...CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA | Chapter I Membership Article 1 Any Chinese worker, farmer, member of the armed forces, intellectual or any advanced element of other social strata who has reached the age of eighteen and who accepts the Party's Program and Constitution and is willing to join and work actively in one of the Party organizations, carry out the Party's decisions and pay membership dues regularly may apply for membership in the Communist Party of China. Article 2 Members of the Communist Party of China are vanguard fighters of the Chinese working class imbued with communist consciousness. Members of the Communist Party of China must serve the people wholeheartedly, dedicate their whole lives to the realization of communism, and be ready to make any personal sacrifices. Members of the Communist Party of China are at all times ordinary members of the working people. Communist Party members must not seek personal gain or privileges, although the relevant laws and policies provide them with personal benefits and job-related functions and powers. Article 3 Party members must fulfill the following duties: (1) To conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, study the Party's line, principles, policies and decisions, acquire essential knowledge concerning the Party, obtain general, scientific and professional knowledge and work diligently to enhance their ability to serve the...
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...Censorship and the Chinese Communist Party: Sustainable Progress? The Communist Party of China despite the perceived benefits of Internet freedom has gone to great lengths to censor information and electronic communication of its people. Spending billions of dollars and a staggering amount of manpower, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) continues to filter its Internet causing human rights activists and political dissidents to cry foul. However, the CCP has successfully found an impossible balance between censoring content they deem subversive while taking away the opportunity for horizontal mobilization against the party all the while still taking an approach that doesn’t completely ban access to the internet allowing China to not fall behind other internet oriented countries. Although many argue that electronic censorship of any kind is detrimental to human and political rights at the expense of the regime’s power, the CCP’s approach in selective censorship of the Internet while maintaining the growth of the Internet as a budding industry has proven largely successful. The Communist Party’s recognition of the Internet as one of China’s greatest assets paired with its selective censorship of its content and its users continues to solidify the CCP’s power as the single party of China. Its continuation of censorship bears positive implications for China politically in strengthening national sovereignty, economically in improving economic prosperity, and socially in protecting...
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...this, Western Society believes that Mao was a dictator who was responsible for the death of 49-78,000,000 people during Mao’s reign: 38,000,000 from famine in the Great Leap Forward, 28,000,000 in the LaoGai Camps and 3,000,000 counterrevolutionaries’ participants. [1] Since there is such a difference in the opinions, it makes you wonder is there truth in the contradicting views of Mao. In China Mao was often seen as a militaristic leader who united China using clever strategic plans, whilst under times of turmoil. It is hard to argue against as I believe that it is almost true. Under Mao, there was the success of the Long March, triumphing in the Second Sino-Japanese war, Sino-Indian War and lastly the victory over the Nationalist Party. It makes me think: is it really possible for one man to do all that? For example on The Long March It was said that it was Mao’s Idea; Mao led the way, Mao who encouraged the marchers and so on. On the contrary, it was said he stayed way behind the front lines when there was fighting. Plus, it was Otto Braun (a Russian agent)’s idea to do a full scale retreat to Yan’an where the Chinese Communist’s Part Second Army was to be based. Retreat was the complete opposite of Mao’s plans which was to attack the Kuomintang. Despite this, I still think that, Mao is a militaristic leader, schemer and tactician. Even though the Long March was not his idea, he soon had control over the planning after the failings of Braun which resulted in the death...
