...Nguyen Student ID : 100010779 Exploring Justice, Fairness and Organizational sustainability in the international environment: The case of 2010 Gulf of Mexico Exploring Justice, Fairness and Organizational sustainability in the international environment: The case of 2010 Gulf of Mexico Abstract This study leverages insights from the literature of organizational sustainability, stakeholder theory as well as the notion of organizational justice and fairness to help answer the question as to how companies should morally prioritize corporate social responsibility, corporate accountability and stakeholder claims. In this paper, I also utilized the concept of corporate social responsibility as well as the triple bottom line in order to form my own model of sustainability. This model is used to analyze the case of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spills which was claimed as the responsibility of British Petroleum. I also addressed the strong relationship between organizational justice and organization sustainability with the conclusion that by enhancing organizational justice and fairness, organizations will be able to obtain its sustainable development in the long terms. Moreover, it is important to note that this article mostly focus on the sustainability regarding to three dimensions of economic, environmental and social, analyzing the real-world problems in order to emphasize the importance of philosophical roots of sustainability. Perhaps the result came out from this study...
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...Corporate Sustainability and NGO-Activism: The Case of Corporate Watch Description and analysis of the mission, concept and impact of Corpwatch Corpwatch is an independent non-profit organization dealing with environmental, social and other topics. Therefore investigative research and journalism is practiced to inform public about environmental issues and to increase transparency. The organization was founded in 1996 in the San Francisco Bay Area. The project was started by the Tides Center and is led by a six-member Executive Committee of the Advisory Board. The foundation from which the organization emerged and evolved was the book, The Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in the Age of Globalization, written by 's founder Joshua Karliner, and published by Sierra Club Books in 1997. Another strong affiliated organization are the Friends of the Earth International. CorpWatch puts itself as a part of a diverse global movement for human rights, social justice, environmental sustainability, peace, corporate transparency and accountability. The Mission The vision of Corpwatch is to promote human, environmental, social and worker rights at the local, national and global levels by making corporate practices more transparent and holding corporations accountable for their actions. Actions, decisions, and policies undertaken and pursued by private corporations are seen with a huge impact on public life without public control, but only few mechanisms to hold them...
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...Global risks: Economic Risks Risks in the economic category include fiscal and liquidity crises, failure of a major financial mechanism or institution, oil-price shocks, chronic unemployment and failure of physical infrastructure on which economic activity depends. Environmental Risks Risks in the environmental category include both natural disasters, such as earthquakes and geomagnetic storms, and man-made risks such as collapsing ecosystems, freshwater shortages, nuclear accidents and failure to mitigate or adapt to climate change. Geopolitical Risks The geopolitical category covers the areas of politics, diplomacy, conflict, crime and global governance. These risks range from terrorism, disputes over resources and war to governance being undermined by corruption, organized crime and illicit trade. Societal Risks The societal category captures risks related to social stability – such as severe income disparities, food crises and dysfunctional cities – and public health, such as pandemics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the rising burden of chronic disease. Technological Risks The technological category covers major risks related to the growing centrality of information and communication technologies to individuals, businesses and governments. These include cyber attacks, infrastructure disruptions and data loss. Ten Global Risks of Highest Concern in 2014 1 Fiscal crises in key economies 2 Structurally high unemployment/underemployment ...
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...Current Sociological Theories and Issues in Tourism Your Name Institution Name Current Sociological Theories and Issues in Tourism The journal studies the development of sociological issues from the 20th century to the present day. It traces the foundation of these theories to the current events that are studied today. The author notes that postmodern era arguments were based on relations between western modernity and tourism. In the recent past, sociology theories have changed due to dynamism in human behavior and a broader definition of authenticity. Due to the different shifts occurring in the society today the journal concentrates on current sociology theories. The theory discussed in this article are reviewed in through three perspectives of the modern world that are Mobility, Performativity approach, and the actor network theory (p. 2178). The journal outlines the chronology of various changes that have been witnessed in the tourism sector over the years. The journal elucidates the significant historical events affecting contemporary tourism. Three theories are used to explain these changes and their impacts on tourism, these include performativity, mobilities, and the ANT approaches (p. 2195). Through evaluating the three postulations, a shift that occurred from the earlier authenticity discourses to tourist gaze is well evident. Moreover, the problems in the tourism sector are also evaluated. However, the article concentrates only with the Western travel...
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...as well as the big political and economic decisions that affect many. It is clear that environmental degradation tends to impose the largest costs on those generations that are yet to be born. We can only improve sustainable development when it will put an emphasis on involving citizens and stakeholders. Ultimately, the vision will become reality only if everybody contributes to a world where economic freedom, social justice and environmental protection go hand in hand, making our own and future generations better off than now.1 Sustainability has emerged as a challenge before entire civilization. The challenge before us is to reduce disparity through capacity building and providing poor and dispossessed access to the knowledge and resources needed for meaningful life. National Development through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability ensures the well-being of individual by integrating business practices in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner that is transparent and ethical. CSR is about not only complying with the law in a due diligent way but also about taking account of society’s needs and finding more effective ways to satisfy existing and anticipated demands in order to build more sustainable businesses. It is about using innovation to find creative and value-added solutions to societal and environmental challenges. It is about engaging shareholders & stakeholders and...
