...“...the bourgeoisie has at last, since the establishment of Modern industry and of the worldmarket, conquered for itself, in the modern representative State, exclusive political sway…” – Karl Marx. Karl Marx in the communist manifesto, praises the Bourgeois for establishing a worldmarket, which gave birth to immense development in commerce, navigation, communication and expanding the industry. However, he also argues, that as the bourgeois continue to broaden the 22 capital market, it pushes back every other class to a lesser decreed. As the bourgeois developed, so did their political power. The bourgeois exploits the proletariat as laborers, a mere commodity to the means of production to further their own interests in establishing themselves as the dominant power. The bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, with them the whole relations of society 24. Therefore, as the bourgeois try to maximize their profits through the mechanics of competition and free trade, nations become interdependent on each other, and the proletariat is not only from one country or region, but an international set of people. The labourers, are seen as a means of production, and therefore to maximize profit (which is the key goal of capitalists), labours are are exploited to a degree of unfair working conditions, low wages and illtreatment as their availability or supply is more than its demand...
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...Karl Marx Communist Manifesto response paper Communism is justified seemed to be the message of Karl Marx throughout his Communist Manifesto and he even provides his reasoning and examples to prove his point. Marx describes history as the constant struggle for power between the proletariats and the bourgeois, between “freeman and slave, patrician and plebian, lord and serf…oppressor and oppressed” in “a fight that each time ended in either a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes” (Marx, 65). And that is where the goals of the proletariats and the communists matched up. Both groups wanted to consolidate the proletariats into a class and overthrow the bourgeois and allow the proletariats to gain political power. The communists wanted to further this revolution or overthrow of dominant power by taking control over bourgeois property because their property represented in a form the exploitation of the proletariats. (Marx, 78). This is true because the workers do not gain anything from working and the products that they produce ultimately represent something that had exploited them. Communism is further validated by Marx’s defense of Communism against the claims that communism does “ill” to society. Marx claims that “communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does it to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation” (Marx, 80)...
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...Chandler Western Civilization 27 November 2013 Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto is a book written by Karl Marx and Friederick Engels. It was written 70 years before the Russian Revolution overturned capitalism. There are many prefixes to it including, the 1872 German Edition, Preface to the 1882 Russian Edition, the 1883 German Edition, Preface to the 1888 English Edition, the 1890 German Edition, the 1892 Polish Edition, and the 1893 Italian Edition. It caused a revolution to arise in Paris, causing a wave of revolutions to spread throughout Europe, and marked the beginning of Marxism. Marx was born in Trier, Germany, in 1818. His family was German Jews. Most of the people in Trier were Catholic, but Marx's father decided to abandon their Jewish faith and become Protestant in order to keep his job as a lawyer. Marx received his Ph. D. at the University of Berlin. He planned to teach there, but could not obtain a position because he professed Atheism. Marx decided on a career in journalism and became the editor of the Bourgeois newspaper of Cologne in 1842. He was suppressed from the newspaper for his radical views and moved to Paris, where he met Friederick Engels and became life, long friends. In 1847, Marx and Engels joined the Communist League, a tiny group of German socialist revolutionaries. They were advocates of the radical working-class movement. They linked the Communist Manifesto to the struggles of the working class, also known as...
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...Title: The Communist Manifesto Author: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Source: http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html The Communist Manifesto has four major sections: The Bourgeois and Proletarians, The Proletarians and Communists, Socialist and Communist Literature, and The Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties. The first section, The Bourgeois and the Proletarians, calls the proletarians to recognize the harsh treatment of the bourgeois towards them. The bourgeois are the land owners that are only worried about the amount of money that they are able to make at the expense of the lower proletarian class. Marx and Engels make their point by comparing these two classes to the older feudal system in which the higher classes survived off the lower classes; however, this modern bourgeois class is abusing the work done by the proletarian class and treating them as just the power to make the modern machines run, nothing more. The proletarian class is the larger of the two classes by being the mass workforce, yet the bourgeois class “must feed them instead of being fed by them”. The proletarian must continue to work and increase capital for the bourgeois, otherwise if they do not there will no longer be a market for their work, therefore, putting them out of work. This starts the basis of why the Communists call to reform over the capitalist way of life. In the next section, Proletarians and Communists, this document shows...
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...Russab Ali Ihsan Sadi 9:30 – 11 AM The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx is an attempt to understand the goals of the Communist movement while also shedding light upon the theory that spurs the movement. The Manifesto claims that class warfare is a result of the exploitation of the lower class by the upper class and that this is the sole motivation behind revolts and major historical events. Marx believes that each individual era’s means of production defines who the upper and lower class are, but eventually problems arise. New ruling classes arise after a revolution caused by the unfair relationship between the classes and the forces of development. This cycle is repeated over and over again. Marx also argues against Capitalism. He states that modern society always creates a conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Marx also believes that capitalism will soon cease to be productive because of this conflict. In an age of strikes, how long can you go before everyone is on strike? Following the same pattern as before, he sees the working class leading a revolution and winning. However, there will be a slight twist. Whereas previous revolutions just reallocated ownership of property, this new class will have no way of doing so. Instead, they will cease all ownership of private property. Because classes are based on the ownership of property, this revolution will essentially end the notion of “classes.” To Marx this development is...
