Free Essay

Competiveness of Ports

In: Business and Management

Submitted By Clone501st
Words 3133
Pages 13
Competitiveness of ports
Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam

Maritime and Modal Transportation
Borms Floris
2014/2015

Table of content

1. Intro p. 3 2. General information about the ports p. 4 3.1.1. Antwerpen p. 4 3.1.2. Zeebrugge p. 5 3.1.3. Rotterdam p . 6 3. Geographical Location p. 7 4. Hinterland connections p. 8 5. Port services quality, frequency, efficiency p. 10 6. Port Authority/Administration (legal/institutional background) p. 10 7. Conclusion p . 11 8. References p. 13

1. Introduction

In this term paper I will discuss the competitiveness of ports. What are the most important factors that influence the results of a port and the amount of customers and suppliers they attract. This will include exogenous as well as endogenous components. The focus will be on the ports of Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam because their locations are close to each other and on the first view they serve a similar market, which makes them comparable. To completely understand the performances of these ports, it is important that we have a short background of the ports and how they are evolving. This will be explained in the general information topic. Thereafter we will have a look at their geographical locations, the connection with the hinterland, their services they offer and the legal background.

2. General Information

2.1 Port of Antwerp

History

The port of Antwerp has been an active port since the Middle Ages. From the twelfth century Antwerp actually grew a lot because of the flourishing commerce in industrial products. The golden century of Antwerp was the sixteenth, but after the conquest by the Spanish in 1585 a lot of knowledge and wealth moved to Amsterdam. After 1800 Napoleon built the first docks because he realized that Antwerp had an excellent position. In 1863 the Scheldt became toll-free and this definitely boosted the grow of the port. Antwerp became an important trading city during the industrial revolution. After World War II Antwerp was one of the ports that were not totally destroyed and with help of the Marshall plan, it became a big player on the market of petrochemicals. Eventually it became the biggest one in Europe. During 1970 until 2000 there was a lot of development on the left bank to anticipate the rise of scale in shipping. Just like a lot of other companies the Port of Antwerp has been focusing on sustainability and ecology. The latest big project is called Deurganck dock and also the deepening of the Scheldt, to attract bigger ships, is an ongoing project. (Havengeschiedenis, n.d.)
Short Facts * As shown in the picture below you can notice that the port of Antwerp is mostly important in Europe, as well as for loading and unloading. North and Central America, Far and Middle East and Near East have similar shares in the activity of the port of Antwerp. Africa, South America and the Pacific region have smaller shares. * Antwerp is ranked 10th on the list of largest ports in the world. * The Port of Antwerp is located 80 kilometers inland which is an advantage to have a good connection with the hinterland in Europe. * According to the freight volume, the Port of Antwerp is the second largest port in Europe with more than 190 million tons. * Antwerp is known for its high activity of container handling. When measured in tons it is the second biggest after Rotterdam with 102 326 000 tons and when measured in TEU’s it is the third one after Rotterdam and Hamburg with 8 578 269 TEU.
(2014 Facts and Figures)
2.2 Port of Zeebrugge

History

Brugge used to be connected by a natural waterway with the sea. Because of the silting Brugge lost this connection and couldn’t grow any longer as a port. In 1900 the Boudewijn channel was built and this created a link between Brugge en the new seaport called Zeebrugge. The World Wars seriously slowed down the growth of this new port because a big part was destroyed afterwards. In 1985 there was a big expansion, which lead to new positive impulses to the goods traffic, it increased from 14 million in 1985 to 35,5 million in 2000. Since the year 2000 the globalization helped Zeebrugge to become a player on the international market. In Zeebrugge this is especially notable in the expansion of the ship dimensions and the increase of standardized cargo volumes in containers. This last decade was definitely the breakthrough as a container and distribution port. (Geschiedenis, Port of Zeebrugge, n.d.)

