...Julie Wood Chapter 3-Summary “The Divide” October 6, 2015 Andrew Brown grew up in the projects, in which he calls the red-zone of Brooklyn, New York. He desired to be a cop and took an interest in watching television shows of the like, when he was a little boy. Andrew was the only male child in the family, of his mother and father. As he was growing up, his father was not in the household with him, but remained in his life. Andrew’s household consisted of his mother, sisters, grandfather, aunt, and his cousins. Eventually, his aunt and cousins moved out. Shortly after, Andrew and his sisters were removed from the home and were in the custody of the aunt because his mother was struggling with a drug addiction. He struggled with the separation from his mother, and he did not care for his aunt. He thought she only wanted them just to collect the money for them from the state. Andrew’s grandfather was the only male figure who was constant in his life, but he died. Andrew began getting into trouble after his grandfather passed away. This involved the police. As his behaviors worsened, his mother’s health began to decline due to the added stress. She did all that she could to get him to straighten himself up, which included calling on his father. His mother’s first hospitalization was an eye-opener for him. He swore that he would pull it together. Yet he meant well, he still got in trouble and eventually had to be sent to the dirtiest...
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... Information Technology (IT) is the technology side of an information system. In order for police departments to be able to manage their resources in combating crime in their areas they will have to adapt to new technologies. One of these technologies is CompStat which stands for comparative statistics. CompStat made its first appearance in 1994 in New York City. Since then many police departments have implemented the CompStat system. Once a police officer makes an arrest they have to fill out a report. This report must be as accurate as possible because the information that is obtained from this report will be entered into the CompStat system. The CompStat system has aided many police departments in the reduction of crimes in their areas. The way CompStat is used by the police departments is based on the type of information that is entered into the data base. They enter all types of information into this system which basically is who, what, where, and when. The system is designed to take this information, and predict where the next crime will possibly take place. This to some people is nothing more than an educated guess which putting it in layman terms is, but it really is more than just that. The CompStat system can maintain all of this information and produce a more timely and accurate report on where these crimes will occur next. This system can be very useful to the police departments as long as they keep putting accurate information into the system. Just...
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...incidents versus problems. Professor Goldstein wanted to reverse that theory and detect an incident that can turn into a problem. The second idea was introduce by Professor James Q. Wilson and George Kelling. These two individuals believed, creation of public disorder were failure by police officers in which they could not control minor offenses. Therefore, these two authors believe police officers can impact the community by responding to social controls and take charge from that aspect. This implementation was a good method to reduce neighborhood fear and prevent crimes (Broken Windows). The third idea was implemented by Commissioner William Bratton. The Compstat program started by a management team in New York in which commissioner William Bratton was appointed as head of the police department to incorporate the Compstat model. The model was a basic process on how to collect abstract information and analyze data. He invested in his staff to devolve both resources and decision-making to higher management. This will make commanders get together for weekly planning’s, in which precinct commanders had to identify and provide solutions to incidents. Based on their conclusion, the police department will be accountable for their decisions measured by all...
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...COMPSTAT: A HELP OR A HURT? Nekia Kelly CJMS600-9040 TurnItIn Score:1% October 2, 2012 INTRODUCTION CompStat, since 1994, has been used to assist in police performance and reduce acts of crime. It is used to collect, analyze and map crime data in order to hold commanding officers responsible for their districts performance. (Peak, 2008, p.75) However, we all know that numbers can be adjusted in one’s favor as to make it appear that all is well, but how is that going to deter the fact that actions speak for themselves. Are police commanders really using CompStat reports to assist with how they shall proceed on crime in their jurisdiction? Or is it being used to make it appear that performance levels are at good standing? Also in conjunction with these reports what are they doing or will do to correct the issues. We shall take a look at the pros and cons of CompStat over the years to see where it has been beneficial to our law enforcement, how it hasn’t helped and what could or should be done to fix it. SUMMARIES In the aspect of numbers being made to look like all is well; the NYPD has been under scrutiny for such and a survey conducted in September 2008 was used to determine just how bad it really was. The department not only reached out to current commanders but also retirees to get their perspective on how things worked under their command. When the results were collected, Paul J. Browne, the department’s chief spokesman at that time did everything to dispel...
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...MANAGING CRIME AND QUALITY OF LIFE USING COMPSTAT: SPECIFIC ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICE By Dr. Vincent E. Henry* I. INTRODUCTION The highly effective management model or paradigm that has come to be known as Compstat was first developed within the New York Police Department in 1994 as a process for managing crime and quality of life in New York City. Compstat was developed in response to a very specific set of immediate needs confronting the NYPD at that time: the compelling need to bring spiralling rates of crime and disorder to within manageable bounds and to refocus the NYPD on its primary mission of effectively ensuring public safety by reducing crime and violence. Since its introduction in early 1994, Compstat has proven to be highly effective in achieving the goals for which it was initially intended. Over time it has also evolved and grown from a basic and fairly rudimentary process involving the collection and analysis of crime data as well as a mechanism for ensuring accountability and information-sharing into a more complex, more nuanced, and eminently more effective management paradigm. As Compstat grew and changed over time, so too did the issues and problems challenging the NYPD. As crime and public disorder offences declined to within more manageable limits, the agency had the luxury of turning its attention to a range of other management problems and issues. While reducing crime and disorder and increasing public safety have never lost their prominence...
