system and the heart are affected by this, but also the financial situation of smokers in certain countries with high tobacco taxes are influenced. Due to those reasons, many smokers are trying to overcome their addiction. The purpose of this study is to find out how psychological and medical approaches can be successfully used to quit smoking. It should explain how the methods work and what former smokers that have used those techniques experienced with them. The classical means of smoking cessation are medical treatments. They vary from laser therapy to drugs that substitute Nicotine and other ingredients of cigarettes. The psychological approaches to quit smoking have gained more popularity in the last few years. Especially hypnosis is often considered as a very effective method to overcome smoking. Also acupuncture can be seen as a psychological approach since it affects the mind and not the body. In comparison to medical approaches, hypnosis and acupuncture cannot impact the body. It can also be cheaper than a laser therapy for example. However, not every individual is receptive for hypnosis and acupuncture. This makes the medical methods more reliable. The central issue is, that every smoker who wants to overcome his addiction should try different...
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...month, which is more than triple the marijuana use, with only 20% of students reported use in the same time period1. It is important to note, the reports that the low number of marijuana use can be contribute to the illegal nature of the drug. However, later in the report it states that the 58% of adolescence drinkers also have used marijuana1. The lifetime prevalence rate for marijuana is 49.7% among high school seniors, annual rate is 37.8% and the 30-day rate is 23.1 % 1. Meanwhile, the alcohol lifetime prevalence is 80%, with over 62 % reporting drunkenness1. Almost one fourth of the men and one eighth of the women used in another study between the ages of 18-25 used alcohol and marijuana in combination2. Prevalence of drinking and smoking marijuana is a concern because it introduces a bevy of toxins which may disrupt healthy brain development. These toxins can disrupt the activity in the hippocampus, a vital limbic system organ located within the brain's medial temporal lobe that regulates emotions and memory3. Aberrations in hippocampal asymmetry and left hippocampal volumes were studied by comparing adolescent alcohol users, both marijuana and alcohol users, and healthy controls using neuroimaging and neuropsychological data. The results revealed that the alcohol alone users had more right to left asymmetry than healthy controls and double drug users. In addition, the reports states that aberrations of the hippocampus could contribute to verbal, learning and memory problems...
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...developing countries suffering the greatest impact. The annual death toll is projected to increase several fold in low income countries by the year 2020, and Pakistan is no exception. Although...
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...Effect of Cigarette Smoking Eric Kiruja Dr Ondieki 4th October, 2015 Tobacco smoking remains a global concern, as the tobacco industry continues to penetrate even into the developing and least developed nations. This practice has been associated with a myriad of problems and, as a result, its use should be me minimized if not outlawed. The following effects present the grim effects of cigarette smoking through which people can gain useful insights as to why they should not adopt this behavior. These effects can be classified into: Social effects While, for some people, cigarette smoking can be viewed as a way of socializing and connecting with others, it has its drawbacks. First, it leads to the users being subjected to isolation and social stigma. As the rate of which the number of people who have taken up this habit increases so is the number of individuals who are intolerant to smoking. As a result, the users tend to feel as if they are being despised and are socially unaccepted. In addition, more and more countries have placed restrictions on smoking in public areas. These restrictions serve to limit the freedom of the smoker in that he/she is always preoccupied with worrying about whether the area they intend to go will allow smoking. Also, smokers may find themselves having their prospects for any form of romantic engagement or dating reduced significantly to other smokers who only constitute less than 21% of the average adult...
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...Analysis of the: Taxable revenues reported before and after enactment of the Indoor Smoking Ordinance by Minneapolis businesses with on-sale liquor licenses: A comparison of revenues for the 6-month periods from April through September in 2003, 2004, and 2005 This report is an analytical report that is evaluating the impact that a non-smoking ban had on the food and beverage industry serving the people of the city of Minneapolis. This is a non-bias report to provide statistical information for the citizens of Minneapolis to better educate them on the ramifications of their city’s council vote against smoking at a food and beverages establishments. In 2005 the city of Minneapolis enacted a citywide indoor smoking ordinance, which included restaurant and bars found within the city. The representatives for the restaurants and bars claimed that by enacting this law would negatively affect their livelihood. They claimed that they would have an extreme loss of revenue because of the close association between the consumption of alcohol and the smoking of cigarettes especially by people frequenting these types of establishments. The representatives of the local hospitality industry continue to make these claims and requested that this study to validate their position with hopes to have the law reversed. The city also wanted to do this study to combat other similar studies with negative results from groups attempting to have the ordinance changed. The organization of...
