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Community Health Task 2

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Community Health and Population­Focused Nursing
Task 2
Laurie Webster
000515728
January 3, 2016

Requirements:
A. Analyze the selected communicable disease outbreak ( suggested length of 2–3 pages)

by doing the following:
Measles

Measles are a highly contagious disease and the first documented case was in the 9th century. According to the History of Vaccine website measles were first discovered in the
US in 1657 in Boston, Massachusetts.
(
http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles
). It is caused by the paramyxovirus family. This virus affects the mucous membranes then spreads to the rest of the body. Before vaccinations measles cause 2.6 million deaths.
(
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/
) The spread of measles is highly contagious and is transmitted from one person to the next through coughing and sneezing.
In 2014, there was an outbreak of measles in the US caused by travelers from the
Philippines. Measles crosses the borders when one infected person travels over the border and transmits the disease. ( http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html )

Epidemiological Determinants
Measles are highly contagious in the unvaccinated person and is spread through contact of nasal and throat secretions. This could be from coughing or sneezing, also through direct contact. The virus remains contagious for up to 2 hours on surfaces and in the air. It also can be spread for up to 4 days before the rash appears and up to 4 days after the rash erupts. ( http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html ) Vaccines for the measles came out and licensed in 1963. Since then there have been several improvements to the vaccine. If a person is vaccinated they are most likely protected from the disease. However, unvaccinated people are prone to the disease. If you are unvaccinated and around someone who coughs or sneezes around you with the measles you are very prone to contracting them yourself. There are those individuals with a weaker immune system that may not be able to be vaccinated
(http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html).

Children under 5 and adult over 20 seem to suffer from complications of the measles.
Common complications are diarrhea and ear infections. More serious complications are pneumonia, which is the most common cause of death from measles, and encephalitis.
(http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html)

Outbreak in Community
If there was an outbreak in my community it would involve basically those who are unvaccinated and would have a small affect on the community. Health care facilities would be busier and have to take extra precautions for anyone coming into the facility. Schools and daycares would probably not allow kids in that were running a fever or have a rash until they were cleared from the doctor. If there was an outbreak in a certain facility it would be closed down until it could be cleaned. Reporting Protocol

If there was a reported case I would report it to Multnomah County Health department,
They would in turn report to the Oregon State health department who would report to the
CDC. This needs to be reported immediately. Plan to let key stakeholders know
If there was an outbreak of the measles in the community key stakeholders would be notified by email or phone. Once the first notification went out then media such as newspapers, TV news and radio would be notified. It would also be on social media. Strategies
Strategies that I would recommend to prevent an outbreak is patient education first. People need to be aware of the dangers of not vaccinating their children and themselves. Then there would be a push for vaccinations. I think billboards, posters and handouts given to people to remind them to get their vaccinations should be in place.

References http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/

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