Short Facts * Zeebrugge evolved from a normal transit port to a real logistic platform. The role of Zeebrugge for the regional economy is growing. Today more than 28 000 people got a job directly or indirectly thanks to the port. * During the last 10 years, container traffic in Zeebrugge has more than doubled. * Zeebrugge is a deep-sea port and is able to guarantee access to bigger and bigger ships because there is enough depth in the access channel and next to the berths. * Zeebrugge is mainly a port for the handling of unit loads (containers, trailers and new cars). In addition large volumes of conventional cargo (fruit, wood pulp), high & heavy cargoes, natural gas and bulk loads transit in Zeebrugge where they are skillfully handled on specialized terminals. Zeebrugge is also a prominent fishing port and a growing passenger port. (Statistieken, Port of Zeebrugge)

2.3 Port of Rotterdam

History
Rotterdam was divided in a land city and a water city. In this water city were the first components of the port built. During the 19th century Rotterdam became less accessible because of the silting. They tried to stimulate the industry and infrastructure by creating a channel, but this seemed too small very fast. This is why they decided to create the “Nieuwe Waterweg” to connect Rotterdam directly with the sea. In 1929 they started with the first petrochemicals factories in the port and till now is this still one of the main pillars of the port of Rotterdam. In 1966 arrived the first container in Rotterdam and a year later they opened the first container terminal. This company would become the biggest player on the European market. The latest possible expansion for the port of Rotterdam was the construction of the “Maasvlakte”. In 2014 “Maasvlakte 2” is expected to be finished and ready for ships. (Haven van Rotterdam vanaf ca. 1880 Poort naar de wereld)
Short Facts * In 2009 the total surface of the Port of Rotterdam was 10 000 hectares and was spread over a length of 40 kilometers. * The Port of Rotterdam is a gateway for more than 350 million consumers in Europe. * The yearly transshipment in the port is approximately 450 Million tons. (Havenstatistieken) 3. Geographical Location

The three ports discussed in this paper have both negative and positive factors when focused on their location. Starting with the Port of Zeebrugge, it is clear that the position near the sea is an advantage for large ships. They have easy access and don’t need to pass small waterways. The becks of ZeeBrugge are also able to receive these ships. The reason why Zeebrugge is still smaller as the others, is not its position to the sea, but more the connectivity with the hinterland and the fact that it is not as well developed as the others to compete with them as logistic port. The big expansion and growth of the port of Zeebrugge only started in 1985, so it has to catch up with them on several domains.
On the other hand the Port of Antwerp is much more located inland. This has two different outcomes. First of all it is more complicated to get the largest ships to enter the port. Antwerp must adapt to the shipping trend to ensure that it makes most of the opportunities. In April 2012, after dredging the Scheldt River the port was able to handle the largest class of container vessel afloat at that time, the Edith Maersk. However, this puts the port considerably behind some of its peers, as by the end of 2012, its rivals of Zeebrugge, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven and Hamburg were all handling even larger containership, the 16,000TEU CMA CGM Marco Polo. Although this is one of the problems of the Port of Antwerp, the inland location has also a big advantage. It’s easier for the truck transport to enter a highway and have a good connection with the most important customers and suppliers in the European hinterland. From Antwerp, around 143 million people can be reached by truck within nine hours.
Also for barge transport is Antwerp well located, in the middle of the Scheldt-Maas-Rhine-delta with a fast connection to the rest of Europe.
Rotterdam is located strategically at the delta of the rivers Rhine and Meuse. This location makes inland shipping the ideal mode of transport for reliable and cost-effective transportation of large numbers of containers between the port and a complex network of inland terminals in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland.
For trains, the port is the start and end of the Betuweroute, the 160-kilometer dedicated freight railway between Rotterdam and Germany. As a result, the port is linked directly to the complex European rail network. In total there are 316 weekly services into Europe.
For truck transport Antwerp en Rotterdam are very similar. You might argue that Antwerp is a bit better for transport to the south and west of Europe and Rotterdam for the northern and eastern part.
When we compare the location of Rotterdam on the map with Antwerp and Zeebrugge, we can notice that Rotterdam is closer to the sea, definitely with the construction of Maasvlakte 2 than the Port of Antwerp. And that it is also much more spread out towards the land than Zeebrugge. 4. Hinterland Connections

