...GENERAL PAPERS 1 VEGETARIAN DIET IN CHILDREN Dana-Teodora Anton-Paduraru1, Carmen Oltean2, Laura Mihaela Trandafir1, Amalia Maria Mineata3 1 3-rd Clinic of Pediatrics, ”Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 2 Children’s Emergency Hospital “Sf. Maria”, Iasi 3 Hiperclinica Medlife, Iasi ABSTRACT Vegetarianism may have implications on the growth of children and adolescents. There are different types of vegetarian diets: some may be suitable for children, other deficient in essential nutrients. If a vegetarian diet is done properly and includes fortified foods it can promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases. Restriction or exclusion of products of animal nature can lead to low intake of essential nutrients. Keywords: vegetarianism, child Childhood is the period when nutritional habits are acquired, when growth is intense and when deposits of essential nutrients are stored. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, vegetarianism is defined by “the consumption of a diet that contains vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals and sometimes eggs and dairy products” (1). Vegetarianism may have severe implications on the growth of children and adolescents, therefore it is necessary to assess the nutritional status of vegetarians to insure optimum growth and a good health state and to prevent potential deficits. There are different types of vegetarians (1) – Table 1. Each of these diets has implications on the nutrition and health...
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...recognizes her calories and nutritional intake needs, as this will have effect on her substantially in terms of being healthy. It will also prevent her from being at risk of receiving healthy problems such as having obesity which would happen if she’s taking in a lot of calories that she shouldn’t. On the other hand, when it comes to a pregnant woman she requires fewer calories related to a teenager as she needs to maintain her pregnancy weight as well as keeping her energy active. Withal, the pregnant woman wants to make sure that she eats well throughout her pregnancy and also chooses high quality of food that is rich in baby building nutrients. Therefore, with the pregnant woman consumption of healthy food, this will have emotional impact on her unborn child substantially that by the time she gets to give birth, her baby will look healthy. However, when it comes to the comparisons between the teenager girl and the pregnant woman is that they both need to take in the right calories as this will affect them physically in relations of their wellbeing. With the teenager and the pregnant woman taking in the right...
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...Compare and contrast how Skinner and Harlow have used non-human animals in behavioural research In this essay I plan to compare and contrast the works of both Harlow and Skinner, in relation to their investigative studies with non-human animals in behavioural research. Both of these psychologists conducted influential research on the behaviour of animals and both concluded that their findings could also be applied to the behaviour of humans. I plan to compare the similarities and differences with Skinner’s study of non-human animals in his research on reinforcement and learning (Toates 2010 page 167) and that of Harlow’s study of non-human animals in his attachment study (Toates 2010 page 1960), as the main focus for my reference. Although it is now widely acknowledged that Harlow’s research methods would now be considered as being unethical. It was the subsequent debates in response to these research methods, that has sanctioned improvements in ethical standers and the findings of the research have also influenced the attitudes and practice of Western childcare and child psychology today. (Custance 2010 page 212). By analysing Harlow’s and Skinner’s research, I will review their theories that relate to learning being based upon the idea, that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning which occurs through interaction with the environment. ‘Stimulus-response psychology’ looks at understanding how learning consists of the attainment of the links between stimuli and responses...
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...The moment we enter the world, microbes colonize our bodies. And depending on how and where we're born, we're colonized by different types of microbes. Babies pick up microbes not only from their mothers, but also from the environment. Babies delivered vaginally are colonized by different species of microbes from babies delivered by surgery. These very first differences - vaginal vs. C-section birth - are still measurable months and possibly even years after birth. In fact, studies show that delivery by C-section, in comparison to vagina birth, is associated with an increased risk of allergies, ADHD, autism, celiac disease, obesity, and type 1 diabetes. Other early infant experiences such as whether the infant is breast-fed, or treated with antibiotics, can also have an impact to the infant’s gut flora. A 2013 study published by the...
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...Introduction All over the world, soon-to-be mothers are asking themselves the same question: should I breast feed or bottle-feed my child? Opinions on the matter vary all around the world depending on things like one’s culture, values, and location. Mothers can be judged for choosing to do either. On one side, if a mother is seen breastfeeding in public, people might become very uncomfortable. However, if the infant is bottle-fed, they will be criticized for not feeding their baby “nature’s perfect food” (WebMD). There are several well-known pros and cons to both feeding methods but a large debate that people focus on involves the direct effects of the baby’s health. While some people remain skeptical, there is evidence that supports that...
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...behavioural research. Skinner and Harlow are very well known for their great experiments and showing through behavioural research that non human animals can be used and show results and prove points. This essay will examine evidence from both sides of the controlled animal experiments and explain the results. Mainly this essay will focus on the similarities and differences between the two researchers. Skinner was born in 1904 and worked most of his career at Harvard University and had a great belief that science of behaviour with positive reinforcement could save the world’s problems. On the other hand Harlow was born in 1905 and wanted to show that most infants bond with soft and warm objects that provide comfort or one that provides them with food. Although these experiments show great points, when considering these in real life human situations, things would not necessarily show the same results and there are currently still great debates on non human animal use in experiments. Many people argue that animals do not conduct great research when linking to humans and find that real life situations are changing all the time and things wouldn’t always be the same. How Harlow and Skinner have conducted their research is very informative as they clearly show how experiments can be done to animals to create a response which gives humans an insight on how to improve many behaviours not just in their selves but if they have children or animals. This is another contrast because both Harlow...
