...Essay No. 1 CJE3512 Crime Control Model vs. Due Process Model In 1968 Herbert Packer developed two different models that try to explain the different roles and competing values of criminal courts. These models are known as the Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model. Although they are both very different systems, they each impact the way our judicial system is ran. The Crime Control Model is known to be more conservative while the Due Process Model is more liberal. One focuses on the repression of criminal conduct while the other focuses on respect for and protection of individual rights. (Neubauer, Fradella 2013) The Crime Control Model believes in the repression of criminal conduct. This model focuses on factual guilt rather than legal guilt. They consider that any information from the police or prosecutors should be enough to convict a criminal. “Fact finding-initially by the police and later by the prosecutor- is sufficiently foolproof to prevent the innocent from being falsely convicted.” (Neubauer, Fradella 2013) This model emphasizes on reducing crime in society through increased police and prosecutorial powers. According to this model the courts should process cases quickly and advocate decisions of convictions. The principle of the Due Process Model is that citizens have absolute rights and cannot be deprived of them without legal procedures and safeguards. Adherents of this model are usually concerned with unfair rulings from courts towards minorities...
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... 2 2.2 Competing Values Framework 2-3 2.0 The Organisation 3 3.3 The Rational Goal Model 3-4 3.4 Primark and the Rational Goal Model. 4 3.0 The Challenge: Ethics 4-5 4.5 Primark and Ethics 5-6 4.0 Recommendations 6 5.0 Conclusion 6 6.0 References 7 1.0 Introduction: Primark is one of the UK’s leading clothing retailers with stores located in various regions throughout Europe. The brand is best known for its low-cost, budget clothing. Its success is based on producing high quality clothes with super-competitive prices as a result of technology, efficient distribution, high volume supply and demand and low labour costs. The management theory underpinning Primark is the Rational Goal Model which focuses on maximisation of output. The investigated challenge which Primark faces is business ethics. “Ethics refers to a code of moral principles and values that guide human action by setting standards of what is acceptable” (Boddy...
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...Changing Organizational Culture The Seven Step Change Model 12/10/2011 Urooj Khan MBA Regular 10739 Supervised By Ali Mujahid Table of Contents Culture and Organizational Culture 3 Culture 3 Organizational Culture 3 Influences on Culture 3 Cultural Measurement Dimensions 4 Changing Organizational Culture 8 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 Culture and Organizational Culture Culture The grand total of all the objects, ideas, knowledge, ways of doing things, habits, values, and attitudes which each generation in a society passes on to the next is what the anthropologist refers to as the culture of a group (Nord, 1972). According to Inkeles, culture is the social heritage, all the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and skills that are available to members of a society (Inkeles, 1964). The famous Dutch behavioral scientist, Geert Hofstede defined culture as the collective mental programming of a people in an environment. He later defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group from another (Muriithi N, 2003). Organizational Culture Edgar Schein says that organizational culture is developed over time as people in the organization learn to deal successfully with problems of external adaptation and internal integration. It becomes the common language and the common background (Schein E. , 1999). Culture starts with leadership, is reinforced with the accumulated learning of the organizational members...
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...assembly room. He has changed their terrible reputation into one of the most successful units in the department. Langley’s combination of leadership skills and interpersonal skills has identified him as the reason for the recent change. His strong abilities to manage people demonstrate the same abilities shown in Quinn’s Competing Values Model. Throughout this case analysis I plan to examine Langley’s managerial skills based on Quinn’s model. Quinn’s Competing Values Framework To be able to demonstrate and categorize where Langley fits on Quinn’s competing value framework model we must first understand his model. Quinn’s competing value framework is divided in four models; Human relations model, Open systems model, Rational Goal Model, and Internal Process Model. With each of the models comes along with it two managerial roles. As shown in the case, Langley utilized several of these roles to help lead his subordinates in the assembly room. To better understand, below are specific examples of how Langley managed his workers within Quinn’s different models. Open Systems Model: Innovator & Broker The organizational effectiveness of the open model system is comprised of adaptability and external...