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...Scene 1 – end of the song… DJ1: Biz.fm bringing you the latest hitz song of today, im Hafiz… and im Azim on the evening tea time show. Waddup waddup waddup yo that was the song by Carly Rae Jepson, Call me maybe. One of my girlfriend favourite song. Ok hafiz lets get back to our topic for today, the case of fiddle or not to fiddle. DJ2: Yes Azim, but before that we have a very special gift for you to grab, we have 4 pair of tickets to One Republic concert happening on this 23 October, 2 more days to go people, so hurry up and call now at 03-623 3322. DJ2: Lets have our first caller for today, hello whose on the line? C1: Hello its Ali! DJ1: Yea Ali may I know where are you from? C1: Im from Rembau. DJ2: Okay… Ali!! are you ready to win the ticket!? C1: Yeah! DJ1: Alright first I want to ask you what do you understand about corporate governance C1: Well I don’t expect this kind of questions being asked on a radio station, but I think I do know a little bit about corporate governance. It is a system by which a company are directed and controlled. The governance specifies the responsibilities among different participants in the corporation such as BOD, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders. It also specifies the rules and procedure for making decisions in corporate affairs. DJ2: Alright, I see you know your facts very well Ali. So let’s not waste time, here’s the question, in the fiddle or not to fiddle case, the foreign investor contribute capital and operational...
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...in the political philosophy of Marx and Lenin whose work he synthesised and altered, eventually focusing on the potentially revolutionary aspects of widespread revolution. Mao made a significant contribution to Marxist philosophy by concluding that in order to keep the results of a revolution in place, the revolution too had to be permanent. Mao launched the Cultural Revolution, motivated by this genuine desire to preserve and protect the revolution by making it impossible for China’s leaders to become comfortable and lead the nation to regress to capitalism. The Communist victory in 1949 and subsequent decade of control saw some slow improvements in the life of the ordinary Chinese, and few leaders of the CCP were adamant that a revolution was a necessary process for the nation to progress. Revolution was held to be a way for the masses to seize power in the classical Leninist way, with the formation of a Communist economy and culture coming by later, more conservative means. Yet the formation of the PRC would deviate significantly from the track of the Soviet Union, with continuous successions of revolutionary fervour in mass...
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...Chinese Revolution, in which Mao Zedong the leader of the Communist Party, attempted to implement his vision of a modern industrialized China. The Party won the support of the peasants, the largest class of people in China, as they were the first government party to try and improve peasant’s lives. Before the victory of the revolution, the Party focused on improving the lives of peasants by giving them land and an education. But after they gained power, the needs of peasants was no longer their focus as the Party was focusing on the rest of the country. The Chinese Communist Party represented the needs of peasants but not their independence, choices or wishes. The Communist Party gave the peasants land, but when the focus of...
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...The main event in the First Republic in the sixties was the inclusion of the Socialist party in the government, after the reducing edge of the Christian Democracy (DC) had forced them to accept this alliance; attempts to incorporate the Italian Social Movement (MSI) in the Tambroni government led to riots, and were short-lived. Aldo Moro, a relatively left-leaning Christian democrat, inspired this alliance. He would later try to include the Communist Party as well, with a deal called the historical compromise. This attempt at compromise was, however, stopped by the kidnapping and murder of Moro in 1978 by the Red Brigades, an extremist left-wing terrorist organization. The Communist party was at this point the largest communist party in western Europe, and remained such for the rest of its existence. Their ability to attract members was largely due to their pragmatic stance, especially their rejection of extremism, and to their growing independence from Moscow (see Eurocommunism). The Italian communist party was especially strong in areas like Emilia Romagna, where communists had been elected to stable government positions. This practical political experience may have contributed to their taking a more pragmatic approach to politics. [edit] The Years of Lead See also: Strategy of tension On 12 December 1969 a roughly decade-long period of extremist left- and right-wing political terrorism, known as the years of lead (as in the metal of bullets, Italian: anni di piombo)...
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...Understanding China’s Political System The Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Party) has been in power in China for more than six decades, a record of longevity that rivals and could one day surpass that of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.2 The CCP assumed power in 1949 by means of a civil war victory over the forces of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists, who moved the seat of their Republic of China government to the island of Taiwan. The Communists named their new regime the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Although the CCP has been continually in power since, China’s political institutions and political culture have evolved significantly over those decades, with the CCP’s willingness to adapt helping to explain why it has, so far at least, avoided the fate of its sister parties in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Today, although the Party is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power and is intolerant of those who question its right to rule, analysts consider the political system to be neither monolithic nor rigidly hierarchical. Jockeying among leaders and institutions representing different sets of interests is common at every level of the system. Sometimes fierce competition exists among the members of the Communist Party’s nine-man Politburo Standing Committee and 25-member Politburo, China’s highest decision-making bodies. It also exists among ministries; between ministries and provincial governments, which are equals in bureaucratic...