As already mentioned above, there are different possibilities to connect the port with the hinterland. This is also close connected with the Geographical Location that was discussed before because some of the natural elements were there before the port existed or they are the reason why the port developed so well on this location.
Zeebrugge
For Zeebrugge is transportation by road the dominant traffic mode. The road accounts for 52% of Zeebrugge’s total hinterland traffic. With the growth of this traffic forecasted, they must keep investing to improve these roads. Transportation by rail is the second most important one and is used especially for containers and new cars. 16% of the Zeebrugge’s cargo depart or arrive by rail. In the sector of the containers reaches 40% of the cargo hinterland by train.
Only 1% of the cargo is transported by barge and 11% by pipelines, more specific natural gas pipelines. (Hinterlandverbindingen, Port of Zeebrugge)
Antwerp
The Port of Antwerp is a central railway junction for the three major rail corridors in Europe: * Corridor 1 (Rhine - Alpine Corridor): Antwerpen – Duisburg – Keulen – Basel – Genua * Corridor 2 (North Sea - Mediterranean Corridor): Antwerpen – Luxemburg – Lyon/Straatsburg - Basel * Corridor 8 (North Sea - Baltic Corridor): Antwerpen – Duisburg – Polen – Litouwen –
The connection with these important corridors makes clear that railway transport is a very valuable traffic mode for the port of Antwerp. The port of Antwerp is the second largest railroad port in Europe.
Antwerp offers access to the northern European inland waterway system, with direct links to the industrial zones of Germany, the Netherlands, France and Switzerland, and the possibility of inland sailing up to the Black Sea. A canal links the river Scheldt with the river Rhine. As mentioned before there is a good connection for truck transport too.
Last but not least there are the pipelines, which might be the key reason of Antwerp’s success. Antwerp is a key player in the petrochemical industry so the connection with the big European pipelines is necessary. Also the pipelines within the area of the port are an important transportation mode. (European Chemical News, 2005)
Rotterdam
In the port of Rotterdam barge transport plays an important role in the transit.
Of all container cargo entering the port, 40% is transported by barge to the hinterland.
Barge transport will play a greater role in the coming years by the increasing demand for sustainable transport and the improvement of the logistics process. Concerning traffic by road is The A15 the backbone in the port area and the connection to the national and European motorway network is excellent. Within 2 days a truck can travel 1400 km and reach whole France, Germany, north of Italy, north of Spain, the UK, a big part of eastern Europe. (Achterlandverbindingen, Port of Rotterdam)

5. Port services quality, frequency, efficiency

In a paper called “Assessing the Attractiveness of Ports in the North European Container Transhipment Market: An Agenda for Future Research in Port Competition” there is stated that the port of Antwerp and the port of Rotterdam are very similar when we compare their quality, services and frequency. Rotterdam and Hamburg are considered to be the best and Antwerp is together with Bremerhaven running behind just a bit. Zeebrugge is not mentioned in this paper, but in general the ports in Belgium deliver a good level of quality and efficiency. It really depends on the customers too what they expect from the port, where they are located and what kind of goods they want to be transported.
An interesting fact that is discussed in the same paper is the difference between competiveness and attractiveness. Song and Yeo (2004) define port competition as the development of application of differentiated strategic alternatives so as to attract more customers to competitive ports . Clearly, their definition of competitiveness is more applicable to port's attractiveness than to competitiveness itself. For example Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam all offer good services and decent quality so this makes them attractive ports for certain customers. This does not automatically mean that they compete with each other because they might focus on different markets with different customers. (Ng, Adolf Koi Yu, 2006)

6. Legal background

Another point of comparison is the legal background of the different ports. How are they organized and who is leading the organization? According to their official website is The Port of Rotterdam an unlisted public company. The shares of the Port of Rotterdam are held by the municipality of Rotterdam (about 70%) and the Dutch State (30%). There is no privatization. The General management leads the daily management of the company. The independent Supervisory Board supervises the Executive Board and the affairs of the company. The two shareholders Municipality of Rotterdam (about 70%) and the government (30%) have an influence on the company through the General Meeting of Shareholders. (Port Of Rotterdam)
To boost the competitiveness of the Port of Antwerp, the Antwerp Port Authority was established as an independent, municipally-owned company in 1997. In its current legal format, the Port Authority has its own decision-making powers and a human resources policy separate from the city. And the Port Authority also has the power to reach joint ventures with other companies or government departments. In this way it can flexibly meet a rapidly evolving maritime market. The Port Authority's sole shareholder is the city of Antwerp. Port alderman Marc Van Peel is chairman of the Board of Directors. Managing Director Eddy Bruyninckx is chairman of the Management committee, which is responsible for the day-to-day management. (Port of Antwerp)
The port of Zeebrugge is managed by the Port authority/MBZ nv. This company is an autonomous company regulated by public law, the city of Bruges being the main shareholder. The company was established in 1895. The Port authority determines the port policy and is responsible for the technical, nautical and commercial aspects of the port management.(Port of Zeebrugge)