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...LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT TOPIC 2: THE PARADOXES OF MANAGEMENT Explain the research and thinking behind each of the classic approaches to management 1900 – 1925: The Rational Goal Model The focus of the Rational Goal model was work organisation and efficiency. New managerial and organisational practices appeared. During this period, breakthroughs emerged in manufacturing efficiency through assembly lines and geographic expansion of companies in the United States, in which the modern divisionalised and dispersed organisation form emerged. This approach is still prevalent today in many developing countries as routine and repetitive manufacturing and services work is moved from developed economies to lower HR costs and lesser regulated, emerging economies. A major criticism of scientific management has been its focus on the worker as no more than an input to the mechanism of manufacturing or tasking. The organic aspect of workers as human beings and not cogs in the machine can frequently be left out of consideration in designing work under the Rational Goal model using Scientific Management. 1900 – 1925: The Internal Process Model The Internal Process model of management is concerned with processes of responsibilities, measurement and orderly rules, structures and procedures. In 1916 Henri Fayol identified management as a universal set of functions encompassing: planning, organising, commanding, coordinating activities, and controlling performance. ...
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...Sea world Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Part A 2.1 The history of Sea World 2.2 Management performance evaluation 2.3 Roles of competing value framework within Sea World 2.3.1 Co-Ordinator 2.3.2 Monitor 2.3.3 Mentor 2.3.4 Facilitator 2.3.5 Innovator 2.3.6 Broker 2.3.7 Producer 2.3.8 Director 3 Part B 3.1 External pressures 3.2 Recommendations to the management of Sea World 4 Conclusion 5 References 1 Introduction The objective of this report is to review the historical development of Sea World from management perspective and to evaluate management’s performance against the competing values framework. Secondly, based on the findings, recommendations will be made to Sea Worlds management to address shortfalls. 2 Part A 2.1 The history of Sea World In 1958, Australian businessman, Keith Williams bought a large tract of land along the Nerang River in Surfers Paradise and established the Water Ski Gardens. Williams’ primary objective of the venture was to attract tourists to Australia from abroad. Due to the expanding tourist numbers, the attraction was moved in 1971 to Split, Main Beach as 'Ski Land Australia'. (Tomar, 2012) SeaWorld took a giant step forward in 1973 when its main competitor, Marine land, was purchased by Williams. The famous aquatic performers were transferred to SeaWorld, strengthening the quality of its employees (A Short History of Sea World on the Gold Coast, 2012). To differentiate...
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...Equity Valuation and Negative Earnings: The Role of Book Value of Equity ABSTRACT: This study provides an explanation for the anomalous significantly negative price-earnings relation using the simple earnings capitalization model for firms that report losses. We hypothesize and find that including book value of equity in the valuation specification eliminates the negative relation. This suggests that the simple earnings capitalization model is misspecified and the negative coefficient on earnings for loss firms is a manifestation of that misspecification. Furthermore, we provide evidence on three competing explanations for the role that book value of equity plays in valuing loss firms. Specifically, we investigate whether the importance of book value in cross-sectional valuation models stems from its role as (1) a control for scale differences (Barth and Kallapur 1996), (2) a proxy for expected future normal earnings (Ohlson 1995; Penman 1992), or (3) a proxy for loss firms’ abandonment option (Berger et al. 1996; Barth et al. 1996; Burgstahler and Dichev 1997). Our results do not support the conjecture that the importance of book value in cross-sectional valuation stems primarily from its role as a control for scale differences. Rather, the results are consistent with book value serving as a value-relevant proxy for expected future normal earnings for loss firms in general, and as a proxy for abandonment option for loss firms most likely to cease operations and...
