...The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the differences and similarities associated with Carl Roger’s Client-centered theory and Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory. The focus of the comparisons will fall into the three main topic areas: that of optimal personality development, that of the nature of problem formation, and that of the process of learning and change. The two theorists differ in approach in that Psychoanalytic theory is basically deterministic while Person-Centered therapy is rooted in humanistic and existential philosophies. Freud concurred that behavior was determined by both unconscious motivators and through instinctual drives that evolved during the first six years of life (Corey, 1996). The deterministic view focuses on the belief that past experiences unconsciously are reflected in present behaviors. Freud proposed that only after the client gained insight into the unconscious could he or she operate by choice rather than that of habit (Corey, 1996). Person-Centered therapy is more humanistic in nature and has some traits associated with existentialism, apparent in the lack a specific set of techniques. A difference between the humanistic view and the deterministic view is that humanism is based on the concept that the client has the freedom to make conscious choices and will automatically grow in positive ways (Corey, 1996). The deterministic philosophy assumes that behavior is driven by a source of unconscious motivation. Optimal Personality...
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...estalt Therapy Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that relates to the process of human perception and works on a basic concept of the Gestalt approach «The whole is different from the sum of its parts.» This approach in Gestalt psychotherapy describes the process of perception in addition to the psychic equipment in general. The Gestalt approach originated from research that was initiated by psychologists specializing in human perception which demonstrated that humans do not recognize objects as separate elements and instead organize the objects into significant totalities via the process of perception. The concept of Gestalt psychotherapy was then formally developed by Fritz Perlsduring the 1950s, a well known psychiatrist and psychotherapist that initiated an entirely new approach to psychotherapy. The name «Gestalt» means «form» and is derived from Hans-Jurgen Walter's «Gestalt Theory Psychotherapy» which is based on Gestalt psychology. Gestalt psychology relates to the interconnection of the individual and the increase in awareness where the individual's senses and behaviors merge together. Gestalt therapywas created to help individuals with problem solving. Fritz Perls noticed that the concept of individualism was a positive one but there was also a reverse side to this theory. The people who were looking for the answer to their hopes and dreams looked to Gestalt therapy as the answer which eventually became a weak point in the methodology. He added that for a...
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...Compare and contrast person centered and cognitive behavioural approaches understanding and making use of the counseling relationship Introduction This assignment is an attempt to discuss two different types of therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and person centered therapy and highlight some important similarities and differences between them. Cognitive behavioural therapy John Watson (1957) believed psychology should be concerned with the observable, as behaviour could be measured and influenced (McLeod, 2008). Skinner, (1953) cited in McLeod (2008), believed a person has a repitior of possible responses to a stimuli and they exhibits the response that is reinforces or rewarded (operant conditioning). The central theme of Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is that thoughts connect (mediate) an event (stimuli) with an emotion. In other words it’s not the stimuli itself that elicits an emotional response but the interpretation (belief) of the stimuli. Ellis’s (1962) ABC model can be used to monitor reactions to an event. (McLeod 2008), A = activating event (actual event, attitude or action of an individual), B = beliefs about the event, C = the emotion or behavioral consequences; Ellis suggests, that C is determined by B. i.e. one person not being successful at an interview may think the competition must have been strong, another may think they don’t deserve a good job, they are stupid etc (McLeod 2008). CBT suggests that distress is caused...
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...Biblical Counseling: Compare and Contrast Secular Counseling Theories 1 The definition of counseling in Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary says “professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes” (counseling. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/counseling ). Each person was brought into this world with brokenness, temptations and sin. We are all a work in progress and it takes daily reliance on Christ to overcome our challenges. However, we can trust that “being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” (Phil 1:6) When someone seeks out counseling it’s usually for help in dealing with pain, hurt, depression, or seeking counsel about situations in their life that need to be addressed. The intent of this paper is to compare and contrast the parallel between Dr. Larry Crabb’s biblical model of teaching in Christian counseling theories with scientific proven methods to counsel and treat individuals with these secular counseling models Cognitive- Behavior Therapy (CBT), Rogers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), and Ellis’s Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Goal of Christian Counseling When looking at the accepted counseling standards, theories...
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...benefits of forgiveness therapy. The authors, Lin et al, show interest in forgiveness therapy for inpatient substance-dependent clients and whether it will help to reduce anger, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, forgiveness, and vulnerability to drug use. Lin et al noticed that the level of anger and violence was higher in alcohol and other substance abusers in comparison to the general population, as recorded in previous studies. It is believed that certain triggers, anger and frustration, can cause relapse in both intrapersonal and interpersonal areas (Marlatt, 1985). Lin et al reviews previous study results based on the typical alcohol and drug therapy (Cognitive-Behavior therapy) where the participants are encouraged to be aware of their anger but not necessarily to decrease their anger or negative emotions. However, one study conducted by Reilly and Shopshire showed a decrease in levels of anger and an increase in anger control with a group of Pos -traumatic Stress disorder patients. The article refers to a group of researchers who have worked towards developing a new therapeutic approach to anger termed forgiveness therapy. They believe that unforgiveness can become problematic. The forgiveness therapy makes the recipients aware of forgiveness and not condoning of past injustices. The individual is given the choice to decide to forgive and learning the skills to forgive. According to the article, great results were found with this therapy of which are displayed...
