...NU310_Unit 5 Quantitative Research Design Critique Template The “Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of evidence, and for which there are reliable methods of measurement” (Polit and Beck, 2012). I chose the Quantitative method of data collection for my research because I want to determine the effectiveness of multifactorial intervention in increasing treatment adherence in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease. I believe that face-to-face training, audio-visual material, return demonstration, and follow-up on inhalation techniques will increase patient’s treatment adherence and better health outcome. 1. What type of question (therapy, prognosis,...
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...Methods Used for Modern Research Developmental scientists must determine how to incorporate age into their research design. There are three general strategies for doing so; the study of different groups of people of different ages, called a cross-sectional design, the study of the same people over a period of time, called a longitudinal design, and the combining of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in some fashion in a sequential design. What are the strengths and limitations of each of these designs? Other research methods are; systematic observation, self-reports, the clinical method, and ethnography. What are the similarities and differences of these methods? Let us now examine these fascinating topics. Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, & Sequential Designs Cross-sectional design studies groups of subjects that are selected at each of a series of ages. The results may seem to indicate that there are major changes based on age. However, cross-sectional data about adults can differ not only in age, but in cohort. Influences of this kind lead to cohort effects, findings that are the result of historical factors to which one age group in a cross-sectional study has been exposed. Cross-sectional studies cannot tell us anything about sequences of change over age, or about the consistency of individual behavior over time, because each subject is tested only once. Cross-sectional research is useful because it is relatively quick to do...
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...Research Summary Table: Hand Chamberlain College of Nursing Research Summary Table: Handwashing Author, Year of Publication | Purpose | Sample | Design | Findings | Limitations | Creedon, S. (2005) | The purpose of this study is to show hand hygiene from a prospective of clinical behaviors. | A total of 314 hand hygiene observations were reviewed for changes in behavioral patterns, and a total of 62 questionnaires were completed. | A quasi-experimental design with a convenient sample was used. | Improvement in hand hygiene and a decrease in infections was noted at 83%. | No comparison group or random assignment to group | Bisset, L.(2003) | The purpose of this study was to identify whether different healthcare professionals understand the definitions of proper handwashing. | A total of n=105 nurses and n=18 doctors | The design used to complete this study was through questionnaires. | The findings revealed additional training and changes to policy and procedures need to be implemented. The study revealed over 60% of the staff did not know the correct definition of hand hygiene. | No inferential statistics were offered.No comparison group or random assignment to groupNo educational resources were completed. | Smith, S. (2009) | To identify the most effective handwashing practice. | The sample consisted of 5000 deaths that were reviewed. | The design was a systemic review. | Few studies described the effectiveness of handwashing. | No comparison between TBL...
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...The design of any experiment is of utmost importance because it has the power to be the most rigid type of research. The design, however, is always dependent on feasibility. The best approach is to control for as many confounding variables as possible in order to eliminate or reduce errors in the assumptions that will be made. It is also extremely desirable that any threats to internal or external validity be neutralized. In the perfect world, all research would do this and the results of research would be accurate and powerful. In the real world, however, this is rarely the case. We are often dealing with human subjects, which in itself confounds （puzzles） any study. We are also dealing with the restraints of time and situation, often resulting in less than perfect conditions in which to gather information. There are three basic experimental designs, each containing subsets with specific strengths and weaknesses. These three basic designs include: (1) pre-experimental design; (2) quasi-experimental design; and (3) true experimental design. They will be discussed below and as you will discover, are addressed in order of effectiveness. Pre-Experimental Design Pre-experimental designs are so named because they follow basic experimental steps but fail to include a control group. In other words, a single group is often studied but no comparison between an equivalent non-treatment group is made. Examples include the following: The One-Shot Case Study. In this arrangement...
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...Overview Two business proposals from the Production division of the New Heritage Doll Company are being considered for submission to the capital budgeting committee. Only one proposal will be submitted. The proposals are: Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion and Design Your Own Doll. A systematic process will be used to determine which proposal to recommend. Criteria Include: 1. Comparison of the business cases 2. NPV analysis 3. IRR and payback period analysis 4. Analysis of additional information 5. Recommendation Comparison of the Business Cases Most Compelling Business Case Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion is the the most compelling opportunity. This initial recommendation is based solely on a qualitative comparison of the cases and the financial exhibits provided by the brand managers. A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, & Threat) analysis was used to aid the decision process. See Tables 1 & 2 for SWOT analysis. Benefits of the Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion: * Success of the original line of business * Utilization of the businesses existing strengths * Long term ability for the product to stay up to date and drive business Concerns for the Design Your Own Doll: * High risk associated with developing a proprietary software system * Complexity of manufacturing * High break-even sales volume Overview Business Case 1 – Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion The proposal for the Match My Doll Clothing Line...