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...innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings. (Apple.com/investor) When you imagine the creative process at Apple, at first you may not picture someone in HR. Or operations. Or finance. But we expect creative thinking and solutions from everyone here, no matter what their responsibilities are. Innovation takes many forms, and our people seem to find new ones every day. (Apple.com 2012) Issues at Apple Inc: The issues at Apple Incorporated varied over time from a relative incubator working in a garage developed in computers and software garnered from Xerox corporation to that of a major innovative industry player and leader in strategic innovation of technological advancement. Competing Values Framework: Maturity of a company will span all competing values framework over time from perhaps a clan culture in the beginning immature company to an adhocracy culture of innovation and creativity. As the company grows expands and develops and more people are hired the necessity of some controls are realized as a...
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...such as “how do we interact with the external environment?” and “how do we order ourselves internally?” As an organization responds to these questions, the responses become core assumptions. These core assumptions become the frames through which the organization interprets the world round it. In place of questionnaire or instrument that utilizes typologies, Schein prefers clinical research model of assessing organizational culture. In this model of organizational culture investigation, the researcher gets much more directly involved within the organization by acting as participant observer or ethnographer. He suggests that members of the organization will more openly respond to the researcher and the investigation because the members of the organization think they have something to gain by collaborating with the researcher. Schein believes that valid data on the culture of the organization will only be collected when the researcher is perceived as the consultant who is seeking to help the organization and has the best interest of the organization in mind. Schein admits that the clinical model of evaluating organizational culture assumes that the researcher intervenes in the culture of the organization. If the organization perceives that the researcher is helping to make changes that will benefit the organization, then the research will accurately yield the cultural dynamics of the organization....
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...Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Thomas-Kilmann model 2 2.1 Competing 2 2.2 Collaborating 3 2.3 Compromising 3 2.4 Avoiding 3 2.5 Accommodating 4 3.0 Example of Thomas-Kilmann Model 5 3.1 Competing Component 5 3.2 Collaboration Component 5 3.3 Compromising Component 5 3.4 Avoiding Component 5 3.5 Accommodating Component 6 4.0 Conclusion 7 1.0 Introduction Through all those cases that the Thomas-Kilmann Model have giving 5 solving method to solve the conflict in every situation. Conflict may occur in every places, this model have giving us to know in what conflict using what solving method. Refereeing to the appendix 1 the scores are arranged in descending order by percentile, with the highest score indicating the most frequently used conflict mode in the organization. (W.Thomas & H.Kilmann, 2010) Conflict in the workplace seems unavoidable, but that does not mean it cannot be diffused when it occurs. So using the Thomas-Kilmann Model to solve every conflict in the organization whether is the employee with employee or upper-Management people. Every people have their own behavior and solving conflict method. Thomas-Kilmann Model is a choice to help them to get or to know how to deal with the conflict. 2.0 Thomas-Kilmann model Thomas-Kilmann model was designed in the year of 1970 and in each method was dealing in different situation and create by two psychologists, Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann. As we navigate the world and...
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...Morrisons and the Recession 1. Introduction This essay is made up of two parts. The first part of the essay will focus on defining management and then briefly analyse different management theories. In addition, the CVF (Competing Value’s Framework) will explain the different management approaches that are used in the present day. Moving on, the second part looks at the challenge that Morrison’s have faced in the recession. The management approach used at will be mentioned and frameworks such as the PEST and SWOT analysis will be looked at to further analyse Morrison’s. Lastly, a recommendation will be given to Morrison’s. 1.1 What is Management? Management involves organising resources to coordinate activities so that a business can achieve its overall objective. The origins of management can be traced back to the times of the famous Chinese general and philosopher, Sun Tzu, whose book, The Art of War, demonstrates his approach to management. To develop our understanding of management two definitions will be looked at and analysed. To start things off, F.W Taylor’s definition of management will be studied, ‘’ Art of knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the best possible manner’’ (Taylor, F.W. 1911). Taylor uses the word ‘Art’ to explain that management in itself is a skill on its own and if a manager is able to perfect this skill, they will know how to get work done in the most efficient way. The second definition that will be analysed is by the author...