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...Compare and Contrast Paper Frank A. Daniels JR Liberty University 169567 Thesis In my reading I find that Dr. Crabb is very intriguing a very intellectual writer and has a way of convincing the reader with his philosophies. I will discuss the four perspectives: Goal of Christian Counseling, Basic Concepts, Basic Strategy, and Developing a Counseling Program in the local Church as recorded in Effective Biblical Counseling. Then will Compare and Contrast the assigned articles listed in the course. Goal of Christian Counseling Dr. Crabb, stated, “many of us place top priority not on becoming Christ like in the middle of our problems but on finding happiness. People want to be happy but the paradoxical truth is that you will never be happy if you are concerned primarily with becoming happy. Your goal must be in every circumstance to respond biblically, to put the Lord first, to seek to behave, as He would want you to. The wonderful truth is that as we devote all our energies to the task of becoming what Christ wants us to be, He fills us with joy unspeakable and peace far surpassing what the world offers. We must reject the goal of becoming happy and adopt the goal of becoming more like the Lord” (Crabb, 1977, p20). Most people look for happiness in tangible things that you can feel touch or see and still find that they are coming up short and unhappy after the high has settled...
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...and psychological cigarette dependence • Compare and contrast smoking cessation aids as nicotine replacement therapy and medications • Develop a referral smoking cessation list resources Instructional Objective Statements: Given a list of cigarette’s addictive substances and enhancers, after completion of Week 1 Session of the program, as a group students will be able to identify at least 10 reasons for their addictive or enhancing characteristics, satisfying each listed criteria of the “addictive/enhancer characteristic rubric”. After watching the video titled “THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON TOBACCO: A Research Update”, after completion of Week 2 Session, students will write an essay describing nicotine’s effect on the human brain, following listed requirements of the “effects of nicotine essay” rubric. After listening and watching an instructor facilitated PowerPoint presentation of physiological, behavioral, and psychological cigarette dependence, after completion of Week 3 Session, students will in small self-select groups illustrate a cigarette dependences concept map, following the evaluation criteria listed in the “group project cigarette dependence concept map” rubric. After listening to the lecture “Smoking cessation aids: nicotine replacement therapy and medications”, and participating in a class discussion and hands-on table demonstration of cessation aids, after completion of Week 4 Session, students will debate (compare and contrast the aids and their uses, modes of actions...
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...Crabb and Secular Counseling: A Comparison/Contrast Paper Gerald Williamson Liberty University Crabb and Secular Counseling: A Comparison/Contrast Paper Dr. Larry Crabb is an award winning biblical counselor who happens to author a book entitled Effective Biblical Counseling. In this book, Dr. Crabb presents important points and guidelines that other counselors like him can do in order to provide advice and aide to persons who need them the most. The books contains model of counseling, which is also integrated to the church. Placing the importance of God in his model, Dr. Crabb is a firm believer that God has granted the church to be its instrument in providing support to people who are experiencing pain and tribulations. In this paper, we particularly compare and contrast Dr. Crabb’s ideas with that of scientific studies assigned for the class. More specifically, we point intersecting points there are in the areas of Christian Counseling and developing a counseling program that could be aligned with the church and religious experience. This paper also includes discussion on the similarities and differences there are on the basic concepts and strategies of Dr. Crabb and other authors from the secular counseling community. In conclusion, we note how Dr. Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling contains important points that are similar to the scientific studies relative to the importance of religious elements in mental health therapy as well as training counselors in order to...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Science | | |PSY/300 Version 5 | | |General Psychology | | |Group MU13BSP04 | | |8/6/13-9/3/13 | | |Louis Battistone M.A., LMFT, RAS | | |909-239-2496 | Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will...
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...Collaborative Language Systems Johnny L. Burns Governors State University An interesting aspect of this week’s readings was the exposure given to a current trend in family systems therapy: the integration of postmodern therapy with traditional Buddhist teachings. This new approach to the therapeutic relationship involves meshing and integrating an understanding of the relationship of clients to life’s inevitable suffering, and postmodern therapeutic techniques such as “dis-solving” problematic behaviors through conversation. (Nichols, M., 2010, p.302) This narrative will explore how this synthesis can be achieved using collaborative family therapy techniques and traditional Buddhist teachings and philosophy, and will also compare and contrast traditional psychodynamic therapies with current trends in social work practice with children and families. My conception of the article “Suffering and the Relationship with the Problem in Postmodern Therapies: A Buddhist Re-Visioning” is multifaceted. The authors present several philosophies of life that are complicated and engrossing. For instance, the Buddhist premise that suffering in life is inevitable and unavoidable is both intriguing and controversial. This concept intrigues me because based upon my own experience I know that on occasion life is going to throw me some “curveballs.” The death of my mother last year and the twenty-seven years...