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...into modernity. A number of factors were present in China at the turn of the century that would led to the gradual establishment of Communist rule under the charismatic, enigmatic Mao Zedong. At the time of the CCP's inception in 1920 China was a deeply divided socially, economically and politically backward country ruled by self-serving, despotic war-lords and encumbered by foreign powers who held unequal treaties which entitled them to special economic and territorial privileges in China, a source of great discontent to the Chinese people. This great social upheaval gave rise to new and more radicalized schools of thought, led by disenchanted intellectuals who strove to unify China and rid her of her many tyrannical overlords.The Nationalist KMT Party were the Communists main contender for power; not only were they the public face of politics in China, they also had the backing of Soviet Russia, but, over time Chiang Kai-Shek and the KMT would come to represent consummate despotism; Siphoning of public funds, their brutality towards the people, their liaisons with the U.S.A, and their appeasement of Japan all led Chiang and his Government losing legitimacy in the eyes of the people. The Long March although arduous and cost the lives of many of those who took part in it, but it was also a period of momentous change both in the fortunes of the party as they had now established strong peasant support due to land reforms and...
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...Government Overall Since 1949, the People's Republic of China was established in the country by the communists who still govern it today by the Communist Party of China (PCC), whose monopoly on power is guaranteed by the Chinese constitution. The current president is Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao is the prime minister. There are other political parties in the country, though mainly serve to endorse the policies adopted by the PCC. There are signs of political opening, with competitive elections in village and town levels, but these are slim. The Communist Party still maintains effective control over government nominations. Although the Constitution contains rights and individual guarantees, the People's Republic of China is considered one of the least free countries in terms of press freedom and censorship is common for expression of views and information related to the government. China is often criticized by NGOs and other governments due to serious violations of human rights, as in the case of arrests of political activists without trial, forced confessions, torture, mistreatment of prisoners and others. China was then characterized as a country governed by laws and authoritarian policies, communists and socialists. Censorship of political speech and information, including the Internet, is openly and routinely used to silence criticism of the government and the Chinese Communist Party. The government represses the demonstrations from organizations and beliefs that it considers a...
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...Genghis Khan, first known as Temujin, was the son of a leader of a Mongolian tribe. He was brought up in a time of warring tribes and factions. Genghis Khan was a fierce and brilliant military commander, who achieved unprecedented success in setting Ghengis Khanup an Empire which stretched across Europe and Asia. His Mongol armies left a trail of fear, death and destruction. But, he also created a vibrant empire with a common language, booming trade, tolerance of religion and some basic customs and laws( Pettinger., 2010). Arguably the most famous Asian of the last 2,000 years, Genghis Khan created an empire that was more than twice the size of any other conqueror's in history, and that endured for more than a century and a half after his death. Almost everything we know about him came from the descendants of people he conquered, and they have seen him as merely one of many bloodthirsty savages -- such as Attila the Hun and Tamerlane -- who periodically erupted from the steppes like some evil force of nature to ravage the superior civilizations around them(Weatherford, 2000). Although Genghis Khan was a great conqueror, he never stopped becoming open to new cultures and he was very open to learn from the technologies, practices and even religions of the different territories he conquered. A great leader never stops learning and it is the key to your success too. You must be humble enough to realize that you can learn from anyone, anywhere no matter how far you have come as...