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...Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: Executive Summary We have been hired to help Mack Stewart, the CEO and president of Star Bright Stores assess data to recommend the best type of franchise he should pursue for this company. The future success of the company is dependent on growing the business. In order to do so, he needs to attract potential franchises to purchase stores. Using the statistics he has been keeping on 27 different franchise owners with different characteristics. Using various excel functions, we have determined that the best type of franchise for Star Bright Stores has 5.5 thousand square feet, $540 thousand in inventory, spends $9.6 thousand on advertising, has 9.7 thousand families, and at least 14 competing stores within each district. The data below outlines how we came to these conclusions. Problem We have been hired to help the CEO of Star Bright Stores compile and evaluate data in order to best recommend the type of franchise he should pursue. Background Star Bright Stores president and CEO Mack Stewart is worried about the operation of his franchise. The future...
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...THE &THE VS. HYPE REALITY 46 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT REVIEW · SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2001 www.scmr.com The conventional wisdom is that competition in the future will not be company vs. company but supply chain vs. supply chain. But the reality is that instances of head-to-head supply chain competition will be limited. The more likely scenario will find companies competing— and winning—based on the capabilities they can assemble across their supply networks. By James B. Rice, Jr. and Richard M. Hoppe A n increasingly vocal and popular sentiment holds that the nature of competition in the future will not be between companies but rather between supply chains. If this does, in fact, represent the future, how will these chains actually compete against each other? And what can practitioners do now in anticipation of this future? In contemplating the much-ballyhooed supply chain vs. supply chain (SC vs. SC) proposition, we first sought examples of this competition in action. Yet for as many examples of SC vs. SC competition that we found, there were at least as many places where the model didn’t fit. On the one hand, we saw vivid examples where one company or a series of companies had designed supply networks to act with singular focus against other unique companies or groups of companies—for example, Brax, Perdue Farms, and Tyson Foods. Yet more often, we found a different kind of competitive scenario playing out, as in the automotive, aerospace, and personal...
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... Schultz Utah State University Russell Thelin Utah State Office of Rehabilitation Note: The authors would like to thank Dr. Larry Kontosh at West Virginia University for his feedback and direction during the development of this manuscript. Abstract The issue of Quality Assurance (QA) within the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program is currently receiving significant attention. State VR agencies are increasingly developing QA plans, both to meet the requirements of the Rehabilitation Services Administration, and because of the recognized value such plans bring to program development and improvement activities. The business literature clearly indicates that a large percentage of quality initiatives fail due to the organization failing to address organizational culture change as part of the quality process (Cameron, 2006). This article provides an overview of the Competing Values Framework for organizational change, and discusses the application this paradigm to the state VR setting. Recommendations for state VR agencies to include organizational cultural change in the QA process are provided. Operationalizing Quality Assurance in Rehabilitation Agencies: The Argument for Addressing Organizational Culture The research from the business literature indicates that the majority of organizational efforts to increase effectiveness through quality initiatives (different studies estimate between 40 to 68%) result in failure (Cameron, 2008; Cameron,...
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...Company Overview Industry Analysis Porter Five Force Model Analysis We will define BMW’s industry as the luxury and exclusive car industry which is a specific sector of the automobile industry. This market refers to automobiles that provide pleasant or desirable features beyond the necessary need. The additional value can be reflected in the equipment, performance, comfort, design, status and prestige that the product supplies. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants to the luxury car industry is relatively low. In order to enter the automotive market, an enormous amount of capital is required. Besides capital, a new firm that is interested in entering the market needs to conduct in-depth research beforehand. An entering firm would need a tremendous amount of implicit and explicit knowledge in order to design and manufacture a product that has never been presented or offered before. An automobile manufacturing facility is very specific and specialized; therefore in the event of a failure or malfunction, the cost of repair is extensive. Brand equity is an additional barrier to entry. Exclusive high quality luxury car brands have established extremely high brand equity- value over time. This is one of the main reasons why the public is willing to pay premium price for it. Although the barriers to this exclusive market are substantial, there are various ways around this obstacle. Companies who are well established in the automobile sector may enter the new...
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