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...Crowther (2007) integrated key attributes of sustainable activities, namely Societal influence, Environmental impact, Organisational culture and Finance, in conjunction with internal-external and short-term long-term context to develop the sustainable development guiding framework for corporations, i.e. Model of Sustainable Development. Visser (2010) proposed the concept of CSR 2.0, highlighting five dimensions (C)reativity, (S)calability, (R)esponsiveness, (2) glo-cality and 0) or circularity as the five targets for future CSR activities. Unilever’s CSR efforts in 2012 are analysed using the above models and short conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness and overall accountability and transparency achieved by the company. Model of Sustainable Development Theoretical Background Many executives are realising that an enterprise’s environmental and societal impacts influence business long term viability as much as financial performance (Lawler and Worley, 2012). This trend is clearly presented in a recent study by the United Nations (2013) since 96% of surveyed CEOS believe that sustainability is crucial to future success of their companies and they have certain plans to ensure sustainability. Owing to the importance of sustainability in contemporary business, it is of utmost important for firms to understand the meaning of and to develop strategic plan in managing sustainability. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED, 1987) defined sustainable development...
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...competitive advantages. It continues to result in new management and marketing concept. Social responsibilities of companies are amongst recent challenges and it has become the subject of increasing debate. Different opinions are there regarding companies which follow their individual business interest and believe that social responsibility has no real meaning for them. People also trust the progressive improvement of the behaviour of companies who are in favour of social interest. It also focuses on another broader direction as whether the social sensibility of companies to develop themselves under legal and social pressure, influenced by requirements of sustainable development, or companies are increasingly recognizing competitive advantage of respecting social interest in their business activities(Vagasi Maria,2014). The management literature suggests that sustainability requirements play an important role regarding business operations in the 21st century. It interprets social expectations in determining economic, environmental and social well-being, altogether. An increasing number of publications reveal that the...
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...including an environmental analysis of a mining company, as well as an evaluation of the industry’s corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsiveness and finally the corporate social performance. The Mining Industry is one of the World’s largest industries. The ‘idea’ of mining dates back to the beginning stage of civilization. Some examples of early mining can be found in Egypt, Europe and the Philippines. As of now, top mining countries are South Africa, Russia, Australia, Ukraine and Guinea. This industry faces constant technology advancement, consequently it is an expensive investment, with large profit. The Mining Industry can be controversial when looked through an ethical lens. This Industry is analysed through four perspectives. * The utilitarianism perspective, an act is morally right if the outcome benefits the greatest amount of people; * The rights perspective, basically, important entitlements that should be respected and protected in every action; * The justice perspective, fair treatment of individuals in a situation where everyone is involved and gets what they deserve to; * The virtue perspective, morally correct behaviour is practiced by virtuous characters. A main concept when evaluating from an ethical lens is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR is economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society. There has been an increasing attention to CSR of companies within the Mining...
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...CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT Unit 46 Assignment Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 I. The development of global, European and national policies relating to sustainability. 2 1. Changing attitudes of public, politicians and businesses to the environment since 1945 .................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Brundtland definition of ‘sustainable development’ .................................................. 4 3. The international and UK policies to sustainable development since Earth Summit of 1992 ................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Triple bottom line........................................................................................................ 5 II. The commercial case for considering social and environmental matters in business management .......................................................................................................................... 6 1. 2. 3. Stakeholders and how they impact on business policies ........................................... 6 Is adopting CSR policies cost-saving? .......................................................................... 7 Primark Ethical Trading ................................
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...SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT AS A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE ABSTRACT Environmental protection is a recent concept, developed in the international or regional human right protection systems or mechanisms. In those early days, especially when modern human rights protection mechanisms such as UDHR, ICCPR, IESCR and other human rights instruments adopted, the concern given to environmental protection was not that much significant . The only few provisions in these instruments recognizes some rights like the right to healthy and favorable condition of work, the right to get adequate food, clothing and shelter and the like. It was during in 1992, earth summit, that the relationship between human rights and sustainable environment is addressed. The need for the protection of environment becomes a necessity. In fact environment is a totality of human life; it means that it is sources of food, clothing, and shelter. The denial of environmental protection could bring about the denial of some fundamental rights such as the right to health, life, food and so on. It is true that, environment should be properly managed in order to make it favorable to human life. However; the effort to protect the environment faces different challenges like the issue of locus-standi, justifiability, conflict between developmental efforts and environmental protection, burden of proof, lack of cooperation among states and imbalance...