7. Conclusion

After comparing the ports of Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Rotterdam on different levels and subjects, it is time to create a conclusion related to the competiveness. First of all you can conclude that Antwerp en Rotterdam play on a different level than Zeebrugge. The amounts of cargo passing through these ports is so much bigger than Zeebrugge. Also is it very hard for Zeebrugge to compete with the others because of their very good and central geographical location. The quality of services is for the three of them quite comparable even if you consider the different numbers or quantities. Zeebrugge definitely has opportunities to grow and to develop as a port, but to compete with Antwerp and Rotterdam they have catch up several years of experience and the geographical location is something they can’t change.
Rotterdam and Antwerp are very similar on a lot of levels and that is the reason why they are together with Hamburg the big players on the European market. Rotterdam has the advantage of being easier to access and their connection through inland waterways is a bit better. Antwerp has the advantage of being specialized petrochemical station and having a good railway connection.
Another remark that is not really discussed before but something that might matter in the future are the recent developments in the economy and politics of Belgium and the unavoidable savings by the government. They might also influence the results by the Belgian ports and especially by port of Antwerp in both positive and negative ways. The right government gets a lot of critics from the labor unions and they react by protesting. These recent protests lead to a total shutdown of shipping traffic in the ports of Zeebrugge, Antwerp and Gent. This will costs the ports a lot of money because they are losing valuable time and might lose customers because of this.
On the other hand is the right government trying to stimulate the economy and the bigger companies might be profiting from this. So when the companies who are located in the port do better, the ports themselves will also do better and become more competitive with the foreign ports.
How big the differences will be because of these political events is very hard to predict, but because there is a lot of competition between the ports in northern Europe every detail does matter in the race.

8. References

Koi Yu, Ng. (2006) Assessing the Attractiveness of Ports in the North European Container Transhipment Market: An Agenda for Future Research in Port Competition.
Port of Antwerp, (2014). [Online], Available: http://www.portofantwerp.com/nl [12 November, 2014].
Port of Zeebrugge, (2014). [Online], Available: http://www.zeebruggeport.be/nl [17 November, 2014].
Port of Rotterdam, (2014). [Online], Available: http://www.portofrotterdam.com/nl [15 November, 2014].
Scheepvaartverkeer ligt stil door vakbondsactie, (2014). [Online], Available: http://www.knack.be/nieuws/belgie/scheepvaartverkeer-ligt-stil-door-vakbondsactie/article-normal-513097.html [23 November, 2014].
The Port of Antwerp, (2005), United Kingdom: Sutton, Reed Business Information UK.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

International Trade and Finance Paper

...is Keith De Luca, Speaker of the House, United States Senate. The U.S. economy has been hit hard since the attacks on the World Trade Center’s 12 years ago. It’s been one of the worse financial states of our economy since the Great Depression, but as of 2009 we have been on the up side and looking at a growing economy. When there is a surplus of imports brought into the United States, there comes advantages and disadvantages to our economy. “The increased economic activity associated with every stage of the import process helps support millions of jobs in the U.S” (Scissors, Espinoza, & Miller, 2012). This happens by supplying jobs in all aspects of the business market from transportation, construction, retail and it keeps our ports running strong. Providing jobs throughout the United States is a great advantage of having imports coming to our country. On the negative side, the higher number of imports that we have shows a down side in our own manufacturing sector. The cost of materials and manufacturing overseas impacts what we can produce here. “Auto sales since the depths of the recession have increased more than twice as fast as employment in auto parts in part because of the rapid growth in auto parts imported from China—the fastest-growing source of U.S. auto-parts imports” (Scott, 2012). The auto industry has been on a rise since the United States government help them out and turned around there sales margin. With the number of parts that are being brought...