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...Predictive Policing OCTOBER 16, 2013 Abstract In this ever evolving world of technological advancement in many areas of human endeavor, it should be of paramount importance that the Police departments are very equipped with modern day technologies and procedures for their effective use in curbing and preventing crimes from occurring. Criminals today employ an advanced array of equipment and technologies to achieve their nefarious activities, in order to keep up with their pace, policing methods must also advance. Predictive Policing with the use of COMPSTAT (Computer Statistics) approach could be simply stated as the systematic use of Information Systems Technology processes and Law enforcement capabilities to implement procedures to prevent crimes. This process Involves systematic data collection, crime analysis, and improved accountability in the pursuit of Criminals and ultimately, crime prevention. This paper will give an insight on the application of Predictive Policing in today’s environment, and factors to be considered when adopting this approach, as against previous non-technological traditional approaches. Predictive Policing Compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets. The positives of adopting a proactive Predictive policing approach cannot be over emphasized. The ability to detect a possible crime zone and deploying officers to that...
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...A Compstat is a combination of a strategy and a management style. As a strategy, Compstat might be called crime-specific policing. Crime-specific policing is targeted enforcement aimed at certain crimes committed by specific offenders, a specific time, and specific places (Hoover, 2014).There are several types of approaches that are used such as; You have Real-Time Crime Analysis which requires up-to-the-minute crime trends and pattern data. Next, you have Targeted Enforcement, it incorporates crime-specific strategic approaches defined interventions that are targeted specific offenses. Then, you have the Broken-Window Enforcement consists of cleaning up a neighborhood of incivility, deterioration, and nuisance offenses, serious crimes will...
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...Running Head: Week 2 Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Week 2 Assignment 1 Predictive Policing Your Name Professor Alexander Peter CIS 500 Information Systems For Decision Making 21 April 2014 The components of an information technology system connect with an organization’s mission to enhance their capability. With that the organization can incorporate components of an information technology system to become more proficient in their mission in providing quality services or products. The new components of an information technology system allow organizations to be propelled to the twenty first century from and information technology perspective. Department stores use components of an information technology system to gather information to better service the customers. The company gathers valuable information coupled with analyzing the data and then realigns the needed resources accordingly. They can exceed in meeting the quota of providing supply-in-demand in certain instance. Companies utilize websites to capture information about customers when they visit and browse their website. When the customer login or browse a website a Cookie is created to capture what sites the customer visited and their browsing history. This allows the company to learn what the customer’s vested interest is and provide multiple resources to obtain it. Multiple search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, AltaVista, Excite and AOL search to name a few, which capture...
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...technologies to become more effective when it comes to reducing crime. The oldest technology that has been used is COMPSTAT formerly known as Computer Statistics. COMPSTAT has been around to implement strategies in law enforcement on stopping crime before it starts. COMPSTAT builds onto the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) to analyze which crime is being mostly committed, the county (or city), which age group and ethnicity is committing those crimes. COMPSTAT relies on human recognition patterns based on past crimes (Goode, 2011). In 1994, COMPSTAT was developed within the New York Police Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning, police officers of the New York Police Department hand wrote crime complaint reports and the clerical personnel of the precinct typed every single data that was found. The data was viewed by the department supervisors. COMPSTAT has also been used for crime-mapping technology to determine location where crime was taken place (Henry, ). Just like COMPSTAT, police officer uses...
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...the responsibility of patrolling particular areas of town where crime would most likely occur; also, they were dependent on citizens reporting crime. CompStat was adopted to help police officers become more aware of crime in a particular area without necessarily doing their normal patrols in particular areas of town. CompStat helps many police departments to utilize different sources and place necessary resources in areas where crime is more common; whereas, many police could not to respond in a timelyto the time. By usg the CompStat system they have a statistical chance of being where they need to be at the right time. COMPSTAT (COMPuter STATistics) is used as a law enforcement crime fighting strategy by the New York City Police Department. CompStat uses Geographic information system (GIS) to map the locations of where crimes occur, identify: hotspots”, and map problem areas. CompStat has amassed a wealth of historical crime data which are used by Mathematicians to design and develop algorithms for predicting future crimes. The CompStat process can be summarized in one simple statement: "Collect, analyze, and map crime data and other essential police performance measures on a regular basis, and hold police managers accountable for their performance as measured by these data(The CompStat Process, 2003). a. Input CompStat is an information-driven managerial process. Accurate and timely information is important. The basic information necessary for prudent, informed decisions...