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...Influence on behaviors and Psychological Disorders Outline PSY/103 Influence on behaviors and Psychological Disorders Outline I. Introduction “Recent data estimate the overall prevalence of depression at about 11.1% of the American population, or nearly 35 million individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). A predictive models suggest that up to 50% of the population will experience at least one episode of depression during their lives” (Life Extension, 2014). Depression has negatively affected the lives of many individuals throughout the world. Look around you there may even be someone close to you that is demonstrating signs of its stifling affects. Depression does not discriminate with its suffocating relentless appetite. It is known to affect children as well as adults of all ethnicities. Depression has an insidious way of taking one from feeling at a level of ten to a level of zero. And if left untreated depression can lead to losing everything that means the world to you. One is debilitated by its unwavering feeling of loneliness, and sometime paralyzing affects. It’s often said that depression results from a chemical imbalance, Scientist have believed for more than 30 years that mood related chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine also known as monoamines are low in the brain during major depressive episodes (Nauert, 2006). Clearly, there is an impact on the patient’s life and his/her family life. Therefore, depression...
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...2012), which in Barbara’s case is being able to go to the German Association Club and Catholic Church group meetings, and being able to complete Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s); in return increasing her quality of life and independence. Take action: Mrs Green’s vision deficit may due to her dry macular degeneration, as well as a number of age-related vision changes including contrast sensitivity changes, distortion and altered central vision (Buschbacher & Kortebein, 2013). In addressing the visual effects of Barbara’s macular degeneration, the nurse may review her medication regime and consider referrals to ophthalmologists and occupational vision therapy. Surgical solutions would not be appropriate for Mrs Green due to her age (Jones & Player, 2011)....
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...Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Learning Team B PSY/300 November 17, 2011 Wanda Rush Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Society itself can play a role on an individual and have an effect on that person in many ways. Laws can be passed that can create severe punishments for antisocial behaviors which can have a strong desire for ethics and morals which comes through religious institutions. The primary reason why society can control behavior of some citizens is the natural need for growth and maturity. In this paper we will examine two mental disorders and two mental illnesses along with the similarities and differences from the perspective of psychology and school of thought for treating mental disorders. Normal psychology is described as a person appearing to be in good mental and physical health. He/she tends to be in compliance to societies expectations and would be generally considered a normal person by the general population. The patterns of behavior tend to be equivalent to those demonstrated by most of society. Society controls behavior by two different means. Tradition and Laws! First let us examine tradition. Traditions are simply rituals, which are as old as humanity and conducted so that everyone will behave in a socially acceptable way. For example, table manners are a universal claim, with variations existing in different cultures; they remain similar all around the world. Laws are established by society which...
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...Copy & Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) CAM Therapeutic Modalities Paper Resource: NCCAM website https://nccih.nih.gov Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that describes an overview of CAM and its categories of treatments. Include the following: Compare and contrast conventional current regulations and oversights that exist in the United States with that of nonconventional medicine. Define the terms alternative, complementary, and integrative in relation to medicine and clarify how these terms are different. Describe how conventional medicine plays a role in these three terms. Examine the philosophy of CAM and how it relates to or is different from conventional Western medicine. Describe how NCCAM classifies Complementary Health Approaches. Select one CAM treatment therapy (modality) from among the complementary health approaches and describe it. Using one medical condition, describe how your chosen therapy can be used as an alternative, a complementary, or an integrative therapy for that specific medical condition. Include the results of scientific studies that show a clinical benefit from the example selected, if available. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Use at least two references besides NCCAM and your textbook. Notes from the facilitator: PLEASE NOTE: Internet searches will often take you to non-academic information...
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...Chiropractic, Osteopathy and Physiotherapy: define, compare and contrast “There are a range of health care professions readily available to the community today. Three of them that are often compared include; Chiropractic, Osteopathy and Physiotherapy. It is important to understand the differences between and the purposes of each form of health care before commencing treatment with one of them. Chiropractic is a form of complementary medicine based on the diagnosis and correction of misalignments and disorders of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. Chiropractors aim to improve the function of the bodily systems, through addressing neuromuscular pain with chiropractic adjustments and by eliminating any interference and discomfort that may be impairing the body’s ability to self heal to reach optimal health. Chiropractic originated in 1895 when DD (Full name here) Palmer, a local grocer with a keen interest in metaphysics, started as a magnetic healer until he put forward the principles of chiropractic, “I was a magnetic healer for nine years previous to discovering the principles which comprise the method know as chiropractic. During this period much of that which was necessary to complete the science was worked out. I had discovered that many diseases were associated with derangements of the stomach, kidneys and other organs...” (1) The word chiropractic literally means in Greek, “done by hand” (2) and public interest in the practice was generated when he “cured” a janitor...
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