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...chemical compounds that cause environmental health issues and are linked to manifestations such as reproductive effects. BPA is a chemical used to make plastics and resins (a form of plastic that is used to make containers). Phthalates are chemicals that increase the flexibility and durability of plastic. These chemical compounds are known as “everywhere chemicals” because they are found in just about everything we as Americans come into contact with such as plastic bottles, canned foods, beauty products, laundry detergents, children toys, baby bottles, toddler cups, and paper receipts. While these chemicals can cause many harmful effects to the human body they are seemingly inescapable and does not show any symptoms. Women, men, and children all are susceptible to being affected. The only way one would know if they have high levels of BPA or phthalates in their system is by having blood test performed. In women, high levels of BPA has proven to increase one’s chances of having a miscarriage in comparison to women who have not had much exposure to BPA. Men are adversely affected by BPA and phthalates because studies have linked BPA and phthalates exposure to reduced sperm counts. Low sperm counts not only affect men it affects their partner making it harder for the women to get pregnant. A study was conducted on 501 couples that were trying to get pregnant and the men who had high levels of BPA and phthalates encountered a 20% decline in fertility. Another study was conducted on...
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...recognizes her calories and nutritional intake needs, as this will have effect on her substantially in terms of being healthy. It will also prevent her from being at risk of receiving healthy problems such as having obesity which would happen if she’s taking in a lot of calories that she shouldn’t. On the other hand, when it comes to a pregnant woman she requires fewer calories related to a teenager as she needs to maintain her pregnancy weight as well as keeping her energy active. Withal, the pregnant woman wants to make sure that she eats well throughout her pregnancy and also chooses high quality of food that is rich in baby building nutrients. Therefore, with the pregnant woman consumption of healthy food, this will have emotional impact on her unborn child substantially that by the time she gets to give birth, her baby will look healthy. However, when it comes to the comparisons between the teenager girl and the pregnant woman is that they both need to take in the right calories as this will affect them physically in relations of their wellbeing. With the teenager and the pregnant woman taking in the right nutrients they will be not likely to be at danger of getting health problems such as being...
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...Beyond Borders Directed by: Martin Campbell Written by: Caspian Tredwell-Owen I. Set the Stage It was all started in London (1984), people are having a dinner party in a charity event. From London, next is in Ethiopia, it is a place/country wherein people are dying because they are lack of food and medicine. Here in Ethiopia, the two main characters met again, they did missions for the Ethiopians. After Ethiopia, it backs to London (1989, Sarah came back here because of her work commitments and family. Due to her torrid divorce with her husband, she decided to go in Phnompenh, Cambodia, for the third time, she and Nick met again. They were also helping the people her due to poverty. And in Chechnya, it is winter time here, Sarah found Nick here. The themes of this story are war, drama, romance and adventure. II. Character Analysis Characters | Type of Character | Description | Background of the Character | Sarah Jordan | Protagonist/Dynamic | -a busy American socialite-married to an English man-had fell in love with Nick Callahan | -She helped the Ethiopian child and the wounded mother of this child-She had torrid divorce with her husband(Henry) | Nick Callahan | Protagonist/Static | -a ruge doctor who are doing missionaries in different places like Ethiopia. | -He is mad with the government leaders who do not managing well the country. | Charlotte Jordan | Minor/Supporting character/Static | -sister of Sarah Jordan | -She...
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...Canada's Untouchables! Perri Klass is a young doctor who is just out of medical school in the United States. In her story India (2005), she talks about coming face to face with the grim realities of poverty and poor health in the third world; she compares them to her experiences in the first world. Klass implies that the health issues in India do not exist in North America. She states that in her world, where she got her medical training, "all children are supposed to grow up" with only a few exceptions to the rule (p.104). My intent is to confirm that Canada has a similar group of people living in poverty and poor health, and that the problems of India exist in our first world country too. I will do this by identifying the poorest people of each country and show how each group suffers from social and economic exclusion. I will also clarify how the health of each group suffers, and demonstrate how these groups are marginalized. Social exclusion can be defined as, 'the process through which individuals or groups are wholly or partially excluded from full participation in the society within which they live' (Thorat, 2007, n.p.). Dalits (formerly known as the 'Untouchables'), of India and most of the Natives (ironically, they are also known as North American Indians) of Canada live under adverse conditions and poverty. In India the Dalits are the poorest of the poor. They have been kept from getting an education and from possessing land. They are left to do the heavy manual...