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...Predictive Policing Elizabeth Lancaster Strayer University Information Systems for Decision Making CIS500 Dr. Rose July 10, 2014 Predictive Policing Predictive policing, in essence, is taking data from disparate sources, analyzing them and then using the results to anticipate, prevent and respond more effectively to future crime (Pearsall, n.d). In an attempt to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, first you need to examine what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention” (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010). Information technology is “the collection of computing systems used by the organization” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). Information technology (IT) is used to optimize the performance of police departments’ and reduce crime where prior to information technology, it was necessary for police officers to physically, patrol the streets in random locations in order to reduce crime. Police use information technology tools at almost every stage, including allocation of sources, patrolling, crime prevention, crime tracking, hot pursuits, and crime solving. New technologies have changed drastically in our ways of thinking, our perceptions, our...
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...Predictive Policing By Jamia Yant April 13th, 2012 In order to effectively compare and contrast the application of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols of the streets, we first have to look at exactly what information technology is available to police today. The term predictive policing is the name given to “any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward-thinking crime prevention”. (Predictive Policing Symposium, 2010) The five elements of predictive policing focusing on are integrated information and operations, seeing the big picture, cutting-edge analysis and technology, linkage to performance, adaptability to changing conditions. There are a very large number of ways technology used to implement these five elements: patrol staffing and resource allocation, time and location of future incidence in a crime pattern, identify individuals who are likely to reoffend/early detection of career criminals, analysis of predatory patterns, threat and vulnerability assessment, city/neighborhood planning, traffic management, crowd control …and the list goes on. In a world where technology is developing and evolving faster than it can be implemented, it is realistic to assume that the police force would adapt and use that technology to place them in a good position to be able to adequately and effectively do its job. The first element...
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...with the help of technology, mobile phones have the capability of acting like a computer and so forth. So with the creation of the program COMPSTAT, there was numerous years of data that was added into the database with new daily information added to predict which areas would have the highest rate of crime based on what has happened in the past (Goode, 2011). Before COMPSTAT, the officers would patrol spots that they thought might be a high area of crime based on their experience in the field (Goode, 2011). This allows the police officers to be able to target the crimes when they are taking place to prevent them from occurring based on the presence of the police officers. This also allows for officers to catch people in the act to be arrested and possibly file more charges against the criminal. This advantage allows for time to be used more wisely to go off of the data that is known for trouble spots to keep the crime down in those areas. The disadvantage of the program would be that if there was not any crime occurring in the area that the officers were sent to that it would be the same as patrolling as they would be wasting time until they were dispatched to take care of something else. With the patrolling of the streets, it more likely that the officers are waiting for a crime to take place and then they pull someone over . With COMPSTAT, it is more like a stakeout where they wait until the crime takes place and they move in. Another disadvantage would be that since the police...
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...(Brown, 2013). Police departments now utilize information technologies like dashboard cameras, laptops in their vehicles, GPS units, forensics work and fingerprint and criminal databases. CompStat is an information technology strategy that was adopted in New York City in 1994. It allows the police department to map areas where crimes occur, identify problem areas and “hotspots” within the city. It essentially predicts a crime before it happens. This allows the department to place officers in the proper areas, so that arrests can be made or so that crimes can be avoided. Police officers are more equipped to fight crime with information technology just performing random patrols of the streets. CompStat gives officers specific details so that they know exactly where to direct their attention. Simply patrolling the streets allows officers to have more of a community presence and build relationships with citizens of the city. CompStat’s output is based on past crimes, so patrolling the streets would make officers more accessible to adrress crimes that are happening for the first time. Compstat takes control of the streets away from the patrol officers and places it in the hands of the command staff. In random patrolling, the patrol officers are the decision makers. “The impact of CompStat, like that of previous technology, is contingent on how it interacts with the existing technical capacities, work practices, management styles and cultural values of police...
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...Predictive Policing Information Technology deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve and transmit information. New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social networks) strongly influence competitive strategies and the efficiency of operations. New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing, operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT. Information technology is used in a wide variety of business organizations like Wal-Mart, Galeries Lafayette. The IT has also been applied to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. The following points illustrate the use of IT to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. • It stores the data of the previous crimes in a single location for easy access. Whereas with street patrolling accessing of data regarding previous crimes takes some extra efforts as the data is not in a single location. • We can apply certain logics and calculations on the collected data to come up with some predictions. With street patrolling, based on the previous data and experience we come up with some predictions • The output of such a prediction is a report that gives the location and time of where the crime will occur. With street patrolling no such reports are available and the prediction is...
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