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...Impacts on Canada’s Population Health Workaholism is a growing behavioural epidemic negatively affecting the population health in Canada. It’s also a popular belief that workaholics are driven by a poor sense of self and are quite miserable, but there are actually different types of workaholism, and the workaholic may actually be happy diving into the multitude of tasks at work. It is not necessarily thought of in a negative way by the individual experiencing it, even though it is commonly believed to be an addiction. While a lot is heard about this “disorder,” workaholism is not actually an official diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR). In actuality, workaholism is considered a symptom of obsessive/compulsive personality disorder which is characterized by perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation with work. Overworking on a regular basis results in the release of hormones like adrenaline and cortisol within the body, which can ultimately create the following consequences: 1. Buildup of plaque in the blood vessels and an increased risk of experiencing heart attacks and strokes. 2. Increased risk of experiencing anxiety attacks, ulcers, burnout, and depression. 3. Increased risk of experiencing weight gain and smoking or alcohol consumption. To put it simply, workaholism is bad for the population health. Canada’s National Population Health Survey (1996-97) found that workaholics were less likely than other workers to rate...
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...Surveillance System (BRFSS), (Arno & Rock, 2014). Obesity and diabetes are correlated health statuses and are often referred to as “DIABESITY”, (A. Hollier, personal communication, October 21, 2015). The dietary lifestyles of adults and youth in Louisville combined with the lack of physical activity reflect in the overwhelming statistics of diabetes. Smoking complicates every disease process. As of 2014, 26.2 % of adults, 18 years old and over are currently smoking, (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC.gov], 2014). These lifestyle choices, disease processes and practices increase the risk of developing heart disease and stroke, (Arno & Rock, 2014). Strategies for Implementation Effort to improve the health state of the community, seem monumental when every patient is suffering from diabetes, smoking, lack of physical activity, dyslipidemia or has had some type of ischemic attack. Prevention is the most effective intervention that improves the outcomes of individuals and reduces the progression of disease processes, thereby reducing the degree of disability and suffering. One strategy that providers can implement is education with every patient encounter. In the first few minutes of every visit review smoking status, current diet, and physical activity...
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...Outliving our World MDM4U Del Monte 6.13.2015 Athanasios Sipsis ABSTRACT Table of Contents Introduction & Background Introduction to the report ______________________________________________ 1 Introduction to the report ______________________________________________ 2 Research Questions & Information from other studies ______________________ 3 Results Introduction to Results ________________________________________________ 4 The impact of CO2 Emissions __________________________________________ 5 Does income contain a correlation? ______________________________________ 6 How does smoking affect our life expectancy ______________________________ 7 How the leading causes of death relate ___________________________________ 8 How the health care has affected life expectancy ____________________________ 9 Future Studies Thing’s that could have been improved on _______________________________ 10 Conclusion A restatement of the work that has been done...
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...state, but the implications of the debate can have far reaching consequences. The most important social impact we have to consider is that marijuana has been believed to be a stepping stone drug that can lead to the addition to heroin, cocaine and other harmful drugs which are bad for the society. Allowing increased access could singlehandedly undermine the years of work law enforcement have spent to lower the use of drugs in America. In addition, it could create a new generation of drug users out of our children. These are not the on ills we would have to deal with however. Marijuana could be considered similar to the combination of smoking and alcohol use, because it encompasses the negatives of both. Much like alcohol affects the brain and the way it responds to stimuli e.g., reduction of inhibitions, slowed reaction time, marijuana has similar effects. When combined with driving, it can and has had deadly consequences. Car accidents will increase because of stoned drivers and there will be more death percentages as equivalent to drunk driving. How could we in good conscience allow something that dangerous on our highways and neighborhoods? This would not be the only damage that would be done by legalizing marijuana. Physical damage will be done to users who abuse the drug which could cause severe health problems in the long run. Smoking is already the leading cause of preventable death in the United Sates, and some would have us legalize a...