Words: 1030 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Swot

...Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths: * Today Australia is one of the best thriving amongst the world economies with a strong GDP indicator which has been growing over the last twenty years (!). It continues to grow strongly based on sound macroeconomic policies and improving in international competiveness. The primary strength of the Australian economy is the segment of business service and finance (20.7% GDP). In this condition, it is very attractive to new business in search for financing, capital and starting-up. The clear size of this segment allows for the greatest range and multiplicity of services * Other positive traditional indicators of economic performance: budget surplus since 2002, low inflation, rising household income, low unemployment rate (decreasing 3.3% over last ten years), and consistent rise in labor productivity, * The country has got a strongly performing mineral sector. It’s a major exporter of minerals, metals, and fossil fuels (up to 75% of its export) and agricultural products as well * Excellent domestic and international transportation services. There are almost 420 airports, numerous ports for ships, 38,550 km railroad tracks and 913,000 km worth roads throughout the country * There are also numerous pipeline systems to transport crude oil (2500 km) or natural gas (5600 km), * Strong emphasis on reforms which are designed to strengthen the resilience of the Australian economy, * Australian ability...

Words: 660 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Impact of Panama Canal Expansion Project on Trading Routes and Port in West/East Coast

...Background There was a huge evolution in container ships industry in past 50 years. In 1960s decade was the start of the shipping companies’ competition for building the biggest container ship. Companies like Maersk Line and Hapag Lloyd introduced their first vessels constructed for carrying containers. Apart from the running cost dramatically reduced by using bigger container ship and it is also contributed to environment which is one of the hot topics in recent world. ”When you get bigger ships, you can more efficiently carry more cargo, so the carbon footprint you get per tonne of cargo is smaller.” Unni Einemo, Sustainable Shipping Today’s biggest cruise ship in the world was launched since 2013, is the Triple E class vessel Maersk McKinney Moler owned by Maersk, Denmark. As you can noticed in below figure, there was a huge increase of the container ships’ capacity since 1960s from 1000 TEU to 18,000 TEU and the term “Panamax” stands for the size limits for ships traveling through the Panama Canal. Formally, these limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Authority (ACP), titled "Vessel Requirements". These requirements also describe topics like exceptional dry seasonal limits, propulsion, communications, and detailed ship design. [pic][pic] The Canal History The earliest mention of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama dates to 1534, when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, ordered a survey for a route through the Americas that would...

Words: 2342 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Project Development & Implementation for Strategic Managers

...PROJECT DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION FOR STRATEGIC MANAGERS Table of Contents 1. Introduction: 3 2. Description of the study 4 2.1 Business Case 4 2.2 Business Case for a New Product 5 2.3 Aakash Tablet as the new product 6 2.4 Features of Aakash tablet 7 2.5 Specifications of Aakash tablet 7 2.6 Current discussion on Aakash tablet 8 2.7 Market competiveness of Aakash Tablet 9 2.8 Cost for development of Aakash Tablet 9 2.9 Resources and components for Aakash Tablet 10 2.10 Marketing Strategies 10 2.11 Success of Aakash Tablet 11 3. Conclusion 11 Reference 12 1. Introduction: The revolution of products in the computers and phones are moving to every person and also growing in the range, quality and the features according to the needs and wants of the customers. initially the computers were very large in size i.e. the main frame computers, then the need made them smaller and the companies prepared personal computers, now to increase the portability of the computers the lap tops came into picture and then to make them much more comfortable and accessible to the users and hence the aakash tablets is the product which is recently launched and accepted by the maximum of consumers and they are understanding the need of the customers. Thus monitoring the success of the tablets was the motive of the company and the marketers (Kim J. and Wilemon D., 2002). 2. Description of the study 3.1 Business Case A business case...