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...business proposals from the Production division of the New Heritage Doll Company are being considered for submission to the capital budgeting committee. Only one proposal will be submitted. The proposals are: Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion and Design Your Own Doll. A systematic process will be used to determine which proposal to recommend. Criteria Include: 1. Comparison of the business cases 2. NPV analysis 3. IRR and payback period analysis 4. Analysis of additional information 5. Recommendation Comparison of the Business Cases Most Compelling Business Case Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion is the the most compelling opportunity. This initial recommendation is based solely on a qualitative comparison of the cases and the financial exhibits provided by the brand managers. A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, & Threat) analysis was used to aid the decision process. See Tables 1 & 2 for SWOT analysis. Benefits of the Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion: * Success of the original line of business * Utilization of the businesses existing strengths * Long term ability for the product to stay up to date and drive business Concerns for the Design Your Own Doll: * High risk associated with developing a proprietary software system * Complexity of manufacturing * High break-even sales volume Overview Business Case 1 – Match My Doll Clothing Line Expansion The proposal for the...
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...Research and Design Methodology Essay In the subject of lifespan and development, there are several different theories and methods of research. Three designs for studying development are longitudinal, cross sectional and sequential designs. Each of them has strengths and limitations. Scientists interested in human growth and development require information about the way research participants change over time. They must extend correlational and experimental approaches to include measurements at different ages to answer questions about development. Longitudinal and cross sectional designs are special developmental research strategies. In each, age comparisons form the basis of the research plan. (Berk 34.) Longitudinal design is when participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older. This approach has two major strengths. The first one is since it follows the performance of a person over time; the scientist can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development. The second is that the researchers are permitted to examine relationships between early and later events and behaviors. An example of this would be The Guidance Study; where it tracks to see if children with extreme personality styles retained the same dispositions as they became adults. (Berk 34.) There are also problems when conducting longitudinal research participants might move away or drop out of research. Also due to the repetition of the...
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...Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures Comparative research defined Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study. When it comes to method, the majority agreement is that there is no methodology peculiar to comparative research.[5] The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a "seamless whole."[6] There are certainly methods that are far more common than others in comparative studies, however. Quantitative analysis is much more frequently pursued than qualitative, and this is seen by the majority of comparative studies which use quantitative data.[7][1][8][2] The general method of comparing things is the same for comparative research as it is in our everyday practice of comparison. Like cases are treated alike, and different cases are treated differently; the extent of difference determines how differently cases are to be treated. If one is able to sufficiently distinguish two carry the research conclusions will not be very helpful.[9] Secondary analysis of quantitative data is relatively widespread in comparative research, undoubtedly in part because of the cost of obtaining primary...
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...1 Comparative methodology and statistics in political science |CONTENTS | | |1.1 Introduction |3 | |1.2 The Comparative Approach to Political and Social Science: | | |Theory and Method |6 | |1.3 Comparing Data: Selecting Cases and Variables |8 | |1.4 Developing Empirical-Analytical Comparative Analysis |13 | |1.5 How to Use This Book |15 | |1.6 Endmatter |16 | |Topics highlighted |16 | |Questions |16 | |Exercises |16 | |Further reading |17 | 1. Introduction Almost everyone watches daily TV, regularly reads a daily newspaper and often discusses what goes on in the world. These activities shape our views on society and, in particular...
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...campaigns to prevent HIV/AIDS. What is interesting in this report are the comparisons it draws to reviews of earlier campaigns in this area as well as the current state of the art and science. The authors used seven principles to guide their analysis: (1) conducting formative research on and about the target audience; (2) using theory as a conceptual foundation; (3) segmenting one’s audience into meaningful subgroups; (4) using a message design approach that is targeted to the audience segment(s); (5) utilizing effective channels widely viewed by and persuasive with the target audience; (6) conducting process evaluation and ensuring high message exposure; and (7) using a sensitive outcome evaluation design that reduces threats to internal validity and allows causal inferences about campaign impact to be made. The question they explore is: to what extent have recent HIV/AIDS campaigns in the literature adhered to these principles? Noar et al (2009) began with a search of peer-reviewed articles appearing from late 1998 through October 2007. Mass media had to be a central or prominent part of a campaign that focused on increasing safer sexual behaviors, reducing risky sexual behaviors, or encouraging HIV testing. At least one outcome measure had to be reported; 38 articles were identified that met these criteria, representing 34 different campaigns. The results on the variables of interest were: Formative research - 16 of the 34 studies (47%) reported any type of...
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...COMPARING PERCEPTIONS OF THE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN COURSE BRANDI N. GUIDRY University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette, LA 70504 DAVID P. STEVENS University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette, LA 70504 ABSTRACT Information Systems (IS) practitioners and educators have equal interest in the content of the Systems Analysis and Design Course (“SAD”). Previous research has examined instructors’ perceptions regarding the skills and topics that are most important in the teaching of the SAD course and the class time devoted to each. A similar assessment evaluated SAD course content from a practitioner perspective. Both studies used entropy calculations. A comparison of these studies is presented in this paper. For traditional topics, the group (either faculty or practitioner) with greater agreement believes the topic to be deserving of less class time. For structured and object-oriented topics, the group with the greater agreement also believes the topic to be of greater importance. This analysis demonstrates that practitioners and academics agree on approximately 40% of the SAD skills and knowledge areas. Keywords: Systems analysis and design, Structured analysis, Object-oriented analysis, Management Information Systems curricula, Entropy INTRODUCTION It is important that an education in Management Information Systems (MIS) is reflective of practices and techniques that are currently used in industry. Given the pace of technological innovation, there are ever-changing...