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...adaption of the autobiography of Li Cunxin. To begin with, I will speak about the Cultural Revolution in China, where the story is set. Li’s story took place during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution. This revolution took place from 1966 to 1976, lead by Mao Zedong, who was the leader of the Communist Party of China at the time. The Cultural Revolution led to millions of people being persecuted and thousands more being killed. Because of the Cultural Revolution, people no longer had freedom of speech and actions. If anyone was found criticising the Government or taking part in anti-communist operations, they would be arrested immediately. Generally, the people of China took to the idea of communism because they had been convinced and continually told that communism would bring great wealth to China. This was great news to the people of China because they had suffered a famine, which lead to the death of millions of people. The Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1976, after Chairman Mao died. Those found to be part of The Gang of Four, a group of Chinese Communist Officials, were arrested for treasonous crimes. In Mao’s Last Dancer, it is shown how Li was taught at school in Shandong that Chairman Mao would end poverty in China. After he arrived at the Beijing Dance Academy when he was 11 years old, not only was he taught dance but also in more depth about how Mao was the great leader and how Communism was the...
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...protecting its culture, so it tried to avoid improving relationships with foreign countries. For centuries China have had pure culture. But after the communist regime in China, there occurred lots of policy change especially in economy. Till 1949, China was trying to feed only its own nation, the productivity is sufficient for itself; afterwards China speed up its productivity. That is surprising for the rest of the world. In lots of sectors China’s products start to be sold; so everyone think about an important question: “How did China develop so rapidly?” The answer is not single because development requires a continuous and successive process. Through this process China have passed some stages successfully, one of these stages is political reforms and as a result economic reforms. In order to better understand the success of Chinese economy today first the process of political development that China has passed through should be analysed. *Teng-hui (1995) reports the political reforms of China from 1930’s till 1990’s.For two thousand years China was administrated by an emperor. It did not have a democratic regime. Between 1937 and 1945 there had been a war against Japan and after that the Chinese Communist Party revolted. In 1948 ROC (republic of China) developed formally the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion. The following year Taiwan was located again by ROC. Due to the threats of Communism the Temporary Provisions standed for 43 years till...
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...In China from very early times, men have been seen as the core of the family. The point when women enter the early historic record, it is regularly on the grounds that they brought on men issues. Some women conspired to advance their own sons when their husband had sons by several women. Women’s loyalties were often in question. Women had no separate property rights, nor did they have parental rights over their youngsters assuming that they decided to leave their spouses. Numerous endured compelling misuses at the hands of their life partners and in-laws. All around their lives, ladies were required to comply with their fathers, spouses, and children thus. From their exceptionally conception a female child was powerless to homicide by her guardians. In the event that an infant young girl survived outcome of their parents decision due to the One-Child Policy, she developed into an adolescent women confronting the likelihood of assault by strangers, conceivable suitors, neighbors, or even relatives. In the same way as other misuses against women, assault was on the rise. However due to Mao Zedong the status of women in China were improved literacy and educational wise. Despite Chairman Mao's notion that "anything men can do, women can do too", the situation for women remains unstable. One of the more constructive impacts of Mao Zedong on the individuals of China was Mao's perspective of women. He guaranteed that women held up half of the sky and revoked foot binding; a practice...
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...born on August 22, 1904 in Guang’an, rising through political ranks to become the communist leader who ruled China from the late 1970s until 1997. He abandoned many communist doctrines and incorporated elements of the free-enterprise system into the economy. Deng engineered reforms in virtually all aspects of China's political, economic and social life, restoring the country to domestic stability and economic growth after the excesses of the Cultural Revolution though cementing an inequality gap as well. His regime was also marked by the 1989 massacre of demonstrators in Tiananmen Square. Xiaoping died on February 19, 1997. Early Life Deng Xiaoping was born Deng Xixian on August 22, 1904 in Guang’an, part of the Sichuan province of China. The son of a well-to-do landowner, Deng joined the Chinese Communist Party while in high school and traveled to France and later Moscow before returning to his home country in 1926. Revolutionary Organizer Deng Xiaoping joined China’s burgeoning communist revolution, led by Mao Zedong, as a political and military organizer. He cut his revolutionary teeth on the fabled “Long March” of 1934-35 when the fledgling Chinese Communist movement escaped capture by the Nationalist Chinese Army. War broke out against Japan in 1937 and Deng served as educational leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, helping it grow into a large military machine during the Communist Revolution, 1946-49. Mao initially praised Deng Xiaoping for his organizational...
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