Words: 3740 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Business Report

...Business Report on imports of cars to Brazil or India with recommendation The theory of National competitive advantage gives Brazil and India an edge in the automobile industry and importation into either of the two countries would require well analyzed market research and supporting strategy. Brazil’s current import policies, tariffs, restrictions and incentives Muller, J. 2012(pp. 46-48) forecasts sales of cars will increase 68% from 3.4million units to 5.7million in brazil by 2016.The importation of cars not manufactured and do not own plants in Brazil have been hit hard with an increase from 25% duty fee to 55% increase and other charges, policy that could see a rise year after year. Joan Muller 2012.(Forbes) Toyota Corolla, which sells for $16,230 in USA now has sticker price of $29,000 in Brazil. The Brazilian Government only gives incentive to carmakers with manufacturing plants in Brazil coupled with stability of central bank and its response to economic dynamics has been a driving force for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the automobile industry. Industry Forecast Scenario( 2012).Brazil’s duty tax and other tax levied on imports are high,domestic sales are taxed and it varies by state, these are few reasons why there have been a decline in imports of automobile .The table below shows the decline in importation, sales of new cars and market share of current importers of cars to Brazil ' Table from Brazilian Auto Importers Association (2012) High imports...

Words: 1412 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Gobal Supply Chain

... dimensions, such tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy as using a seven point like scale measuring both customer expectations and perceptions. Research for this report included a review of current literature on applying MPA website, TQM and Six Sigma journals, and others journal. The research findings in TQM show that reducing customer’s waiting time would increase the service quality. The reliability in TQM would be focusing on the port defects which would affect customers trust to the port. Six Sigma show that the reducing of processes in the port to increases the quality of service through operation. The research findings indicate the environmental, economic and social sustain issues. And the approaches of sustainable will actually help to sustain it. This report recommends that TQM and Six Sigma are beneficial to keep MPA improving the customer satisfaction and also leads to quality improvements to keep the machine functioning in a good way to operate port business. Table of Contents Page Executive Summary 1. Introduction 4 2. Application of TQM and Six Sigma to MPA Service Qualities...

Words: 3363 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Pest Analysis

...PEST on Australia Political aspect 1. Trading policies Maintains active and diverse international trade policy agenda which combines multilateral, regional and bilateral strategies to break down world barriers to trade. Trade policies are equally based on structural economic reforms to improve its international trade competiveness, and initiatives to promote liberalization of international trade and investment rules. Australia has good trading policies with its neighbor countries, and their trades are in favorable conditions, so operating Air Asia (AA) in Australia would be viable and there will be higher frequent business traveler. 2. Home market lobbying/pressure groups Committed Pressure group are allowed in Australia, which is good things, because of open political system, as results consumer and the citizen are more aware about the real business situation. Pressure groups will make the organization to think about the Corporate Social Responsibly and Ethics that it need to consider and practice in Australia. XX (company name) should come up with new business strategies which benefits environment, people and demoralizing un ethical activities. 3. International pressure group Australia is a sophisticated and modern economy. It is open market and it has good relationship with international welfare organization High Pressure group. In the environment, where there is high international pressure group, organizations should consider international issues...

Words: 1936 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Indian Tourism

...Delhi Executive Post Graduate Diploma in International Business (EPGDIB 2012-14) Topic: Promotional Activities of Indian Tourism v/s Other Countries Faculty: Prof. Rakesh Mohan Joshi Submitted By: Soniya Agnihotri Roll No 72 EPGDIB 2012-14 1 Promotional Activities of Indian Tourism v/s Other Countries www.incredibleindia.org 2 Promotional Activities of Indian Tourism v/s Other Countries Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary Objective Pedagogy 2. Indian Tourism Promotional Activities in the International Arena Vision Statement Major Issues: Is India really ‘Incredible’? 3. Why nation branding is important for tourism? 4. Comparison of tourism promotion activities of India v/s other Countries Travel and tourism Competiveness Index Comparison of India with top five tourist destination in the world Comparison of India with top five tourist destination in the Asia-Pacific region Conclusion based on the comparison 5. Major Challenges for Indian Tourism Industry 6. Critical Evaluation Brand Planning & Strategy Comes First Successful Advertising Does not equal Brand Strategy 7. Tourism promotion and success strategy 8. References 3 Promotional Activities of Indian Tourism v/s Other Countries Executive Summary Objective: This study has been undertaken to put light on the various nuances of the Indian tourism Industry, India’s share of the pie in the global tourism industry, comparison of India’s tourism promotion strategy v/s other countries and to...