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...Methodological Issues in Management Research Lee Sechrest, PhD Professor Department of Psychology University of Arizona Room 312 Tuscon, AZ 85721 White paper prepared for the Department of Veterans Affairs Management Research in VA Workshop, sponsored by the HSR&D Management Decision and Research Center November 19-20, 2001 Methodological Issues in Management Research Managers want to make good decisions. Any decisions will, by definition, be made on the basis of some presumed information. Even if a decision were to be made by throwing dice, that process would almost certain stem from “information” indicating that no better basis for the decision could be discerned, e.g., that a randomly determined choice would be likely to be better than a decision open to bias. At least to some extent, it is axiomatic that the better the information, the better the decisions. It is useful to distinguish between data, facts, and information. Data are simply observations, usually in the form of numbers thought to represent some systematic process underlying them, i.e., a process generating the numbers. Data do not mean anything or tell us anything until they are interpreted in some way. Merely to have an observation that on a particular day 43 patients were reported to have received a particular service is not in itself meaningful. Facts are merely data elevated in confidence to a point of suggested certainty. The observation that 43 patients received a service may be...
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...------------------------------------------------- ‘‘A comparative analysis on the marketing strategies of Samsung for Android and of Apple for iOS in UK market and their customer response’’ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.2 Research aims 2 1.3 Research objectives 3 2. Literature review 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Mobile phone operating system 3 2.3 Global introduction of smartphone 3 2.4 Various operating systems 4 2.5 Overview of the android’s framework 4 2.6 Overview of iOS and it marketing strategy 4 2.7 Comparative analysis of the two 5 3. Research methodology 6 3.1 Methodology 6 3.1 Type of investigation 6 3.2 Data collection method 6 3.3 Sampling method 7 3.4 Accessibility issues 7 3.5 Ethical issues 7 3.6 Timetable 8 4 Anticipated findings 9 5. Conclusions 9 References 10 1 Introduction Various companies use different types of marketing techniques over the few decades. To get competitive advantage over the competitors, developed variations of marketing techniques are quieting helpful to the companies. This is referred as market innovation (Verlog, 2007). Companies have to face with different factors in this modern world of business. New legislations developed marketing tools and corporate social responsibilities are among the newer one. Business has to deal with two basic demands which are to earn profit and to maintain a sustain profit ( Verlog, 2007). Though there are many developed application software were used in past by several cell...
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...Current Business Research Paper Hawa Alida Gaoiran RES/341 Research and Evaluation August 22nd, 2011 Aaron Gavin The effectiveness of Internet advertising has been measured for more than a decade. Many have remain uncertain about it and others are dissatisfied with whether most of the studies that measure the effectiveness of this form of advertising generate reliable and valid results that can be interpreted and applied with confidence. Contributors to the study provide information both verbally and in the form of print and online materials. The type of information that was gathered specifically for this Internet Advertising Bureau or (IAB) project addresses the following major issues: 1. External validity and coverage error issues 2. External validity and sampling error issues 3. External validity and non-response error issues 4. Statistical conclusion validity, weighting and adjustment error issues 5. Internal validity, allocation to treatment and control/comparison groups and inference issues To provide a scientific structure to the information that was gathered for this evaluation, the author employed two methodological and statistical framework which address the validity and reliability of the research. The first framework is based on four major forms of validity: internal, external, construct, and statistical conclusion. The second framework comes from the field of survey research and different sources of bias and variance into errors of representation...
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...Behavioral Sciences Subdomain 111.6 Shelly Hawley Western Governor’s University There are several research methods used in sociological studies, scientists use qualitative and quantitative research to study the organization of society(Mcleod, S.A., 2008). Qualitative data is information acquired through participant observations and is reported in the words of the informant. Quantitative data is gathered by measuring things and is analyzed by statistical inferences and numeric comparisons(Minichiello et al.,1990, p.5). Scientist use qualitative research to gather information that is not numerical in form such as openended questionnaires or unstructured observations. This type of is more descriptive and is more difficult to analyze. Qualitative research is a suitable method to identify how individuals think and feel such as case studies(Mcleod, S.A., 2008). Qualitative data requires that participant responses are accurate which can be difficult to describe. It is helpful if quotations from participant interviews in the studies are used to illustrate points of the analysis(Mcleod, S.A.m 2008). The individual conducting the research should have knowledge in the area being studied in order to get a proper interpretation of the data. Unstructured group interviews can be an example of a qualitative research method. This study would generate data by using open ended questions in which individuals respond in their own words. Res...
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