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...The first few chapters are biographical and give an overview of the sociopolitical and economic conditions in which both Marx and Engel were raised. Most specifically, the author dwells into the influence that both the Industrial Revolution in England and the Great Revolution in France had in the development of the collective philosophical thought of the time and triggered both Engels and Marx’s communist approach. Here I found it interesting to acknowledge how the invention of the steam engine seems to have been a sort of an Omen for the proletariat as it vanished its historical relationship with employers who consequently got rid of them giving preference to technology. This historical recollection seems to have an enormous implication on contemporary politics, as it parallels the agonizing conditions of many sectors in developing nations who are struggling with employment access given the proliferation of a globalizing and technological revolution ambiance. Overall, the author’s lexicon while posed as objectively inclined also seems to persuade the reader to play a participatory role in social issues despite possible ideological differences. To exemplify one must read between the lines when he mentions the role that students had during the 18th and 19th century in the opposition towards the bourgeoisie, and how Marx despite being raised in a more intellectual but still economically deprived environment, and Engel coming from a more religious and affluent background were able...
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...country, that without these lower members of society, a country would fall apart. Marx wanted to show the world this so he laid out a plan for Communism, with ten essential points. Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier in western German, the son of a successful Jewish lawyer. Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin, but was also introduced to the ideas of Hegel and Feuerbach. In 1841, he received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena. In 1843, after a short spell as editor of a liberal newspaper in Cologne, Marx and his wife Jenny moved to Paris, a hotbed of radical thought. There he became a revolutionary communist and befriended his lifelong collaborator, Friedrich Engels. Expelled from France, Marx spent two years in Brussels, where his partnership with Engels intensified. They co-authored the pamphlet 'The Communist Manifesto' which was published in 1848 and asserted that all human history had been based on class struggles, but that these would ultimately disappear with the victory of the proletariat. In 1849,...
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...Klarice Davis Josh Huber English 1000 September 2014 The Hunger Games through the Eyes of Karl Marx I grew up in a small town. Everyone knew your name and the reputation you held with it. If you had a well-regarded name in the town you had it all. Any sport you wanted to be on, you were on. Any club you wanted to participate in you were in (and probably the president too). Everything was easier for those who were ranked highly in the cast system of Sullivan, Missouri. In high school I was on dance team. There were eighteen girls, tremendous drama, and so much false security. My dance coach always favored one girl specifically. Her name was Lindsay and she was the daughter of the doctor in town. She was a very nice girl, I will admit, but her dancing skills were not up to par. About one month into my third season, our new coach announced she thought it would be a good idea to have a captain. That night all of the girls gossiped about who they thought would be the captain. We all concluded it would be the best dancer on the team, Sheri. The next day we gathered around our coach waiting anxiously for her to announce our new captain but it was not what we expected. She announced it would be Lindsay. Filled with anger, everyone began to file out the door. We had to anticipate eight months of being criticized and critiqued by a girl who could not even dance well. The first year went fluently. At times it was hard to be criticized by Lindsay but over time that did not bother...
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...The modern bourgeois society has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society. It has established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in the place of the old ones. All of history until now is the story of a series of class struggles. Each society has a characteristic economic structure. This structure breeds different classes, which are in conflict as they oppress or are oppressed by each other. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great camps. Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The discovery of America opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The place of manufacture was taken by giant, Modern Industry, the place of the industrial middle class, by industrial millionaires, the leaders of whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois. The bourgeoisie has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, illullic relations. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom-Free Trade. The bourgeoisie cannot exist without the constantly revolutionizing of the instruments of production. All old established national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged by new industries. The worker is commodified, and seen almost as a machine. The worker only matters because of what he produces, and he does not have control over what he produces. One trait of the...
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...The communist manifesto was composed by two influential theorists; the german Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels between 1820- 1895. The communist manifesto identifies with socialism and communism in our society. Socialism associates to human society who believes in equality and better social condition. The communist manifesto mentions the theorists ideas and teachings regarding to the Industrial Revolution to resolve the conflict between the middle class and the working class to make an end to the oppression penetrated by the Bourgaries to the society. In 1848 Karl Marx became engaged in the International Working Mens's association with the objective of creating communism and better equality. There was a main conflict between class structures...