Words: 5435 - Pages: 22

Free Essay

Economy of Venezuela

...Economy of Venezuela Contents *Executive Summary 2 1 Venezuela Profiles 3 1.1 Geography 3 1.2 Population 4 1.3 Political System 4 1.4 Economic System 4 1.5 Market Spotlight 5 1.6 Trade Agreements 6 2 Doing business in Venezuela (Compare with China) 6 2.1 Starting a business 7 2.2 Dealing with construction permits 8 2.3 Employing workers 8 2.4 Registering property 9 2.5 Getting credit 9 2.6 Protecting investors 10 2.7 Paying taxes 11 2.8 Trading across borders 12 2.9 Enforcing contracts 12 2.10 Closing a business 13 2.11 The ranks trend of 10 Factors from 2007 to 2010 in Venezuela 13 2.12 The ranks trend of 10 Factors from 2007 to 2010 in China 14 3 Global Competitiveness Index 15 3.1 The comparison (Score) of GCI with Venezuela and China in 2010 16 3.2 The comparison (Rank) of GCI with Venezuela and China in 2010 16 3.3 The trend of GCI (Rank) 2 countries from 2002 to 2010 17 3.4 The trend of GCI (Score) 2 countries from 2005 to 2010 18 4 Conclusion 18 4.1 Market Challenges in Venezuela 18 4.2 Market Opportunities in Venezuela 19 4.3 Experience from China 19 4.4 Recommendation of Strategy 20 4.5 Venezuela Economy: Impact of Nationalization 20 *Executive Summary My selected country Venezuela is the worst rank, in order to evaluate the business environment, first, I do some research for Venezuela profiles, which include basic information...

Words: 3694 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Assessing the Impact of Globalization on the Caribbean Business Environment

...The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of globalization on the Caribbean business environment. Much has been written about globalization which is more accurately viewed as a process of change rather that an event which has already occurred. The impact of globalization on any environment can be both positive and negative and can be described as the enablers or the constraints which affect the decisions made by leaders, both government and business. It also refers to the way these choices affect the lives of all people. Scholars David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton developed a general framework for understanding the process and characteristics of globalization. The authors said that, “in its simplest sense globalization refers to the widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness. They also suggest that the process of Globalization does not only have one kind of impact or outcome but four different types namely Decisional, Institutional, Distributive and Structural: • Decisional impact. How does globalizing processes affect how individuals, corporations, organizations and governments make decisions? • Institutional impact. How does globalization change the agendas of organizations and individuals, structure their choices and influence their preferences? • Distributive impact. How does globalization change the way wealth and power are distributed within and among countries? • Structural impact. How does globalization...

Words: 3201 - Pages: 13

Free Essay

Ideo

... IDEO’s CULTURE & process 4 IDEO Culture 4 Design process 4 Work environment 4 Prototyping 5 Collaboration 5 Customer involvement 5 Innovation process 5 Brainstorming 5 Structure and methodology 6 HandSpring Project (Visor) 7 Visor Challenges 7 The Odds situation 8 Measuring R&D Performance 9 Measuring Visor’s Project Performance 9 Prototyping of Palm V 11 The Decision 12 Executive Summary This case deals with IDEO company situation analysis. It starts with describing the IDEO corporation as an environment and the process that they use to perform the work. IDEO is a flat organization to an extreme. They have no hierarchy and discouraged formal titles, which is something that stressed more on the competiveness of the designers and engineers. They believed that prototyping is the key for the design process. They start with collaboration and brainstorming sessions in order to generate the most effective ideas and thoughts. They also have the customer involved with them in all the processes to keep him updated and aware of the steps that are taken. They have a 5 phase methodology to follow when starting a new project which are: Phase 0: Understand and observe, Phase 1: Visualize and realize, Phase 2:Evaluate and refine, Phase 3:Detailed Engineering and Phase 4: Manufacture. Theses five phase are explained more in the following pages IDEO has just finished a great breakthrough in the palm industry. They created a new handheld PDA that worked with...