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...CAN BREASTFEEDING IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS PREVENT CHILDHOOD OBESITY? Can Breastfeeding in the First Six Months Prevent Childhood Obesity? Introduction Childhood obesity is an issue that has baffled many in the United States and the United Kingdom. Various researchers such as Charlesworth (2013) assert that the trend has significantly increased since the 1960s, an issue that has necessitated further research on the subject .For instance, Akabas et al., (2012) assert that 14 to 16% of 5 years old and 17 to 19% of 19 years old are overweight. This has been necessitated by the fact that the older/obese a child becomes the likelihood that the child will become obese in adulthood (Charlesworth, 2013). Thus, considering this became a matter of global concern. Further, studies have been done to ascertain the probability of a child becoming obese if not breastfed in the first six months. For a thorough comprehension of the topic, it was concluded that it is necessary to explore issues such as defining overweight and obesity for children, genetic predisposition to weight and obesity, behaviours that affect childhood overweight and obesity. Also, how breastfeeding aids in curbing obesity and overweight in children and how the role of a mother and family in preventing obesity and overweight in children is also addressed. Finally, recommendations were made regarding how childhood obesity can be curbed. This paper researches whether breastfeeding can play a critical role in...
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...The literary work I chose was Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer. Her story intrigued me from the beginning, as it is a story about forbidden love in South Africa. You immediately know that the story will be about an interracial relationship between Thebedi-a young black woman and Paulus-her white master’s son. The tone reflected in this work is deep, the author is able to “evoke a sense of compassion for the characters, who are enmeshed in circumstances of their own creation” (McLeod, 2004). Because Nadine Gordimer grew up in South Africa, she has a main theme in her writing dealing with attitudes of racial relationships since she strongly opposed apartheid causing her work to have a greater meaning (Clugston, 2010). Thebedi and Paulus have a childhood relationship that gradually grows into a secret sexual relationship and eventually the birth of a forbidden child. I will review how the author uses image, simile, and imagination in her work which causes the story to be so intriguing. As well as review the story using a formalist approach to show the intent of the writer and the significance of the work. Imagination is “the human power that shapes artistic expression” and “enables a writer’s work to become an expression of meaning” (Clugston, 2010). While they were secretly spending time together, the author describes the feeling of Paulus vividly, “The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighbouring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies...
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...Introduction Quality is defined as the distinction of a product or services (Evans, 2011). The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) defines quality as the totality features of a product or service which satisfy given needs. The current market has higher demand of quality products and services due to higher buying power. The increasing buying power caused consumers to be less price-sensitive and prioritizes quality. Organisations find quality to be a crucial matter in determining their success. Hence, many organisations have moved from producing low cost goods into producing quality goods to meet with the market demand. Meeting quality expectations of the guests is decent, but arguably insufficient. Exceeding it however, guarantees customer loyalty, returned business and less complains. Evan (2011) added that quality, business stability and customer’s loyalty needed to be aligned for a success business. Quality in manufacturing industry focuses on technical issues such as equipment reliability, inspections and minimal defects. On the other hand, quality in service industry focuses on the interactions between the provider and customer which do not directly produce a physical product. The service industry picks up the importance of quality later than the manufacturing industry. Evan (2011) mentioned that the 80% workforce in the United States is contributed by the service industry. Body According to Das and De Groote (2008), 75% of the one hundred biggest hotels are...
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...8 Ways to Be a Better Parent Good news: It's the little things that really make a difference. By Diane di Costanzo, Photos by Lenora Gim from American Baby * | 19 | | 221 | | | | | | | | | | | * Save Saved * Print * Comments1 1. Avoid Comparisons and Labels You want to be the kind of parent who takes the time to instill in your child good manners, habits, and behavior. But how? And with controlled chaos ruling the day, every day, when? Relax: Good parenting happens in real time, on the spot, and in the moment. The trick is recognizing those moments when your actions and reactions can help your child learn and grow in the best possible ways. Here's help from top parenting experts -- and a few real moms. Be Careful of Comparisons -- and Labels Your best friend's 8-month-old son is babbling, while your daughter, at 9 months, is silent by comparison. Is there something wrong with your child? While it's never a bad idea to express your concerns to your pediatrician, don't equate developmental milestones with developmental deadlines. "Babies develop so rapidly that one set of abilities is bound to develop faster than another," says Harvey Karp, MD, author of The Happiest Toddler on the Block (Bantam), also available on DVD. "Look at your whole baby" when evaluating development, he suggests, a strategy that holds true for toddlers too: one 3-year-old may have fine-motor-control skills, handling a crayon with dexterity, for instance, while...
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... the superiority of it compared to bottle feeding and the tangible, provable impacts of it on child development. The way our society views breastfeeding is directly reflective of the psychology of America and often factors into whether a woman decides to breastfeed. Unfortunately, this psychology also results in ignorance about the true, full scope of breastfeeding benefits and how those benefits extend beyond just improved immune systems for the infants and accelerated loss of baby weight for the moms. Breastfeeding has a broad impact on the physical and mental/emotional development of both babies and nursing mothers. The impact of breastfeeding on physical development covers a wide range of effects, with the most commonly known physical effect happening with the baby’s immune system. This was always a generally known fact, but the effect of social media has resulted in all types of up close and personal examples that are often a response to the criticism that breastfeeding mothers (many who juggle work in addition to baby duties) often face. One example that comes to mind is a...
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