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...My previous knowledge of Karl Marx was based on what was filtered through in my history books. Naturally, communism was depicted as inferior and a threat to democracy. The overall impression that I was left with is that communism is oppressive and encourages rebellion using any type of force to accomplish the goal. Now that I am being "forced" to read the Communist Manifesto, I cannot help but feel gyped by my former education. Once I got past the complex verbage, the text reminded me of Old Major's dream in the book Animal Farm. Old Major has a dream about equality and tells the other animals that man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He encourages them to put their entire being into achieving a successful revolt. On the surface that is the basis of communism. The manifesto itself also points out the flaws of capitalism. The workers never see the products of their labor because the capitalists or corporations claimed the profit for themselves. In other words, workers grew the grain; the landowners took it. Workers made the chairs; factory owners sold them and kept the profit. Marx saw this as a problem and how it would lead to massive exploitation of the workers. Marx was predicting globalization. Efficiency gains on a global scale are rising faster than the demand for new workers and it will lead to increasing poverty and starvation for the average worker of the world. Many of the rich becoming impoverished and falling down into the growing "proletariat"...
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...Essay question: | E. Imagine you are the host of a popular TV or radio talk show. Choose at least three theorists whose work we have read for this course (e.g. Kant, Foucault, Marx and Engels, Althusser, Said, Haraway, Decartes, Bordo, Fanon, de Beauvoir, Smith, Hobbes, Locke, Mitchell, Weber, Kropotkin, Brown) to invite to your show. Ask the theorists to debate one of the following topics: (a) Antiterrorism legislation in Britain; (b) the use of stop and search powers; (c) racial and class discrimination in the criminal justice system; (d) the English Riots that took place during the summer of 2011 | Debate: | A debate on the right to revolt: The English riots that took place during the summer of 2011 | Host | Thank you for tuning into Provoke, the live show that asks the questions that provoke your thoughts and gets you thinking. My name is Alison and I will be your host tonight. Our guest panel consists of 3 influential theorists: English philosopher and physician, John Locke, who has been credited for the enlightenment thinking and the construction of social contract theory. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (1964), who attack class distinction and the ruling class as an unjustified dominant force in society. Last but not least, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher who wrote the essay “What is Enlightenment?”, arguing that “enlightenment is man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage” (Schmidt, 1996, p. 58).Tonight’s debate will focus on the on the English riots, which...
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...Communist Manifesto Karl Marx was a philosopher that lived in the early nineteenth century, a time of great change and advancement of industry. During this timeframe, he wrote the Communist Manifesto as a way to explain the Communist's agenda as well as to address the hostility between the classes of the time; the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. Within the Communist Manifesto, he claims that the history of most past civilizations as the history of ongoing conflicts between classes and uses examples and rhetorical techniques as a way to gather support for his statement. These techniques are the use of allusion, cause/effect, and his choice of words and manner of speaking. Marx uses allusion as a way to inform others of how class struggles and antagonisms has always been present throughout history. While the names of such societal classes have changed over time, they have effectively remained very similar, if not the same. Rome's social classes consisted in order of power as, "patricians, Knights, Plebeians, slaves", while later in the Middle Ages, these classes were replaced by, "feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs" (paragraph 2). These...
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...Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, writers of the Manifesto of the Communist Party, reflected the conflict theory primarily discussing the two opposing parties, bourgeoisie and proletariat. This statement of belief opposes the ruling class, the bourgeoisie, as it has constantly coerced or deceived the working class just so to maintain social order. Marx and Engels believed “that by theorizing they were actively influencing history. The Communist Manifesto can be understood as one attempt to influence history by spreading information about the communist movement” (SparkNotes Editors, n.d.). In the conflict perspective, an organization functions to maximize their benefits. “The working class cannot simply lay hold of the ready-made state machinery, and wield it for its own purposes.” The working class cannot use to its advantage a capitalist-established structure. The political structure ruled by capitalists was favourable to their class. As Engels retells Marx’s idea “, (ever since the dissolution of the primeval communal ownership of land) all history has been a history of class struggles, of struggles between exploited and exploiting, between dominated and dominating classes at various stages of social development.” The whole world was said to be affected by these capitalists who wanted to “create a world after its own image.” Their view on society is parallel to an arena where fighting occurs to gain power and status. From the feudal society, a series of revolutions in the instruments...
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...In Karl Marx’s “Communist Manifesto” he discusses the Communist Party's view on the ownership and role of private property. While in a capitalist country, such as the United States, owning private property is a good thing that may symbolize a person being very successful/working hard, the Communist party definitely saw it in a different light, Marx even goes as far as to say, “the theory of Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property.” (Page 1192). While many of the other philosophers we’ve read about in class valued property and even based many of their theories around protecting property and a person’s right to it, Karl Marx has based most of his theory around the protection of workers and creating...
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