Words: 3095 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Yas Waterworld Marketing Plan

...José Francisco Rosselló Solivellas César Jimeno Campos Jose Antonio Rodríguez Cuenca Ernest Llofriu Palou INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 3 MACRO ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 3 Economic'factors'and'tendencies'....................................................................................................................'3' Environment'factors'and'tendencies'.............................................................................................................'4' Technological'factors'and'tendencies'...........................................................................................................'7' Demographic'factors'and'tendencies'............................................................................................................'8' Social'and'cultural'factors'and'tendencies'.................................................................................................'9' Political'and'legal'factors'................................................................................................................................'10' MICROENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... 13 Competitors'.....................................................

Words: 3289 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

International Business - Malaysia

...GLOBAL BUSINESS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: MALAYSIA HSUEN YAN WONG LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Abstract Globalization has simultaneously created global interdependence among nations of the world. Every nation is different from the other. The difference has formed barrier in trade, communication, value and custom. The objective of this paper is to study the factors impacting business in Malaysia and implication of the United States business in Malaysia. Developing countries are typically having more potential for foreign investment because they want to achieve the goal of developed country which is prosperous and fully industrialized. Malaysia is a diversified and humanities rich country from as being offshore destination. Malaysia is classified as upper middle income developing country due to its GNI per capita of $8420 as of 2011 according to World Bank data (2012). Malaysia is determining and rapidly moving to its goal of achieving National Vision 2020 as a fully developed country by year 2020 with its investor friendly business environment. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Malaysia Globalization has simultaneously created global interdependence among nations of the world. Every nation is different from the other. The difference has formed barrier in trade, communication, value and custom. The objective of this paper is to study the factors impacting business in Malaysia and implication of the United States business in Malaysia. Developing countries are typically having more potential...

Words: 4884 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Peru Wine Industry

...TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION …..…………………………………….……………………… 1 PART 1 PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS ……………… 1.1 Factor Conditions 2 1.2 Demand Conditions 3 1.3 Related and Supporting Industries 4 1.4 Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry 5-6 1.5 Government 7 1.6 Chance 8 CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………. 9 PART 2 MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES ……………………………..… 2.1 Joint Venture 10-11 2.2 Acquisition 12-13 RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………... 14 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………..……….. 15-17 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 WORD COUNT Part 1: 2310 Part 2: 939 Total: 3249 INTRODUCTION Peru is a dynamic, fast-growing South American economy poised for success in international markets. Some of Peru’s flagship export products are coffee and asparagus, but in recent years, it is an emerging producer of New World wines. Peru’s wine market supply is around 45 million litres, an increase of almost 10 million litres from five years ago (USDA, 2014). Peruvian climate is ideal for cultivation of grapes with strong character, where majority of its vineyards are concentrated on the Central coast. The wine industry is Peru has promising prospects for a foreign business investment, due to growing domestic consumption and global demand for high-quality and affordable wines. ………... PORTER’S NATIONAL DIAMOND ANALYSIS ……….....

Words: 4815 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Singapore Hotel Industry Analysis

...SINGAPORE HOTEL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Prepared by: Nazia Husain Marketing 558: Marketing Across Cultures TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 HISTORY 4 GOVERNMENT 6 CULTURE 6 Religion 6 Language 7 Economy of Singapore 8 Trade 9 Employment 10 ASEAN 10 MACRO-ECONOMIC REVIEW OF SINGAPORE 11 Economic Factors 11 Macro-environment factors and hotel industry 12 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 14 Hotel Demand 15 Hotel Supply 16 COUNTRY CLUSTER ANALYSIS 17 Regional Analysis in the Hotel Industry 17 Singapore Industry Analysis 17 RevPAR 19 Singapore Hotel Association 20 Corporations Expanding Into the Region 22 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: 23 Working culture differences between the US and Singapore 23 Expansion into Singapore 24 APPENDIX 26 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this research paper is to provide insights into the Singapore Hotel Industry. Through an analysis of economic indicators and the hotel industry in the region, along with a look at how the cultural characteristics of Singapore help illustrate many reasons why hotels should look to expand in Singapore. One of the many reasons why the hotel industry is of such importance in Singapore is its continuous growth and expansion of the services industry in the region. Although there is a slow growth of visitors projected in 2012 due to an uncertain economy, it is to the countries best advantage to increase the number of hotels being planned to open in the next...

Words: 8199 - Pages: 33