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...What is sustainability? 1) Means of sustainability Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. To pursue sustainability is to create and maintain the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony to support present and future generations. Sustainability could be defined as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It’s about taking what we need to live now, without jeopardising the potential for people in the future to meet their needs. 2) Sustainable development Brundtland Report Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Highlight – i) eco-justice * has a long-term focus and recognises that consumption of resources should not affect the quality of life of future generations. * ability to meet the needs of all current inhabitants with consider poverty (access to basic food, water and shelter) ii) eco-efficiency * a focus on the efficient use of resources to minimize their impact to environment * without causing any damage to the environment and society. It also relates to main 3 areas 1) environment development * environment issue like toxic waste dumping, illegal logging, open burning and indiscriminate land clearing * environmental sustainability means the capacity to increase and bring...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility, Course 2016 FE1 EDHEC Nice Tutorial 3 BP, Deepwater and Sustainability Reporting The Deepwater Horizon oil rig fire and explosion on April 20, 2010, killed 11 men and caused one of the largest marine oil spills in history. The leak from the undersea well flowed for 87 days and polluted an estimated 68,000 square miles of the Gulf of Mexico waters and nearly 500 miles of coastline from Louisiana to Florida. At the moment of the accident BP was the leaseholder and operator of the Maconda well located off the coast of Louisiana. The company was ultimately responsible for conducting operations there safely and in respect of the environment. BP hired Transocean Ltd (the owner of the drilling rig Deepwater Horizon) to provide the vessel and drilling crew to implement BP’s operations of the Maconda well. 1 Investigations established that bad management on the Deepwater Horizon resulted in poor safety on the rig. The US chemical safety board concludes that a last-ditch safety device on the underwater well had multiple failures and wasn't tested properly. It found that the cause of the initial explosion involved multiple screw-ups with cement, drilling mud, fluid pressure, botched tests, management problems and poor decisions. The blowout preventer sealed the well temporarily, but then it failed and that caused the massive spill. 1 For a description of BP’s implication in the Deepwater Horizon accident you can also read Cherry...
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...the nexus of class, health, and environmentalism. As a recently accepted MSW student at Temple University, I would like to obtain a MSW/MPH dual degree with a concentration in environmental health to further understand how exposure to environmental hazards and environmental policy influences the health and sustainably of communities. Exposure to harmful environmental hazards is disproportionate among the classes, and as such, research opportunities regarding the intersection of class, health, and environmentalism is ample. As an undergraduate religious studies major, one interest of mine, which was inspired by the class Religion and the Earth, has been how religious communities conceive of environmental degradation. My scholarly interest has evolved to a primary concern of how class can negatively impact one’s health....
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...In today's business, the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is well-known that corporations should act in a social responsible manner. With the growth of globalization of multinational and transnational operations, corporations are becoming more connected and in a world that is striving to improve one's conceptions in social responsibilities. Corporate governance had been a prime focus for many businesses; however, there is more interest for the integration of CSR elements in a company's mission and values, risk management and business strategy, and CSR performance reporting. (Strandberg 2008) CSR seeks to deliver economic, social and environmental considerations while managing sustainability in the short-term and long-term decision making of a corporation. In many corporations, the board of directors roles and responsibilities is to provide the overall direction and strategy for the business (Boland 2009). With the growing interest of CSR, it puts more speculation on the activities and decisions directors make for the organization's day to day operations which affects stakeholders, investors, employees and customers. This causes a conflict on the compensation of the directors or officers. A corporation that is too focused on maintaining sustainability through CSR will take away of the performance and objectives of the company. On the other end, corporations that do not participate in CSR or CSR is not an important aspect in their strategy will suffer poor perceptions...
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...(http://informationclearinghouse.info/article12998.htm), is a documentary-style film about the ethical behavior of companies. It mainly focuses on American based multinational corporations. While the film has a clear and pervasive bias against corporate culture and behavior, it does raise many disturbing questions. As the views presented in the film are not necessarily outside of the mainstream, corporate entities should endeavor to understand the basis for the accusations, determine if there is any truth to them, formulate ways to change business behavior (if appropriate), and communicate the truth about intentions and actions in a clear and compelling way in the public forum. Section I: Five Principle Ethical Arguments The film argues that multinational corporations continue to act unethically in the following capacities: Human Rights Violations Corporations systemically use child labor. Conditions in depressed geographic areas constitute unsafe work conditions. Wages are intentionally kept at “poverty level” to increase investment and decrease cost. Corrupt authoritarian regimes are backed by multinationals to maintain control of the population for pure profit with wanton disregard to the acts of that regime. Human capital is regarded is expendable, and once the area is used up or wages rise too high, the corporation simply moves on to a cheaper locale. Intentional Environmental Harm Companies intentionally pollute the environment, as it is more cost effective than to engage in...
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