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...Natallia Harry Professor Deavers ENG 111/9 12.09.09 Smoking bans Lately, the health hazards connected with "passive smoking" or "second-hand smoke" - also known as "environmental tobacco smoke”, have been gradually getting increased recognition. The majority of people in modern society are aware that smoking can cause health problems not only in smokers but in people nearby. In recent years many cities, districts and whole states have cracked down on smoking in public. As of October 2009, nearly 60 percent of the U.S. population, or more than 175 million people, live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars – a figure that has nearly doubled in size in three years ( Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids). While the purpose of smoke-free laws is to protect health, some have expressed concern that an unintended side effect might be economic losses, especially within the hospitality industry. In fact, according to the Report of the Surgeon General ,who is the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government, “The results of all credible peer- reviewed studies show that smoke-free policies and regulations do not have a negative impact on business revenues … and they are the most effective way to improve worker and business health”( Report of the Surgeon General). The number of smokers in America is truly a staggering number; according to an in-depth study by the Institute of Medicine, approximately...
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...Smoking is a prevalent behavior all around world, and it brings about a series of risk consequences about health. According to WHO( 2009), more than 5 million people die from diseases related to tobacco use worldwide each year, and it is expected to grow. Even just the number of those who died from second hand tobacco smoke has increased up to 600,000 each year (WHO, 2009). In Australia, smoking is considered to be the key risk factor for the three diseases that cause most deaths: heart disease, stroke and lung cancer (Health Insite, 2010). It is responsible for around 80% of all lung cancer deaths and 20% of all cancer deaths, and additionally, smoking has also been linked to cancers of the mouth, bladder, kidney, stomach and cervix, among others. Smokers are also at increased risk of having reduced lung function from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(Health Insite, 2010). Using tobacco has been linked to a variety of other conditions, such as diabetes, peptic ulcers, some vision problems, and back pain. Smoking in pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth or premature birth (Health Insite, 2010). Meanwhile, the impact of smoking on children who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke includes a greater risk for respiratory illness, higher rates of respiratory tract infections, and sudden infant death syndrome (Dossey & Keegan, 2009). Moreover, smoking is a hard habit to get rid of, because tobacco contains nicotine which is highly addictive. Therefore, success in...
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...Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations “Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders have higher rates of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity than other minority populations.” (CDC, 2013). This is just one of many examples of how minority groups differ, and how health and health promotion/prevention vary from Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (NHPI) to the major population. Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education have a major impact on the NHPI group. The most current data available, paints a picture of poor health choices and many health disparities. With the NHPI group having higher death rates related to cancer in comparison to non-Hispanic whites (CDC, 2013). As previously stated, the NHPI group has poor health promotion, as they are the minority group with the highest smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity rates (CDC, 2013). The full-blooded Hawaiian people known as Kanaka Maoli, are estimated to be completely gone by year 2043 as a result of having “the worst health and socioeconomic indicators in Hawaii” (Louie, 2001). One health indicator is the prevalence of cancer in comparison to all US racial and ethnic groups. There are estimated 111 per 100,000 women with breast cancer in the Kanaka Maoli as compared to 86 per 100,000 for white women (Louie, 2001). Prior to the 1700’s, the Hawaiian natives believed in “ka mauli o k’aina a he mauli kanasa.” Which is a Hawaiian saying that pertains to protecting and maintaining the land directly effects the health...
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...Smoking and Lung Cancer Most people are aware of the fact that smoking causes lung cancer but people hardly know how or why the cancer develops. What does tobacco contains that gives the smoker the deadly disease of lung cancer? How many packs a day and for how long does a person have to smoke in order for him or her to develop this cancer? Are there any other conditions that are caused by smoking besides lung cancer? According to Jonathan Foulds in the article “Smoking and Lung Cancer,” the smoke contains dangerous chemicals such as benzopyrene and methylnitrosamino which are deposited into the lungs. Further, the chemicals cause DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation which end into malignant tumor growth (Foulds). Lung cancer destroys the respiratory tract from the mouth to the alveoli; in addition, major organs of the body are affected. Symptoms of lung cancer are coughing with blood in sputum, fever, and chest pain (Foulds). There are three main methods by which lung cancer may be diagnosed. According to Mark H. Beers of The Merck Manual of Medical Information, an x-ray of the chest, CAT scan, or biopsy may be done to diagnose lung cancer. Lung cancer is usually detected at a late stage, which does not give an individual many options for treatment. The treatment options include quitting smoking, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, oxygen therapy, and surgery (Beers). The purpose of this paper is to examine smoking and lung cancer by summarizing two articles on the topic...
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...WHO smoke-free city case study Advancing the enforcement of the smoking ban in public places – Davao City, Philippines © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre th Building, 9 Floor, 5-1, 1-chome, Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, 651-0073, Japan (fax: +81 78 230 3178; email: wkc@wkc.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind...
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